Publications
358 results found
Johnson GR, Bull A, Holt C, 2009, SPECIAL SECTION ON ENGINEERING THE UPPER LIMB, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 223, Pages: I-I, ISSN: 0954-4119
Amadi HO, Majed A, Emery RJH, et al., 2009, A humeral coordinate system for in vivo 3-D kinematics of the Glenohumeral joint, Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, Vol: 12, Pages: 169-174, ISSN: 0218-9577
The aim of this study was to define axes from clearly identifiable landmarks on the proximal aspect of the humerus and to compare these for reasonable best alternatives to the use of the humeral canal and elbow epicondylar axes to define a humeral coordinate frame (HCF). The elbow epicondylar axis (EC) and six different humeral canal axes (HC) based on varying lengths of humerus were quantified from 21 computed tomography (CT) scans of humeri. Six additional axes were defined using the proximal humerus only. These included a line from the center of a sphere fit on the humeral head to the 3D surface area centroid of the greater tubercle region, (GT). The inclinations of these axes relative to EC were calculated. GT was found to be the most closely aligned to EC (13.4° ± 6.8°). The inclinations of the other axes ranged from 36.3° to 86.8°. The HC axis orientation was found to be insensitive to humeral shaft lengths (variability, within average: 0.6°). This was chosen as one of two axes for the HCF. It was also the most inter-subject related axis to EC with inclination standard deviation of ±1.8°. EC was therefore predicted from this such that if the superior axis [1 0 0] of an image scan is maintained and the humerus rotated to make its quantified HC align superiorly in the direction [0.98 0.01 0.01], then its EC axis lies laterally in the direction [0 0 1]. This study demonstrates that it is possible with confidence to apply an orthogonal coordinate frame to the humerus based on proximal imaging data only
Smith CD, Masouros S, Hill AM, et al., 2009, A biomechanical basis for tears of the human acetabular labrum, BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 43, Pages: 574-578, ISSN: 0306-3674
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- Citations: 26
Southgate DF, Hill AM, Alexander S, et al., 2009, The range of axial rotation of the glenohumeral joint., J Biomech, Vol: 42, Pages: 1307-1312, ISSN: 1873-2380
There is a paucity of data in the literature on the restraining effects of the glenohumeral (GH) ligaments; cadaveric testing is one of the best methods for determining the function of these types of tissues. The aim of this work was to commission a custom-made six degrees of freedom (dof) joint loading apparatus and to establish a protocol for laxity testing of cadaveric shoulder specimens. Nine cadaveric shoulder specimens were used in this study and each specimen had all muscle resected leaving the scapula, humerus (transected at mid-shaft) and GH capsule. Specimens were mounted on the testing apparatus with the joint in the neutral position and at 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees GH abduction in the coronal, scapula and 30 degrees forward flexion planes. For each orientation, 0-1 N m in 0.1 N m increments was applied in internal/external rotation and the angular displacement recorded. The toe-region of the moment-displacement curves ended at approximately +/-0.5 N m. The highest rotational range of motion for the joint was 140 degrees for +/-1.0 N m at 30 degrees GH abduction in the scapula plane. The range of motion shifted towards external rotation with increasing levels of abduction. The results provide the optimum loading regime to pre-condition shoulder specimens and minimise viscoelastic effects in the ligaments prior to laxity testing (>0.5 N m at 30 degrees GH abduction in any of the three planes). Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the GH capsuloligamentous complex has implications for modelling of the shoulder as well surgical planning and intervention.
