Publications
360 results found
Alexander S, Southgate DFL, Bull AMJ, et al., 2013, The role of negative intraarticular pressure and the long head of biceps tendon on passive stability of the glenohumeral joint, JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 22, Pages: 94-101, ISSN: 1058-2746
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- Citations: 25
Cleather DJ, Goodwin JE, Bull AMJ, 2013, INTERSEGMENTAL MOMENT ANALYSIS CHARACTERIZES THE PARTIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF JUMPING AND JERKING, JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH, Vol: 27, Pages: 89-100, ISSN: 1064-8011
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- Citations: 21
Buckeridge E, Hislop S, Bull A, et al., 2012, Kinematic Asymmetries of the Lower Limbs during Ergometer Rowing, MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, Vol: 44, Pages: 2147-2153, ISSN: 0195-9131
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- Citations: 32
Newell N, Masouros SD, Ramasamy A, et al., 2012, Use of cadavers and anthropometric test devices (ATDs) for assessing lower limb injury outcome from under-vehicle explosions, 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 296-303
Lower extremities are particularly susceptible to injury in an under-vehicle explosion. Operational fitness of military vehicles is assessed through anthropometric test devices (ATDs) in full-scale blast tests. The aim of this study was to compare the response between the Hybrid-III ATD, the MiL-Lx ATD and cadavers in our traumatic injury simulator, which is able to replicate the response of the vehicle floor in an under-vehicle explosion. All specimens were fitted with a combat boot and tested on our traumatic injury simulator in a seated position. The load recorded in the ATDs was above the tolerance levels recommended by NATO in all tests; no injuries were observed in any of the 3 cadaveric specimens. The Hybrid-III produced higher peak forces than the MiL-Lx. The time to peak strain in the calcaneus of the cadavers was similar to the time to peak force in the ATDs. Maximum compression of the sole of the combat boot was similar for cadavers and MiL-Lx, but significantly greater for the Hybrid-III. These results suggest that the MiL-Lx has a more biofidelic response to under-vehicle explosive events compared to the Hybrid-III. Therefore, it is recommended that mitigation strategies are assessed using the MiL-Lx surrogate and not the Hybrid-III.
Masouros SD, Newell N, Bonner TJ, et al., 2012, A standing vehicle occupant is likely to sustain a more severe injury than one who has flexed knees in an under-vehicle explosion: A cadaveric study, 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 289-295
The lower limb of military vehicle occupants has been the most injured body part due to undervehicle explosions in recent conflicts. Understanding the injury mechanism and causality of injury severity could aid in developing better protection. Therefore, we tested 4 different occupant postures (seated, brace, standing, standing with knee locked in hyper-extension) in a simulated under-vehicle explosion (solid blast) using our traumatic injury simulator in the laboratory; we hypothesised that occupant posture would affect injury severity. No skeletal injury was observed in the specimens in seated and braced postures. Severe, impairing injuries were observed in the foot of standing and hyper-extended specimens. These results demonstrate that a vehicle occupant whose posture at the time of the attack incorporates knee flexion is more likely to be protected against severe skeletal injury to the lower leg.
Donoghue CR, Rao A, Pizarro L, et al., 2012, Fast and accurate global geodesic registrations using knee MRI from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, Pages: 50-57, ISSN: 2160-7508
Registration is important for many applications in medical image analysis. Affine registration of knee MR images can suffer failures due to large anatomical and articulated pose variations. This work is demonstrated using 2743 MR images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) public access dataset. With such large datasets any manual interventions to aid registration success are not feasible and so full automation with high accuracy is of paramount importance. Additionally, computing exhaustive pairwise registrations across the OAI dataset is very computationally expensive. We present a sparse geodesic registration method that increases accuracy of pairwise registration and also enables fast online computation of registration. We then propose two novel methods to reduce registration error over the graph. Firstly we use all precomputed transformations to infer transformation errors for each edge, through assuming global registration cycle consistency across a sparse graph. In conjunction with this, we suggest fusing multiple successful registrations as a strategy to mitigate small errors in each transformation in the graph. It is shown that, in combination, these techniques achieve more accurate pairwise registration results than both geodesic registration and direct pairwise registration. This paper addresses accuracy of registrations, speed of online computation and is demonstrated on a large scale dataset. © 2012 IEEE.
