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  • Journal article
    Sadek M, Kallina E, Bohné T, Mougenot C, Calvo RA, Cave Set al., 2025,

    Challenges of responsible AI in practice: scoping review and recommended actions

    , AI and Society: the journal of human-centered systems and machine intelligence, Vol: 40, Pages: 199-215, ISSN: 0951-5666

    Responsible AI (RAI) guidelines aim to ensure that AI systems respect democratic values. While a step in the right direction, they currently fail to impact practice. Our work discusses reasons for this lack of impact and clusters them into five areas: (1) the abstract nature of RAI guidelines, (2) the problem of selecting and reconciling values, (3) the difficulty of operationalising RAI success metrics, (4) the fragmentation of the AI pipeline, and (5) the lack of internal advocacy and accountability. Afterwards, we introduce a number of approaches to RAI from a range of disciplines, exploring their potential as solutions to the identified challenges. We anchor these solutions in practice through concrete examples, bridging the gap between the theoretical considerations of RAI and on-the-ground processes that currently shape how AI systems are built. Our work considers the socio-technical nature of RAI limitations and the resulting necessity of producing socio-technical solutions.
  • Journal article
    Pinson P, Bjorn M, Kristiansen S, Nielsen CB, Janerka L, Skovgaard J, Durhuus Ket al., 2025,

    Data-Driven at Sea: Forecasting and Revenue Management at Molslinjen

    , INFORMS JOURNAL ON APPLIED ANALYTICS, Vol: 55, ISSN: 2644-0865
  • Journal article
    Wen H, Pinson P, 2025,

    Value-oriented forecast reconciliation for renewables in electricity markets

    , European Journal of Operational Research, ISSN: 0377-2217

    Forecast reconciliation is considered an effective method to achieve coherence (within a forecast hierarchy) and to improve forecast quality. However, the value of reconciled forecasts in downstream decision-making tasks has been mostly overlooked. In a multi-agent setup with heterogeneous loss functions, this oversight may lead to unfair outcomes, hence resulting in conflicts during the reconciliation process. To address this, we propose a value-oriented forecast reconciliation approach that focuses on the forecast value for all individual agents. Fairness is ensured through the use of a Nash bargaining framework. Specifically, we model this problem as a cooperative bargaining game, where each agent aims to optimize their own gain while contributing to the overall reconciliation process. We then present a primal-dual algorithm for parameter estimation based on empirical risk minimization. From an application perspective, we consider an aggregated wind energy trading problem, where profits are distributed using a weighted allocation rule. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through several numerical experiments, showing that it consistently results in increased profits for all agents involved.
  • Journal article
    Le Penru NP, Heath BE, Dunning J, Picinali L, Ewers RM, Sethi SSet al., 2025,

    Towards using virtual acoustics for evaluating spatial ecoacoustic monitoring technologies

    , Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 16, Pages: 108-125, ISSN: 2041-210X

    1. Small microphone arrays and sound-source localisation algorithms are increasingly prevalent in the passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of ecosystems. These technologies enable analysis of natural soundscapes' spatial features, yielding additional insights into biodiversity and ecosystem health. While many of these technologies have been evaluated in the field, there is a lack of controlled, repeatable methods to test them.2. We developed an ambisonic virtual sound environment (VSE) for simulating real natural soundscapes to evaluate spatial PAM technologies. We validated this novel approach using a PAM recorder with a six-microphone array, from which we extracted a typical suite of ecoacoustic metrics, including acoustic indices and avian species predictions and localisations from the software BirdNET and HARKBird, respectively. We first verified whether the VSE could replicate natural soundscapes well enough to test PAM technologies by comparing these metrics between field and VSE-based recordings. To pilot the VSE as an environment for testing PAM hardware, we assessed how orientation impacts the six-microphone array's performance by using the same suite of metrics to compare VSE recordings made with the array at various pitch angles. Finally, we piloted the VSE as a test platform for PAM software by investigating how BirdNET and HARKBird perform on bird calls added to the VSE-replicated soundscapes.3. While the VSE and field recordings had similarities in some metrics, including spectral composition and BirdNET predictions, ambisonics' perceptual bias and susceptibility to spatial aliasing limited the spatial analyses that could be undertaken. Our trials nonetheless revealed that device orientation impacts the performance of HARKBird and certain ecoacoustic indices, and that BirdNET and HARKBird perform best on louder, more directional bird calls.4. Our results demonstrate the potential for this approach, but highlight limitations to using an ambisonics-based VS
  • Journal article
    Rostami-Tabar B, Pinson P, Porter MD, 2025,

