Publications
193 results found
Floud S, Blangiardo M, Clark C, et al., 2013, Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: a cross-sectional study, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Vol: 12
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- Citations: 86
Schikowski T, Adam M, Marcon A, et al., 2013, Effect of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and COPD- The multi-centre ESCAPE project, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0903-1936
Cai Y, Schikowski T, Carsin A-E, et al., 2013, Effect of air pollution on prevalence of chronic bronchitis symptoms-a cross-sectional analysis of 5 cohort studies, International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) Annual Conference 2013, Publisher: Environ Health Perspect
Gulliver J, de Hoogh K, Hansell A, et al., 2013, Development and Back-Extrapolation of NO<sub>2</sub> Land Use Regression Models for Historic Exposure Assessment in Great Britain, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 47, Pages: 7804-7811, ISSN: 0013-936X
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- Citations: 110
Mustapha BA, Briggs DJ, Hansell AL, 2013, Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in children in a low socio-economic status area of Nigeria, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 17, Pages: 982-988, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 15
Babisch W, Pershagen G, Selander J, et al., 2013, Noise annoyance - A modifier of the association between noise level and cardiovascular health?, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 452, Pages: 50-57, ISSN: 0048-9697
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- Citations: 131
Floud S, Blangiardo M, Clark C, et al., 2013, Heart disease and stroke in relation to aircraft noise and road traffic noise - The HYENA study, 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2013, INTER-NOISE 2013: Noise Control for Quality of Life, Vol: 6, Pages: 5056-5059
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- Citations: 2
Ashworth DC, Fuller GW, Toledano MB, et al., 2013, Comparative Assessment of Particulate Air Pollution, Exposure from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Emissions, Vol: 2013, ISSN: 1660-4601
Background. Research to date on health effects associated with incineration has found limited evidence of health risks, but many previous studies have been constrained by poor exposure assessment. This paper provides a comparative assessment of atmospheric dispersion modelling and distance from source (a commonly used proxy for exposure) as exposure assessment methods for pollutants released from incinerators. Methods. Distance from source and the atmospheric dispersion model ADMS-Urban were used to characterise ambient exposures to particulates from two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in the UK. Additionally an exploration of the sensitivity of the dispersion model simulations to input parameters was performed. Results. The model output indicated extremely low ground level concentrations of PM10, with maximum concentrations of <0.01 μg/m3. Proximity and modelled PM10 concentrations for both MSWIs at postcode level were highly correlated when using continuous measures (Spearman correlation coefficients ~ 0.7) but showed poor agreement for categorical measures (deciles or quintiles, Cohen’s kappa coefficients ≤ 0.5). Conclusion. To provide the most appropriate estimate of ambient exposure from MSWIs, it is essential that incinerator characteristics, magnitude of emissions, and surrounding meteorological and topographical conditions are considered. Reducing exposure misclassification is particularly important in environmental epidemiology to aid detection of low-level risks.
Hansell AL, Blangiardo M, Fortunato L, et al., 2013, Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: small area study., BMJ, Vol: 347, ISSN: 0959-535X
To investigate the association of aircraft noise with risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease in the general population.
Jacquemin B, Schikowski T, Carsin AE, et al., 2012, The Role of Air Pollution in Adult-Onset Asthma: A Review of the Current Evidence, SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 33, Pages: 606-619, ISSN: 1069-3424
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- Citations: 27
Laszlo HE, McRobie ES, Stansfeld SA, et al., 2012, Annoyance and other reaction measures to changes in noise exposure - A review, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 435, Pages: 551-562, ISSN: 0048-9697
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- Citations: 81
Li G, Best N, Hansell AL, et al., 2012, BaySTDetect: detecting unusual temporal patterns in small area data via Bayesian model choice, Biostatistics
Space–time modeling of small area data is often used in epidemiology for mapping chronic disease rates and by government statistical agencies for producing local estimates of, for example, unemployment or crime rates. Although there is typically a general temporal trend, which affects all areas similarly, abrupt changes may occur in a particular area, e.g. due to emergence of localized predictors/risk factor(s) or impact of a new policy. Detection of areas with “unusual” temporal patterns is therefore important as a screening tool for further investigations. In this paper, we propose BaySTDetect, a novel detection method for short-time series of small area data using Bayesian model choice between two competing space–time models. The first model is a multiplicative decomposition of the area effect and the temporal effect, assuming one common temporal pattern across the whole study region. The second model estimates the time trends independently for each area. For each area, the posterior probability of belonging to the common trend model is calculated, which