@article{Calvo:2016:10.1016/j.segan.2016.10.002,
author = {Calvo, JL and Tindemans, SH and Strbac, G},
doi = {10.1016/j.segan.2016.10.002},
journal = {Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks},
pages = {98--110},
title = {Incorporating failures of System Protection Schemes into power system operation},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2016.10.002},
volume = {8},
year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Thepower  transfer  capability  of  existing transmission networkscan be enhanced through the use of  automated  system  protection  schemes  (SPS),  which rapidly  respond  to  disturbances  on  the  networkto  keep the    system’s    variables    within    operational    bounds. However,   reliance on   such   schemes may   expose   the network  to large  impacts –including  blackouts –if  the SPS does  not  respond  as  designed,  so  the  deployment  of SPS   should balancerisks   and   benefits.This   paper formulates   a   risk-based   cost-benefit   framework that allows the operator to strike an optimal balance between constraint  costs  and  risks  of  demand  curtailment  due  to malfunctioning SPS. It is applied to a simple 4-bus power system  inspired  by  the  GB  network,  for  which  an  exact optimisation  problem  can  be  formulated.A  component-based dependability model is  developed  for  the  SPS  to determine its failure modes and associated probabilities. The  resulting  cost-minimisation  problem  is  solved  for  a range  of  operating  conditions  and  SPSreliability  levels. The results consistently show cost savings from the use of an  SPS,  even ifit  is  highly  unreliable,  when  a  hedging strategy  may  be  used. The  optimal  solution  is  highly sensitive    to    the problem    parameters,    but    it    is demonstratedthat   optimal   operational   strategies are associated  with particular  SPS  outcomes.This  finding may be used as empirical guidance to develop operational strategies for complex networks with unreliable SPS.
AU  - Calvo,JL
AU  - Tindemans,SH
AU  - Strbac,G
DO  - 10.1016/j.segan.2016.10.002
EP  - 110
PY  - 2016///
SN  - 2352-4677
SP  - 98
TI  - Incorporating failures of System Protection Schemes into power system operation
T2  - Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2016.10.002
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42030
VL  - 8
ER  - 

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