Apsingi S, Bull AMJ, Deehan DJ, et al., 2009, Review: femoral tunnel placement for PCL reconstruction in relation to the PCL fibre bundle attachments, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 17, Pages: 652-659, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 21
Smith CD, Masouros SD, Hill AM, et al., 2009, The Compressive Behavior of the Human Glenoid Labrum May Explain the Common Patterns of SLAP Lesions, ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, Vol: 25, Pages: 504-509, ISSN: 0749-8063
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- Citations: 9
Rees L, Matthews A, Masouros SD, et al., 2009, Comparison of 1-and 2-Knot, 4-Strand, Double-Modified Kessler Tendon Repairs in a Porcine Model, JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, Vol: 34A, Pages: 705-709, ISSN: 0363-5023
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- Citations: 20
Apsingi S, Nguyen T, Bull AMJ, et al., 2009, A comparison of modified Larson and 'anatomic' posterolateral corner reconstructions in knees with combined PCL and posterolateral corner deficiency, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 17, Pages: 305-312, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 43
Kessler O, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2009, A method to quantify alteration of knee kinematics caused by changes of TKR positioning., Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 42, Pages: 665-670
Alexander S, Southgate DFL, Hill AM, et al., 2009, Tensile strength of superior labral repairs in the throwing position, Shoulder & Elbow, Vol: 1, Pages: 76-80
Masouros SD, Parker KH, Hill AM, et al., 2009, Testing and modelling of soft connective tissues of joints: a review, Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Vol: 44, Pages: 305-318
There is wealth of data from experimental and numerical methods of analysing and modelling soft connective tissues of joints. In recent years, the advances in computational and technological capabilities allowed for several aspects of the function and mechanical behaviour of soft connective tissues of joints to be explored. However, the nature of soft tissue poses a great challenge in characterising its material behaviour in a repeatable and physiologically or clinically relevant manner. This review article attempts to present, critique and suggest experimental and numerical methods that are associated with the function and mechanical response of soft connective tissues of joints.
McGregor AH, Patankar ZS, Bull AMJ, 2008, Do men and women row differently? A spinal kinematic and force perspective, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, Vol: 222, Pages: 77-83, ISSN: 1754-3371
Performance differences have been noted between male and female rowers; the aim of this study was to determine if these are due to differences in rowing technique. An electromagnetic motion measurement device in conjunction with a load cell was used to compare the ergometer rowing kinematics of female and male elite national rowers.Male rowers generated significantly greater peak force during the stroke, (p < 0.0001) and greater power. Although there was no difference in stroke length, females demonstrated a more optimal lumbopelvic rhythm due to a greater anterior pelvic rotation during the stroke (p < 0.05). This is likely to account for the lack of difference in stroke length. In conclusion, gender differences do exist in kinematic parameters of rowing technique. With a greater mass and height, the male athletes are more powerful than the females; however, females appear to optimize their kinematics in an attempt to enhance performance.
Mackenzie HAM, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH, 2008, Changes in rowing technique over a routine one hour low intensity high volume training session, JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE, Vol: 7, Pages: 486-491, ISSN: 1303-2968
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- Citations: 15
Masouros SD, McDermott ID, Amis AA, et al., 2008, Biomechanics of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct of the knee, KNEE SURG SPORT TR A, Vol: 16, Pages: 1121-1132, ISSN: 0942-2056
The menisci of the knee act primarily to redistribute contact force across the tibio-femoral articulation. This meniscal function is achieved through a combination of the material, geometry and attachments of the menisci. The main ligaments that attach the menisci to the tibia (insertional ligaments, deep medial collateral ligament), the femur (meniscofemoral ligaments, deep medial collateral ligament) and each other (the anterior intermeniscal ligament) are the means by which the contact force between tibia and femur is distributed into hoop stresses in the menisci to reduce contact pressure at the joint. This means that the functional biomechanics of the menisci cannot be considered in isolation and should be considered as the functional biomechanics of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct. This article presents the current knowledge on the anatomy and functional biomechanics of the meniscus and its associated ligaments. Much is known about the function of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct; however, there still remain significant gaps in the literature in terms of the properties of the anterior intermeniscal ligament and its function, the properties of the insertional ligaments, and the most appropriate ways to reconstruct meniscal function surgically.
