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@article{Stanaway:2018:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6,
author = {Stanaway, JD and Afshin, A and Gakidou, E and Lim, SS and Abate, D and Abate, KH and Abbafati, C and Abbasi, N and Abbastabar, H and Abd-Allah, F and Abdela, J and Abdelalim, A and Abdollahpour, I and Abdulkader, RS and Abebe, M and Abebe, Z and Abera, SF and Abil, OZ and Abraha, HN and Abrham, AR and Abu-Raddad, LJ and Abu-Rmeileh, NME and Accrombessi, MMK and Acharya, D and Acharya, P and Adamu, AA and Adane, AA and Adebayo, OM and Adedoyin, RA and Adekanmbi, V and Ademi, Z and Adetokunboh, O and Adib, MG and Admasie, A and Adsuar, JC and Afanvi, KA and Afarideh, M and Agarwal, G and Aggarwal, A and Aghayan, SA and Agrawal, A and Agrawal, S and Ahmadi, A and Ahmadi, M and Ahmadieh, H and Ahmed, MB and Aichour, AN and Aichour, I and Aichour, MTE and Akbari, ME and Akinyemiju, T and Akseer, N and Al-Aly, Z and Al-Eyadhy, A and Al-Mekhlafi, HM and Alandab, F and Alam, K and Alam, S and Alam, T and Alashi, A and Alavian, SM and Alene, KA and Ali, K and Ali, SM and Alijanzadeh, M and Aliz},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6},
journal = {LANCET},
pages = {1923--1994},
title = {Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6},
volume = {392},
year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations.MethodsWe used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risk
AU  - Stanaway,JD
AU  - Afshin,A
AU  - Gakidou,E
AU  - Lim,SS
AU  - Abate,D
AU  - Abate,KH
AU  - Abbafati,C
AU  - Abbasi,N
AU  - Abbastabar,H
AU  - Abd-Allah,F
AU  - Abdela,J
AU  - Abdelalim,A
AU  - Abdollahpour,I
AU  - Abdulkader,RS
AU  - Abebe,M
AU  - Abebe,Z
AU  - Abera,SF
AU  - Abil,OZ
AU  - Abraha,HN
AU  - Abrham,AR
AU  - Abu-Raddad,LJ
AU  - Abu-Rmeileh,NME
AU  - Accrombessi,MMK
AU  - Acharya,D
AU  - Acharya,P
AU  - Adamu,AA
AU  - Adane,AA
AU  - Adebayo,OM
AU  - Adedoyin,RA
AU  - Adekanmbi,V
AU  - Ademi,Z
AU  - Adetokunboh,O
AU  - Adib,MG
AU  - Admasie,A
AU  - Adsuar,JC
AU  - Afanvi,KA
AU  - Afarideh,M
AU  - Agarwal,G
AU  - Aggarwal,A
AU  - Aghayan,SA
AU  - Agrawal,A
AU  - Agrawal,S
AU  - Ahmadi,A
AU  - Ahmadi,M
AU  - Ahmadieh,H
AU  - Ahmed,MB
AU  - Aichour,AN
AU  - Aichour,I
AU  - Aichour,MTE
AU  - Akbari,ME
AU  - Akinyemiju,T
AU  - Akseer,N
AU  - Al-Aly,Z
AU  - Al-Eyadhy,A
AU  - Al-Mekhlafi,HM
AU  - Alandab,F
AU  - Alam,K
AU  - Alam,S
AU  - Alam,T
AU  - Alashi,A
AU  - Alavian,SM
AU  - Alene,KA
AU  - Ali,K
AU  - Ali,SM
AU  - Alijanzadeh,M
AU  - Alizadeh-Navaei,R
AU  - Aljunid,SM
AU  - Alkerwi,A
AU  - Alla,F
AU  - Alsharif,U
AU  - Altirkawi,K
AU  - Alvis-Guzman,N
AU  - Amare,AT
AU  - Ammar,W
AU  - Anber,NH
AU  - Anderson,JA
AU  - Andrei,CL
AU  - Androudi,S
AU  - Animut,MD
AU  - Anjomshoa,M
AU  - Ansha,MG
AU  - Anto,JM
AU  - Antonio,CAT
AU  - Anwari,P
AU  - Appiah,LT
AU  - Appiah,SCY
AU  - Arabloo,J
AU  - Aremu,O
AU  - Amlov,J
AU  - Artaman,A
AU  - Aryal,KK
AU  - Asayesh,H
AU  - Ataro,Z
AU  - Ausloos,M
AU  - Avokpaho,EFGA
AU  - Awasthi,A
AU  - Quintanilla,BPA
AU  - Ayer,R
AU  - Ayuk,TB
AU  - Azzopardi,PS
AU  - Babazadeff,A
AU  - Badali,H
AU  - Badawi,A
AU  - Balakrishnan,K
AU  - Bali,AG
AU  - Ball,K
AU  - Bellew,SH
AU  - Banach,M
AU  - Banoub,JAM
AU  - Barac,A
AU  - Barker-Collo,SL
AU  - Bamighausen,TW
AU  - Barrero,LH
AU  - Basu,S
AU  - Baune,BT
AU  - Bazargan-Hejazi,S
AU  - Bedi,N
AU  - Beghi,E
AU  - Behzadifar,M
AU  - Behzadifar,M
AU  - Bejoy,Y
AU  - Bekele,BB
AU  - Bekru,FT
AU  - Belay,E
AU  - Belay,YA
AU  - Bell,ML
AU  - Bello,AK
AU  - Bennett,DA
AU  - Bensenor,IM
AU  - Bergeron,G
AU  - Berhane,A
AU  - Bemabe,E
AU  - Bemstein,RS
AU  - Beuran,M
AU  - Beyranvand,T
AU  - Bhala,N
AU  - Bhalla,A
AU  - Bhattarai,S
AU  - Bhutta,ZA
AU  - Biadgo,B
AU  - Bijani,A
AU  - Bikbov,B
AU  - Bilano,V
AU  - Bililign,N
AU  - Bin,Sayeed MS
AU  - Bisanzio,D
AU  - Biswas,T
AU  - Bjorge,T
AU  - Blacker,BF
AU  - Bleyer,A
AU  - Borschmann,R
AU  - Bou-Orm,IR
AU  - Boufous,S
AU  - Bourne,R
AU  - Brady,OJ
AU  - Brauer,M
AU  - Brazinova,A
AU  - Breitborde,NJK
AU  - Brenner,H
AU  - Briko,AN
AU  - Britton,G
AU  - Brugha,T
AU  - Buchbindet,R
AU  - Burnett,RT
AU  - Busse,R
AU  - Butt,ZA
AU  - Cahill,LE
AU  - Cahuana-Hurtado,L
AU  - Campos-Nonato,IR
AU  - Cardenas,R
AU  - Carreras,G
AU  - Carrero,JJ
AU  - Carvalho,F
AU  - Castaneda-Orjuela,CA R
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
EP  - 1994
PY  - 2018///
SN  - 0140-6736
SP  - 1923
TI  - Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
T2  - LANCET
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000449710900007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/64685
VL  - 392
ER  -

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