    Guest editorial: Forecasting for social good

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING, Vol: 41, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 0169-2070
  • Journal article
    Moreschini A, Scandella M, Astolfi A, Parisini Tet al., 2025,

    Moment Matching by Kernel-Based Learning

    , IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, ISSN: 0018-9286

    We introduce a kernel-based moment matching theory which relies upon a novel data-driven model reduction method that employs the estimation of moments within a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. We demonstrate that moment estimation can be enhanced by appropriately tuning the regularization term, regardless of the kernel choice. Additionally, we present conditions to ensure that the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space contains only functions which are bona fide moments. While exact moment matching with finite data is impractical in this scenario, we introduce the concepts of weak moment matching and moment matching almost everywhere onto the L<inf>2</inf>-space. Additionally, we address scenarios in which the dataset contains noisy measurements of outputs that are not yet in a steady-state, which typically biases the estimation due to the effect of the output transients. We further prove that estimating over a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space can ensure weak moment matching asymptotically and, with additional assumptions, also moment matching almost everywhere despite these transients. Finally, we provide a probabilistic bound that guarantees weak moment matching for an arbitrarily finite amount of data.
  • Journal article
    Xie R, Chen Y, Pinson P, 2025,

    Predict-and-Optimize Robust Unit Commitment With Statistical Guarantees Via Weight Combination

    , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, ISSN: 0885-8950

    The growing uncertainty from renewable power and electricity demand brings significant challenges to unit commitment (UC). While various advanced forecasting and optimization methods have been developed to better predict and address this uncertainty, most previous studies treat forecasting and optimization as separate tasks. This separation can lead to suboptimal results due to misalignment between the objectives of the two tasks. To overcome this challenge, we propose a robust UC framework that integrates forecasting and optimization processes while ensuring statistical guarantees. In the forecasting stage, we combine multiple predictions derived from diverse data sources and methodologies for an improved prediction, aiming to optimize the UC performance. In the optimization stage, the combined prediction is used to construct an uncertainty set with statistical guarantees, based on which the robust UC model is formulated. The optimal robust UC solution provides feedback to refine the weight used for combining multiple predictions. To solve the proposed integrated forecasting-optimization framework efficiently and effectively, we develop a neural network-based surrogate model for acceleration and introduce a reshaping method for the uncertainty set based on the optimization result to reduce conservativeness. Case studies on modified IEEE 30- bus and 118- bus systems demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.
  • Journal article
    Xiao LY, Ballou N, Eben C, 2025,

    Commentary: Prediction of problem gambling by demographics, gaming behavior and psychological correlates among gacha gamers: A cross-sectional online survey in Chinese young adults

    , Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol: 16
  • Journal article
    Xiao LY, Ballou N, Eben C, 2025,

    Fundamental Flaws in the Design and Reporting of Chew and Neo (2024)

    , Trends in Psychology, ISSN: 2358-1883

    Loot boxes are products inside video games that consumers can buy to obtain random rewards. They are prevalently implemented in contemporary video games, including in those deemed suitable for young children. Stakeholders (parents and policymakers) are concerned about their gambling-like nature and potential harms. An established line of research has found positive correlations between loot box spending and problem gambling and problem video gaming that justify stricter regulation. Chew and Neo (2024) also sought to explore these relationships and presented findings that were contrary to the prior literature. In principle, challenging our current knowledge using novel methods can improve the overall reliability of science and should always be encouraged. However, those methods must be sound. Unfortunately, Chew and Neo (2024) was fundamentally flawed due to a major error in its survey materials: in relation to the most important variable, they incorrectly instructed participants that the highly popular video game League of Legends did not contain loot boxes, which was factually incorrect, as the game did sell loot boxes. This significantly affected the accuracy of the data and the subsequent results and interpretation. Besides this fundamental error, the study also suffers from several other critical shortcomings that call its validity into question, including (i) measuring and relying upon an unreliable variable, (ii) potentially unjustified exclusion of participants, and (iii) the misuse of statistics. More proactive engagement with open science practices would have alleviated our concerns or even prevented these issues from arising in the first place. Our analyses suggest that the validity of the results in Chew and Neo (2024) may have been compromised and should be interpreted with caution for meta-analysis and policymaking purposes.
  • Book chapter
    Astolfi A, Scarciotti G, 2025,

    System Structure, Controllability and Observability

    , Encyclopedia of Systems and Control Engineering, Pages: V1-34

    The study of linear control systems in the state-space approach relies on the characterization of the input-to-state and state-to-output interactions. These are described via the so-called structural properties, which allow describing to what extent the internal state of the system can be manipulated by the selection of the input signal, and to what extent the internal state of the system can be learned from measurements of the output signal.
  • Book chapter
    Scarciotti G, Astolfi A, 2025,