Donoghue CR, Rao A, Bull AMJ, et al., 2012, Robust global registration through geodesic paths on an empirical manifold with knee MRI from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0302-9743
Accurate affine registrations are crucial for many applications in medical image analysis. Within the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset we have observed a failure rate of approximately 4% for direct affine registrations of knee MRI without manual initialisation. Despite this, the problem of robust affine registration has not received much attention in recent years. With the increase in large medical image datasets, manual intervention is not a suitable solution to achieve successful affine registrations. We introduce a framework to improve the robustness of affine registrations without prior manual initialisations. We use 10,307 MR images from the large dataset available from the OAI to model the low dimensional manifold of the population of unregistered knee MRIs as a sparse k-nearest-neighbour graph. Affine registrations are computed in advance for nearest neighbours only. When a pairwise image registration is required the shortest path across the graph is extracted to find a geodesic path on the empirical manifold. The precomputed affine transformations on this path are composed to find an estimated transformation. Finally a refinement step is used to further improve registration accuracy. Failure rates of geodesic affine registrations reduce to 0.86% with the registration framework proposed. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Amadi HO, Bull AMJ, Emery RJH, 2012, Development and validation of a model for quantifying glenohumeral ligament strains during function, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, Vol: 226, Pages: 461-468, ISSN: 0954-4119
Analysis of the function of glenohumeral ligaments (GHLs) during physical joint manipulations is hindered by an inability to adequately image these tissues during the movements. This restricts functional biomechanics studies only to the manoeuvres that may be replicated cadaverically. There is, however, a clinical imperative to be able to investigate complex manoeuvres that exacerbate symptoms but cannot be easily conducted physically in the laboratory. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm for a computer simulation model that allows the quantification of glenohumeral ligament lengths during function. Datasets of the humerus and scapula pair were segmented to provide individual surface meshes of the bones and insertion points of each glenohumeral ligament on both bones. An algorithm was developed in which the glenohumeral ligament attachment-to-attachment length was divided into two straight lines, plus an arc overlaying the spherical wrapping portions. The model was validated by simulating two classical cadaveric studies from the literature and comparing results. Predictions from the model were qualitatively similar to the results of the two cadaveric studies by a factor of 91.7% and 81.8%, respectively. Algorithm application will allow investigation of functional loading of the glenohumeral ligaments during simulated complex motions. This could then be used to provide diagnostic understanding and thus, inform surgical reconstruction.
Thompson SM, Reilly P, Emery RJH, et al., 2012, A comparison of the degree of retraction of full-thickness supraspinatus tears with the Goutallier grading system, JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 21, Pages: 749-753, ISSN: 1058-2746
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- Citations: 9
Amadi HO, Fogg QA, Ugbolue UC, et al., 2012, Reliability of a set of protractors for direct anatomical measurements around the glenoid and humeral head rims, Journal of Anatomy, Vol: 220, Pages: 525-528, ISSN: 0021-8782
Functional biomechanics studies of the glenohumeral (GH) soft tissues require an understanding of their sites of bony attachment. Anatomical positions of GH capsular structures have often been quantified relative to the rims of the glenoid and humeral head (HH). The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to quantify the reliability of a set of protractors that directly fit on to the glenoid and HH rims and (2) to use this to determine direct angular position referencing of landmarks and soft tissue attachment points. Three assessors independently used the protractors to assess nine prescribed landmarks on 30 dry bone specimens (15 glenoids and 15 HHs) recording the angular positions of the structures relative to the glenoid and HH. The collected data showed high levels of validity as indicated by the protractor’s intra‐ and inter‐assessor reliabilities: 98.2 and 98.7% for the glenoid component, and 96.2 and 96.5% for the humeral component, respectively. The device could be useful in anatomical studies, description of defects and pathologies on glenohumeral articulation, and planning of scapular reconstructive surgery.
Zhang KY, Wiktorowicz-Conroy A, Hutchinson JR, et al., 2012, 3D Morphometric and Posture Study of Felid Scapulae Using Statistical Shape Modelling, PLoS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
We present a three dimensional (3D) morphometric modelling study of the scapulae of Felidae, with a focus on thecorrelations between forelimb postures and extracted scapular shape variations. Our shape modelling results indicate thatthe scapular infraspinous fossa becomes larger and relatively broader along the craniocaudal axis in larger felids. We inferthat this enlargement of the scapular fossa may be a size-related specialization for postural support of the shoulder joint.
Southgate DFL, Cleather DJ, Weinert-Aplin RA, et al., 2012, The sensitivity of a lower limb model to axial rotation offsets and muscle bounds at the knee, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H - Journal of Engineering in Medicine, Vol: 226, Pages: 660-669, ISSN: 0954-4119
Soft tissue artifacts during motion capture can lead to errors in kinematics and incorrect estimation of joint angles and segment motion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shank segment axial rotation and knee rotator muscle bounds on predicted muscle and joint forces in a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb. A maximal height jump for ten subjects was analysed using the original motion data and then modified for different levels of internal and external rotation, and with the upper force bound doubled for five muscles. Both externally rotating the shank and doubling the muscle bounds increased the ability of the model to find a solution in regions of high loading. Muscle force levels in popliteus and tensor fascia latae showed statistically significant differences, but less so in plantaris, sartorius or gracilis. The shear and patellofemoral joint forces were found to be significantly affected by axial rotation during specific phases of the motion and were dependent on the amount of rotation. Fewer differences were observed when doubling the muscle bounds, except for the patellofemoral force and plantaris and sartorius muscle force, which were significantly increased in many of the jump phases. These results give an insight into the behaviour of the model and give an indication of the importance of accurate kinematics and subject-specific geometry.