is then used to classify the local time trend as unusual or not. Crucial to any detection method, we provide a Bayesian estimate of the false discovery rate (FDR). A comprehensive simulation study has demonstrated the consistent good performance of BaySTDetect in detecting various realistic departure patterns in addition to estimating well the FDR. The proposed method is applied retrospectively to mortality data on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in England and Wales between 1990 and 1997 (a) to test a hypothesis that a government policy increased the diagnosis of COPD and (b) to perform surveillance. While results showed no evidence supporting the hypothesis regarding the policy, an identified unusual district (Tower Hamlets in inner London) was later recognized to have higher than national rates of hospital readmission and mortality due to COPD by the National Health Service
Babisch W, Swart W, Houthuijs D, et al., 2012, Exposure modifiers of the relationships of transportation noise with high blood pressure and noise annoyance, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol: 132, Pages: 3788-3788, ISSN: 0001-4966
Mustapha BA, Blangiardo M, Briggs DJ, et al., 2011, Traffic Air Pollution and Other Risk Factors for Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol: 119, Pages: 1478-1482, ISSN: 0091-6765
Background: Association of childhood respiratory illness with traffic air pollution has beeninvestigated largely in developed but not in developing countries, where pollution levels are oftenvery high.Objectives: In this study we investigated associations between respiratory health and outdoor andindoor air pollution in schoolchildren 7–14 years of age in low socioeconomic status areas in theNiger Delta.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1,397 schoolchildren. Exposure to homeoutdoor and indoor air pollution was assessed by self-report questionnaire. School air pollutionexposures were assessed using traffic counts, distance of schools to major streets, and particulatematter and carbon monoxide measurements, combined using principal components analysis.Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine associations with reported respiratory health,adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Traffic disturbance at home (i.e., traffic noise and/or fumes evident inside the homevs. none) was associated with wheeze [odds ratio (OR) = 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.28–3.64], night cough (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.82), phlegm (OR = 1.49; 95% CI,1.09–2.04), and nose symptoms (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03–1.90), whereas school exposure to acomponent variable indicating exposure to fine particles was associated with increased phlegm (OR= 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09–1.75). Nonsignificant positive associations were found between cooking withwood/coal (OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 0.88–10.18) or kerosene (OR = 2.83; 95% CI, 0.85–9.44) andphlegm compared with cooking with gas.Conclusion: Traffic pollution is associated with respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren in adeprived area of western Africa. Associations may have been underestimated because of nondifferentialmisclassification resulting from limitations in exposure measurement.
Soler Artigas M, Wain LV, Repapi E, et al., 2011, Effect of five genetic variants associated with lung function on the risk of chronic obstructive lung disease, and their joint effects on lung function., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Vol: 184, Pages: 786-795
Genomic loci are associated with FEV1 or the ratio of FEV1 to FVC in population samples, but their association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not yet been proven, nor have their combined effects on lung function and COPD been studied.
Floud S, Vigna-Taglianti F, Hansell A, et al., 2011, Medication use in relation to noise from aircraft and road traffic in six European countries: results of the HYENA study, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, Vol: 68, Pages: 518-524, ISSN: 1351-0711
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- Citations: 65
Gulliver J, Morris C, Lee K, et al., 2011, Land Use Regression Modeling To Estimate Historic (1962-1991) Concentrations of Black Smoke and Sulfur Dioxide for Great Britain, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol: 45, Pages: 3526-3532, ISSN: 0013-936X
Land-use regression modeling was used to develop maps of annual average black smoke (BS) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations in 1962, 1971, 1981, and 1991 for Great Britain on a 1 km grid for use in epidemiological studies. Models were developed in a GIS using data on land cover, the road network, and population, summarized within circular buffers around air pollution monitoring sites, together with altitude and coordinates of monitoring sites to consider global trend surfaces. Models were developed against the log-normal (LN) concentration, yielding R2 values of 0.68 (n = 534), 0.68 (n = 767), 0.41 (n = 771), and 0.39 (n = 155) for BS and 0.61 (n = 482), 0.65 (n = 733), 0.38 (n = 756), and 0.24 (n = 153) for SO2 in 1962, 1971, 1981, and 1991, respectively. Model evaluation was undertaken using concentrations at an independent set of monitoring sites. For BS, values of R2 were 0.56 (n = 133), 0.41 (n = 191), 0.38 (n = 193), and 0.34 (n = 37), and for SO2 values of R2 were 0.71 (n = 121), 0.57 (n = 183), 0.26 (n = 189), and 0.31 (n = 38) for 1962, 1971, 1981, and 1991, respectively. Models slightly underpredicted (fractional bias: 0∼−0.1) monitored concentrations of both pollutants for all years. This is the first study to produce historic concentration maps at a national level going back to the 1960s.