    Model Reduction For Nonlinear Systems

    , Encyclopedia of Systems and Control Engineering, Pages: V1-647

    This article addresses the problem of model order reduction for nonlinear systems. Among the many possible approaches that can be described, we select nonlinear moment matching and nonlinear balancing because of their close relation with control theoretic concepts. We first reinterpret linear methods from a nonlinear perspective, then show how nonlinear methods naturally evolve as extensions of the linear results.
  • Conference paper
    Fagerström J, Meyer-Kahlen N, Schlecht SJ, Välimäki Vet al., 2025,

    PERCEPTUAL DECORRELATOR BASED ON RESONATORS

    , Pages: 214-221, ISSN: 2413-6700

    Decorrelation filters transform mono audio into multiple decorrelated copies. This paper introduces a novel decorrelation filter design based on a resonator bank, which produces a sum of over a thousand exponentially decaying sinusoids. A headphone listening test was used to identify the minimum inter-channel time delays that perceptually match ERB-filtered coherent noise to corresponding incoherent noise. The decay rate of each resonator is set based on a group delay profile determined by the listening test results at its corresponding frequency. Furthermore, the delays from the test are used to refine frequency-dependent windowing in coherence estimation, which we argue represents the perceptually most accurate way of assessing interaural coherence. This coherence measure then guides an optimization process that adjusts the initial phases of the sinusoids to minimize the coherence between two instances of the resonator-based decorrelator. The delay results establish the necessary group delay per ERB for effective decorrelation, revealing higher-than-expected values, particularly at higher frequencies. For comparison, the optimization is also performed using two previously proposed group-delay profiles: one based on the period of the ERB band center frequency and another based on the maximum group-delay limit before introducing smearing. The results indicate that the perceptually informed profile achieves equal decorrelation to the latter profile while smearing less at high frequencies. Overall, optimizing the phase response of the proposed decorrelator yields significantly lower coherence compared to using a random phase.
  • Journal article
    Shafique S, Zanchi S, Setti W, Gori M, Picinali Let al., 2025,

    Does spatialized audio enhance the creation of mental representations?

    , Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1662-4548

    Navigating unfamiliar environments without vision is a considerable challenge for blind individuals, as it requires constructing accurate cognitive maps. Binaural audio feedback, which delivers spatialized auditory cues, has been proposed as a means of enhancing spatial navigation by leveraging the auditory system's natural ability to localize sounds in three dimensions. This study investigated whether binaural audio feedback offers measurable advantages over non-spatialized feedback in supporting spatial perception and mental representation. Fourteen participants, seven blind individuals and seven blindfolded sighted individuals, explored controlled environments under both feedback conditions and reconstructed the layouts using LEGO models. Performance was evaluated through spatial correlation analysis and distance accuracy measures. Results revealed no significant differences between binaural and non-spatialized conditions for either group. These findings indicate that spatialization of descriptive audio alone may not be sufficient to enhance spatial representations, suggesting that factors such as prior training, task design, and integration with other sensory cues may be critical for unlocking the full potential of binaural audio in assistive navigation.
  • Journal article
    Greif T, Barumerli R, Ignatiadis K, Tóth B, Baumgartner Ret al., 2025,

    The role of spatial perception in auditory looming bias: neurobehavioral evidence from impossible ears

    , Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1662-4548

    Introduction: Spatial hearing enables both voluntary localization of sound sources and automatic monitoring of the surroundings. The auditory looming bias (ALB), characterized by the prioritized processing of approaching (looming) sounds over receding ones, is thought to serve as an early hazard detection mechanism. The bias could theoretically reflect an adaptation to the low-level acoustic properties of approaching sounds, or alternatively necessitate the sound to be localizable in space. Methods: To investigate whether ALB reflects spatial perceptual decisions or mere acoustic changes, we simulated ears that disrupted spectrospatial associations on the perceptual level while maintaining the original spectrospatial entropy on the acoustic level. We then assessed sound localization, ALB and distance ratings. Results: Compared to native ears, these novel ears impaired sound localization in both the direction and ego-centric distance dimensions. ALB manifestation also differed significantly between native and novel ears, as evidenced by behavioral discrimination performance and early cortical activity (N1 latency). Notably, the N1 electroencephalographic response closely resembled distance ratings, suggesting a strong link between spatial perception and ALB-related neural processing. Integrating this neural marker into a hierarchical perceptual decision-making model improved explanatory power, underscoring its behavioral relevance. Discussion: These findings suggest a strong link between the localizability of sounds and their ability to elicit ALB.
  • Journal article
    Chen L, Song Y, Guo J, Sun L, Childs P, Yin Yet al., 2025,