Newell N, Masouros SD, Pullen AD, et al., 2012, The comparative behaviour of two combat boots under impact, Injury Prevention, Vol: 18, Pages: 109-112, ISSN: 1353-8047
Background Improvised explosive devices have become the characteristic weapon of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. While little can be done to mitigate against the effects of blast in free-field explosions, scaled blast simulations have shown that the combat boot can attenuate the effects on the vehicle occupants of anti-vehicular mine blasts. Although the combat boot offers some protection to the lower limb, its behaviour at the energies seen in anti-vehicular mine blast has not been documented previously.Methods The sole of eight same-size combat boots from two brands currently used by UK troops deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan were impacted at energies of up to 518 J, using a spring-assisted drop rig.Results The results showed that the Meindl Desert Fox combat boot consistently experienced a lower peak force at lower impact energies and a longer time-to-peak force at higher impact energies when compared with the Lowa Desert Fox combat boot.Discussion This reduction in the peak force and extended rise time, resulting in a lower energy transfer rate, is a potentially positive mitigating effect in terms of the trauma experienced by the lower limb.Conclusion Currently, combat boots are tested under impact at the energies seen during heel strike in running. Through the identification of significantly different behaviours at high loading, this study has shown that there is rationale in adding the performance of combat boots under impact at energies above those set out in international standards to the list of criteria for the selection of a combat boot.
Eftaxiopoulou T, Narayanan A, Dear JP, et al., 2012, A performance comparison between cricket bat designs, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART P-JOURNAL OF SPORTS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 226, Pages: 16-23, ISSN: 1754-3371
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- Citations: 3
Howitt P, Darzi A, Yang GZ, et al., 2012, Technologies for global health, The Lancet, Vol: 380, Pages: 507-535
Clarke SG, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, et al., 2012, A hierarchy of computationally derived surgical and patient influences on metal on metal press-fit acetabular cup failure, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 45, Pages: 1698-1704
Clarke SG, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, 2012, Validation of FE micromotions and strains around a press-fit cup: introducting a new micromotion technique, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 40, Pages: 1586-1596
Bull A, Cleather D, 2012, Includes a special section on musculoskeletal modelling of the lower limb, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 226, Pages: 659-659, ISSN: 0954-4119
Bull AMJ, Cleather DJ, 2012, Special issue on musculoskeletal modelling of the lower limb, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 226, Pages: 81-81, ISSN: 0954-4119
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2012, The development of lower limb musculoskeletal models with clinical relevance is dependent upon the fidelity of the mathematical description of the lower limb. Part 1: equations of motion, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 226, Pages: 120-132, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 13
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2012, The development of lower limb musculoskeletal models with clinical relevance is dependent upon the fidelity of the mathematical description of the lower limb. Part 2: patient-specific geometry, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 226, Pages: 133-145, ISSN: 0954-4119
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- Citations: 18
Alam M, Bull AMJ, Thomas RD, et al., 2011, Measurement of Rotational Laxity of the Knee In Vitro Comparison of Accuracy Between the Tibia, Overlying Skin, and Foot, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 39, Pages: 2575-2581, ISSN: 0363-5465
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- Citations: 21
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Phillip R, et al., 2011, The Modern "Deck-Slap" Injury-Calcaneal Blast Fractures From Vehicle Explosions, JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, Vol: 71, Pages: 1694-1698, ISSN: 0022-5282
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- Citations: 45
Majed A, Macleod I, Bull AMJ, et al., 2011, Proximal humeral fracture classification systems revisited, JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 20, Pages: 1125-1132, ISSN: 1058-2746
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- Citations: 76
Thompson SM, Reilly P, Emery RJ, et al., 2011, An anatomical description of the pennation angles and central tendon angle of the supraspinatus both in its normal configuration and with full thickness tears, JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 20, Pages: 899-903, ISSN: 1058-2746
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- Citations: 13
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros SD, et al., 2011, Evaluating the effect of vehicle modification in reducing injuries from landmine blasts. An analysis of 2212 incidents and its application for humanitarian purposes, ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 43, Pages: 1878-1886, ISSN: 0001-4575
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- Citations: 14
Cleather DJ, Goodwin JE, Bull AMJ, 2011, An Optimization Approach to Inverse Dynamics Provides Insight as to the Function of the Biarticular Muscles During Vertical Jumping (vol 39, pg 147, 2011), ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 39, Pages: 2476-2478, ISSN: 0090-6964
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- Citations: 13
Modenese L, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, 2011, An open source lower limb model: Hip joint validation, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 44, Pages: 2185-2193, ISSN: 0021-9290
Prinold JAI, Shaheen AF, Bull AMJ, 2011, Skin-fixed scapula trackers: A comparison of two dynamic methods across a range of calibration positions, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 44, Pages: 2004-2007, ISSN: 0021-9290
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- Citations: 43
Cleather DJ, Bull AMJ, 2011, An Optimization-Based Simultaneous Approach to the Determination of Muscular, Ligamentous, and Joint Contact Forces Provides Insight into Musculoligamentous Interaction, ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 39, Pages: 1925-1934, ISSN: 0090-6964
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- Citations: 24
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