Blangiardo M, Richardson S, Gulliver J, et al., 2011, A Bayesian analysis of the impact of air pollution episodes on cardio-respiratory hospital admissions in the Greater London area, STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH, Vol: 20, Pages: 69-80, ISSN: 0962-2802
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- Citations: 4
Blangiardo M, Hansell A, Richardson S, 2011, A Bayesian model of time activity data to investigate health effect of air pollution in time series studies, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 45, Pages: 379-386, ISSN: 1352-2310
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- Citations: 22
Mustapha A, Briggs D, Hansell A, 2011, Burden of Childhood Respiratory Illness and Indoor Air Pollution in the Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S151-S151, ISSN: 1044-3983
Hansell A, Blangiardo M, Morris C, et al., 2011, Association Between Black Smoke and SO<sub>2</sub> Air Pollution Exposures in 1971 and Mortality 1972-2007 in Great Britain, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S29-S29, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 2
Lee K, Morris C, Vienneau D, et al., 2011, Quantifying Changes in Population Exposures to Air Pollution in Great Britain From the 1960s to 1980s, Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S212-S212, ISSN: 1044-3983
Li G, Richardson S, Fortunato L, et al., 2011, Data mining cancer registries: retrospective surveillance of small area time trends in cancer incidence using BaySTDetect, Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference
Space-time modelling of small area data is often used in epidemiology for mapping temporal trends in chronic disease rates. For rare diseases such as cancers, data are sparse, and a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach is typically adopted in order to smooth the raw disease rates. Although there may be a general temporal trend which affect all areas similarly, abrupt changes may also occur in particular areas due to, for example, emergence of localized risk factor(s) or impact of a new health or screening policy. Detection of areas with “unusual” temporal patterns is therefore important to flag-up areas warranting further investigations.In this paper, we present a novel area of application of a recently proposed detection method, BaySTDetect, for short time series of small area data. Placed within the Bayesian model choice framework, BaySTDetect detects unusual time trends based on comparison of two competing space-time models. The first model is a straightforward multiplicative decomposition of the area effect and the temporal effect, assuming one single temporal pattern across the whole study region. The second model estimates a local time trend, independently for each area. An area-specific model indicator is introduced to select which model offers a better description of the local data. Classification of an area local time trend as “unusual” or not is based on the posterior mean of this model indicator, which represents the probability that the common trend model is appropriate for that area. An important feature of the method is that the classification rule can be fine-tuned to control the false detection rate (FDR). Based on previous simulation results, we present some further insights of the model specification in relation to the detection performance in practice. BaySTDetect is then applied to data on several different cancers collected by the Thames Cancer Registry in South East England to illustrate its potential in retrospectiv
Repapi E, Sayers I, Wain LV, et al., 2010, Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function, NATURE GENETICS, Vol: 42, Pages: 36-U51, ISSN: 1061-4036
Pulmonary function measures are heritable traits that predict morbidity and mortality and define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) in the SpiroMeta consortium (n = 20,288 individuals of European ancestry). We conducted a meta-analysis of top signals with data from direct genotyping (n <= 32,184 additional individuals) and in silico summary association data from the CHARGE Consortium (n = 21,209) and the Health 2000 survey (n < 883). We confirmed the reported locus at 4q31 and identified associations with FEV1 or FEV1/FVC and common variants at five additional loci: 2q35 in TNS1 (P = 1.11 x 10(-12)), 4q24 in GSTCD (2.18 x 10(-23)), 5q33 in HTR4 (P = 4.29 x 10(-9)), 6p21 in AGER (P = 3.07 x 10(-15)) and 15q23 in THSD4 (P = 7.24 x 10(-15)). mRNA analyses showed expression of TNS1, GSTCD, AGER, HTR4 and THSD4 in human lung tissue. These associations offer mechanistic insight into pulmonary function regulation and indicate potential targets for interventions to alleviate respiratory disease.
Floud S, Hansell A, Blangiardo M, et al., 2009, Medication use and transportation noise exposure, 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009, EURONOISE 2009 - Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol: 31
Mustapha A, Briggs D, Hansell A, 2009, Air Pollution and Risk Factors Related to Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren in the Niger-Delta, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S183-S183, ISSN: 1044-3983
Vigna-Taglianti F, Floud S, Hansell A, et al., 2009, Aircraft Noise Exposure and Use of Medication, 21st Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S237-S237, ISSN: 1044-3983
Best N, Hansell AL, 2009, Geographic Variations in Risk <i>Adjusting for Unmeasured Confounders Through joint Modeling of Multiple Diseases</i>, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 20, Pages: 400-410, ISSN: 1044-3983
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- Citations: 41
Hansell AL, Best NG, Rushton L, 2009, Lessons from ecological and spatial studies in relation to occupational lung disease, CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 9, Pages: 87-92, ISSN: 1528-4050
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- Citations: 1
Morris C, Hansell A, Gulliver J, et al., 2008, Constructing and Validating Modelled Concentration Surfaces for Black Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide Across GB, 1955-2001, 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Pages: S170-S170, ISSN: 1044-3983
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