    How generative AI supports human in conceptual design

    , Design Science, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2053-4701

    Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) is a collection of AI technologies that can generate new information such as texts and images. With its strong capabilities, Generative AI has been actively studied in creative design processes. However, limited studies have explored the roles of humans and Generative AI in conceptual design processes, which leaves a gap for human–AI collaboration investigation. To address this gap, this study attempts to uncover the contributions of different Generative AI technologies in assisting humans in the conceptual design process. Novice designers were recruited to complete two design tasks in the condition of with or without the assistance of Generative AI. The results revealed that Generative AI primarily assists humans in the problem definition and idea generation stages, while the idea selection and evaluation stage remains predominantly human-led. Additionally, with the assistance of Generative AI, the idea selection and evaluation stages were further enhanced. Based on the findings, we discussed the role of Generative AI in human–AI collaboration and the implications for enhancing future conceptual design support with Generative AI’s assistance.
  • Conference paper
    Riesco IR, Lampret B, Myant C, Boyle Det al., 2025,

    5-axis Multi-material Desktop Additive Manufacturing of Conformal Antennas

    This paper describes the novel use of low-cost, 5-axis, multi-material additive manufacturing to fabricate functional, complex conformal antennas. Using a customised open source 5-axis desktop printer incorporating conductive filaments, conformal S-band patch and Ultra-Wide Band antennas were fabricated and compared against planar-printed counterparts and electromagnetic simulations. Results show the potential of the approach for superior impedance matching, reduced fabrication time, and cost savings; highlighting the applicability of multi-axis multi-material prototyping of antennas with complex geometries.
  • Conference paper
    Cui L, Yu H, Pinson P, Paccagnan Det al., 2025,

    Inverse Game Theory: An Incenter-Based Approach

    , Pages: 3805-3813, ISSN: 1045-0823

    Estimating player utilities from observed equilibria is crucial for many applications. Existing approaches to tackle this problem are either limited to specific games or do not scale well with the number of players. Our work addresses these issues by proposing a novel utility estimation method for general multi-player non-cooperative games. Our main idea consists in reformulating the inverse game problem as an inverse variational inequality problem and in selecting among all utility parameters consistent with the data, the so-called incenter. We show that the choice of the incenter can produce parameters that are most robust to the observed equilibrium behaviors. However, its computation is challenging, as the number of constraints in the corresponding optimization problem increases with the number of players and the behavior space size. To tackle this challenge, we propose a loss function-based algorithm, making our method scalable to games with many players or a continuous action space. Furthermore, we show that our method can be extended to incorporate prior knowledge of player utilities, and that it can handle inconsistent data, i.e., data where players do not play exact equilibria. Numerical experiments on three game applications demonstrate that our methods outperform the state of the art. The code, datasets, and supplementary material are available at https://github.com/cuilvye/Incenter-Project.
  • Book chapter
    Buchanan J, Allais S, Anderson M, Calvo RA, Peter S, Pietsch Tet al., 2025,

    The futures of work: what education can and can't do

    , Handbook on Education and the Labour Market, Pages: 141-164

    It is commonly asserted that education is crucial for meeting the challenges concerning the futures of work. But education cannot overcome deficient economic policies causing declining job quality, mass unemployment and rising under-employment. Instead of pre-occupation with so-called 21st-century skills and micro-credentials, greater recognition needs to be given to what education does best. That is, helping people master bodies of conceptual knowledge as well as relationships between bodies of knowledge, nurturing learning dispositions and equipping people with skills and capacities that support disciplined creativity and adaptive capacity. These qualities enable people to handle the challenges of climate change, changing life courses, artificial intelligence and data-ification. Education can also support new configurations of expertise made possible by new technologies. While education cannot solve most problems concerning the futures of work, there can be no solution to these problems without quality, enduring institutions supporting education and occupational coherence in the labour market.
  • Conference paper
    De Neufville R, Cardin MA, 2025,

    Climate adaption pathways for sea-level rise: case studies from Boston and the Netherlands

