We describe a 9.5 kWe PEMFC-33 × 1500 F supercapacitor passive hybrid system using no DC/DC converter showing 5% efficiency gain over a non-hybrid system and mitigating 2 out of the 3 main fuel cell degradation mechanisms. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.083

We report an equivalent circuit model pseudo-3D electro-thermal model of a supercapacitor valid from -40 → +60°C, which retains physical meaning, which includes unequal entropy at the two electrodes and is used to predict internal temperatures during operation. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2015.11.001

We show that a hybridised system performs similarly to a specialised high power battery, but with lower temperature sensitivity. Battery current and energy throughput is reduced by over 80%, although degradation occurs at a similar rate for all systems tested. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.114

A primary challenge of gel electrolytes in development of flexible and wearable devices is their weak mechanical performances, including their compressive stress, tensile strength, and puncture resistance. Here we prepare an ionogel-mask hybrid gel electrolyte, which successfully achieves synergic advantages of the high mechanical strength of the mask substance and the superior electrochemical and thermal characteristics of the ionogel. The fabricated supercapacitor can maintain a relatively stable capacitive performance even under a high pressure of 3236 kPa. Meanwhile, with the good thermal stability of the composite gel electrolyte, the solid-state supercapacitor can be operated at high temperatures ranging from 25 ℃ to 200 ℃. The ionogel-mask hybrid gel can be superior tough gel electrolyte for solid-state flexible supercapacitors with durable advantages in both high temperatures and pressures.

3D-Printed Structural Pseudocapacitors. X. Liu, R. Jervis, R. C. Maher, I. J. Villar-Garcia, M. Naylor-Marlow, P. R. Shearing, M. Ouyang, L. Cohen, N. P. Brandon and B. Wu. Advanced Material Technologies. 2016.

Direct metal laser sintering is used to create 3D hierarchical porous metallic scaffolds which are then functionalized with a co-electrodeposition of MnO₂, Mn₂O₃, and doped conducting polymer. This approach of functionalizing metal 3D printed scaffolds thus opens new possibilities for structural energy storage devices with enhanced performance and lifetime characteristics.