Amadi HO, Gupte CM, Lie DTT, et al., 2008, A biomechanical study of the meniscofemoral ligaments and their contribution to contact pressure reduction in the knee, Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, Vol: 16, Pages: 1004-1008, ISSN: 0942-2056
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) of the human knee assist the lateral meniscal function in reducing tibiofemoral contact pressure. Five human cadaveric knee joints were loaded in axial compression in extension using a 4-degree of freedom rig in a universal materials testing machine. Contact pressures pre- and post-sectioning of the MFLs were measured using pressure sensitive film. Sectioning the MFLs increased the contact pressure significantly in the joints for two of the four measures. In addition to their known function in assisting the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) to resist tibiofemoral posterior drawer, the MFLs also have a significant role in reducing contact stresses in the lateral compartment. Their retention in PCL and meniscal surgery is therefore to be advised.
Smith CD, Masouros S, Hill AM, et al., 2008, Mechanical testing of intra-articular tissues. Relating experiments to physiological function, CURRENT ORTHOPAEDICS, Vol: 22, Pages: 341-348, ISSN: 0268-0890
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- Citations: 6
Alpay E, Ahearn AL, Graham RH, et al., 2008, Student enthusiasm for engineering: charting changes in student aspirations and motivation, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol: 33, Pages: 573-585
Many recent teaching initiatives in engineering education have the underlying premise of improving student engagement with global issues and providing first-hand experience of complex problems associated with sustainable development and production. A greater understanding of actual motivational drivers may help in student recruitment and retention, and address, e.g. gender disparity. In this work, student motivations and aspirations are explored through a cross-faculty survey of undergraduate engineering students. The results indicate that while many students start an engineering degree with an aspiration to 'invent something new' and 'make a difference to the world', these diminish with time to be dominated by issues such as financial security. Students who continue to aspire to the creative/high-impact notions of engineering also maintain an enthusiasm for engineering. However, all students desire more practical work and skills training. Based on these findings, some general recommendations are given for further inspiring students towards engineering.
Bull AMJ, Kessler O, Alam M, et al., 2008, Changes in knee kinematics reflect the articular geometry after arthroplasty, CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, Vol: 466, Pages: 2491-2499, ISSN: 0009-921X
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- Citations: 92
Hopkins AR, Hansen UN, Bull AM, et al., 2008, Fixation of the reversed shoulder prosthesis, J Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2008
Amadi HO, Hansen UN, Wallace AL, et al., 2008, A scapular coordinate frame for clinical and kinematic analyses, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 41, Pages: 2144-2149, ISSN: 0021-9290
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- Citations: 9
Amadi HO, Sanghavi SM, Kamineni S, et al., 2008, Definition of the capsular insertion plane on the proximal humerus, Journal of Anatomy, Vol: 212, Pages: 863-867, ISSN: 0021-8782
The aim of this work was quantitatively to establish the relationship between the plane that hosts the humeral head lateral margin (anatomical neck) and that of the capsular insertion. Eight cadaveric shoulders were used. These were dissected, exposing the humeral head margin and the root of the capsular humeral insertion to extract digitally their outlines using a mechanical 3‐d digitizer. The datasets of the digitized outlines were applied and the geometric planes they best fitted mathematically calculated. Vector analysis techniques were finally applied to the two planes to quantify the relationship between them. The humeral head margin is circular (± 2.2% of radius), having each of its outlining points on the same plane (within ± 1.5 mm.) The capsular attachment outlining points also insert on a plane (± 1.4 mm). The two planes are related to one another by an inclination of 14.5 ± 3.6°. The relationship described here would allow for in vivo prediction of humeral attachment of capsular structures by using radiological datasets of the anatomical neck. This would be useful in patient‐specific modelling to study and understand the glenohumeral ligament kinematics during clinical examinations and to plan surgical reconstructive procedures.