    , Pages: 61-68

    Climate change rise is having unprecedented impacts on the performance of our infrastructure for protection against sea level rise. This paper reports on the special aspects of designing for the adaptation to this challenge. Two case studies stress an essential aspect of this problem: it is not meaningful to define a specific requirement, or mission, for the design of any sea wall. Should it serve for until 2040, or 2045, or 2050 say? And then be adapted to for some future? If this is so, how do we plan for the adaptation? The case studies highlight the need to define plausible phasing and sequences of growth pathways, the range of uncertain evolutions of sea level rise, and their impact on the consequent choices of what to do when. Back figuring from these solutions, it becomes clear that we can improve overall performance by focusing on intermediate designs that we can adapt easily. Further improvement is possible if we invest in creating adaptability into original design. This observation blurs the distinction between adaptation and flexibility. The overall take-away is that flexibility and adaptability can be viewed as complementary in system design and management.
  • Conference paper
    Baker CE, Wang Z, Low L, Sharp D, Meng S, Ghajari Met al., 2025,

    Motorcyclist facial impact prevalence from novel analysis of Road Accident In-Depth Studies data

    , ISSN: 2235-3151
  • Conference paper
    Low L, Baker C, Dawber W, Meng S, Ghajari Met al., 2025,

    Reconstruction of 24 Real-World Motorcycle Collisions to Determine Facial Impact Conditions

    , ISSN: 2235-3151
  • Journal article
    Moreschini A, Bin M, Astolfi A, Parisini Tet al., 2025,

    A Generalized Passivity Theory Over Abstract Time Domains

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, Vol: 70, Pages: 2-17, ISSN: 0018-9286
  • Journal article
    Wang C, Pinson P, Wang Y, 2025,

    Seamless and Multi-Resolution Energy Forecasting

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, Vol: 16, Pages: 383-395, ISSN: 1949-3053
  • Journal article
    Pierrot A, Pinson P, 2025,

    Data Are Missing Again-Reconstruction of Power Generation Data Using <i>k</i>-Nearest Neighbors and Spectral Graph Theory

    , WIND ENERGY, Vol: 28, ISSN: 1095-4244
  • Journal article
    Wu H, Lu Z, Hill S, Turner Ret al., 2025,

    Microstructure Characterisation and Modelling of Pre-Forging Solution Treatment of 7075 Aluminium Alloy Using Novel Heating Methods

    , JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING, Vol: 9
  • Journal article
    Sassano M, Mylvaganam T, Astolfi A, 2025,

    OL-NE for LQ differential games: a Port-Controlled Hamiltonian system perspective and some computational strategies

    , Automatica, Vol: 171, ISSN: 0005-1098

    Linear Quadratic differential games and their Open-Loop Nash Equilibrium (OL-NE) strategies are studied with a threefoldobjective. First, it is shown that the state/costate lifted system (arising from the application of Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle)is such that its behavior restricted to the equilibrium subspace can be interpreted as the (non-power-preserving) interconnectionof two cyclo-passive Port-Controlled Hamiltonian systems. Such PCH systems constitute the best response generators for eachplayer, thus mimicking and extending the corresponding interpretation of (single-player) optimal control problems. Second, byrealizing that the behavior of the lifted dynamics off the equilibrium subspace is “irrelevant” for generating the equilibriumstrategies, it is shown that such an invariant subspace can be rendered, via a suitably constructed virtual input, externallyasymptotically stable while preserving the OL-NE. Finally, based on these premises we provide a closed-form gradient-descentmethod to solve the asymmetric coupled Riccati equations characterising the OL-NE strategies.
  • Journal article
    Wu J, Gao Z, Fu Z, Lin L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Peng L, Kang F, Guo Z, Titirici M-M, Zhao Y, Fan X, Li Bet al., 2025,

    Regulation of the cathode inner Helmholtz plane in dilute ether electrolytes using an electric-field-responsive solvent for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

    , Energy &amp; Environmental Science, ISSN: 1754-5692

    <jats:p>Herein, we demonstrate that the battery intrinsic electric field drives the specific adsorption of a weakly solvated co-solvent, DTS, to replace conventional DME in the IHP, enabling the desirable CEI chemistry on the 4.6 V LiCoO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> cathode.</jats:p>
  • Book chapter
    Vohra S, Childs PRN, 2025,

    Interplays Between Learning Theories

    , Design Science and Innovation, Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore, Pages: 57-71, ISBN: 9789819773626
  • Conference paper
    Shilov I, Le Cadre H, Busic A, Sanjab A, Pinson Pet al., 2025,

    Forecast Trading as a Means to Reach Social Optimum on a Peer-to-Peer Market

    , 11th International Conference on Network Games, Control and Optimization, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 121-130, ISSN: 0302-9743
  • Conference paper
    de Vargas JMR, Schneider A, Pinson P, Goebel Cet al., 2025,

    Data Sharing between Wind Energy Producers: Economic Incentives and Strategic Behavior

    , 16th International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems-E-Energy, Publisher: ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, Pages: 505-514

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