Hill AM, Hoerning EJ, Brook K, et al., 2008, Collagenous microstructure of the glenoid labrum and biceps anchor., J Anat, Vol: 212, Pages: 853-862, ISSN: 1469-7580
The glenoid labrum is a significant passive stabilizer of the shoulder joint. However, its microstructural form remains largely unappreciated, particularly in the context of its variety of functions. The focus of labral microscopy has often been histology and, as such, there is very little appreciation of collagen composition and arrangement of the labrum, and hence the micromechanics of the structure. On transmission electron microscopy, significant differences in diameter, area and perimeter were noted in the two gross histological groups of collagen fibril visualized; this suggests a heterogeneous collagenous composition with potentially distinct mechanical function. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated three distinct zones of interest: a superficial mesh, a dense circumferential braided core potentially able to accommodate hoop stresses, and a loosely packed peri-core zone. Confocal microscopy revealed an articular surface fine fibrillar mesh potentially able to reduce surface friction, bundles of circumferential encapsulated fibres in the bulk of the tissue, and bone anchoring fibres at the osseous interface. Varying microstructure throughout the depth of the labrum suggests a role in accommodating different types of loading. An understanding of the labral microstructure can lead to development of hypotheses based upon an appreciation of this component of material property. This may aid an educated approach to surgical timing and repair.
McDermott ID, Lie DTT, Edwards A, et al., 2008, The effects of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation techniques on tibio-femoral contact pressures, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 16, Pages: 553-560, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 78
Amadi HO, Banerjee S, Hansen UN, et al., 2008, A optimised method for quantifying glenoid orientation, International Journal of Shoulder Surgery, Vol: 2, Pages: 25-29, ISSN: 0973-6042
A robust quantification method is essential for inter-subject glenoid comparison and planning of total shoulder arthroplasty. This study compared various scapular and glenoid axes with each other in order to optimally define the most appropriate method of quantifying glenoid version and inclination.Six glenoid and eight scapular axes were defined and quantified from identifiable landmarks of twenty-one scapular image scans. Pathology independency and insensitivity of each axis to inter-subject morphological variation within its region was tested. Glenoid version and inclination were calculated using the best axes from the two regions.The best glenoid axis was the normal to a least-square plane fit on the glenoid rim, directed approximately medio-laterally. The best scapular axis was the normal to a plane formed by the spine root and lateral border ridge. Glenoid inclination was 15.7° ± 5.1° superiorly and version was 4.9° ± 6.1°, retroversion.The choice of axes in the present technique makes it insensitive to pathology and scapular morphological variabilities. Its application would effectively improve inter-subject glenoid version comparison, surgical planning and design of prostheses for shoulder arthroplasty.
Apsingi S, Nguyen T, Bull AMJ, et al., 2008, Control of laxity in knees with combined posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner deficiency - Comparison of single-bundle versus double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with modified Larson posterolateral corner reconstruction, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 36, Pages: 487-494, ISSN: 0363-5465
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- Citations: 47
Hill AM, Bull AMJ, Wallace AL, et al., 2008, Qualitative and quantitative descriptions of glenohumeral motion, GAIT & POSTURE, Vol: 27, Pages: 177-188, ISSN: 0966-6362
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- Citations: 24
Yang YM, Rueckert D, Bull AMJ, 2008, Predicting the shapes of bones at a joint: Application to the shoulder, COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 11, Pages: 19-30, ISSN: 1025-5842
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- Citations: 34
Apsingi S, Nguyen T, Bull AMJ, et al., 2008, The role of PCL reconstruction in knees with combined PCL and posterolateral corner deficiency, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 16, Pages: 104-111, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 21
Edwards A, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2008, The attachments of the anteromedial and posterolateral fibre bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament - Part 2: Femoral attachment, KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY, Vol: 16, Pages: 29-36, ISSN: 0942-2056
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- Citations: 134
Smith CD, Masouros SD, Hill AM, et al., 2008, Tensile properties of the human glenoid labrum, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Vol: 212, Pages: 49-54, ISSN: 0021-8782
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- Citations: 20
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