Publications
229 results found
Park P, Simmons RK, Prevost AT, et al., 2010, A Randomized Evaluation of Loss and Gain Frames in an Invitation to Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Effects on Attendance, Anxiety and Self-rated Health, JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 196-204, ISSN: 1359-1053
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- Citations: 10
Marcovecchio ML, Dalton RN, Turner C, et al., 2010, Symmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate, and the risk for microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes, ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD, Vol: 95, Pages: 119-124, ISSN: 0003-9888
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- Citations: 23
Marteau TM, French DP, Griffin SJ, et al., 2010, Effects of communicating DNA-based disease risk estimates on risk-reducing behaviours, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ISSN: 1469-493X
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- Citations: 248
Marteau TM, French DP, Griffin SJ, et al., 2010, Effects of communicating DNA-based disease risk estimates on risk-reducing behaviours, COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, ISSN: 1469-493X
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- Citations: 177
Marcovecchio ML, Dunger DB, Dalton RN, et al., 2009, Adolescent type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) The Adolescent type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial Research Group, BMC PEDIATRICS, Vol: 9
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- Citations: 3
Mcneill GBS, Brahmbhatt DH, Prevost AT, et al., 2009, In response, Clinical Medicine, Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1470-2118
Mcneill GBS, Brahmbhatt DH, Prevost AT, et al., 2009, Medicine at the sharp end response, CLINICAL MEDICINE, Vol: 9, Pages: 631-631, ISSN: 1470-2118
Paddison CAM, Eborall HC, Sutton S, et al., 2009, Are people with negative diabetes screening tests falsely reassured? Parallel group cohort study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomised controlled trial, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 339, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 26
McNeill GBS, Brahmbhatt DH, Prevost AT, et al., 2009, What is the effect of a consultant presence in an acute medical unit?, CLINICAL MEDICINE, Vol: 9, Pages: 214-218, ISSN: 1470-2118
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- Citations: 27
Marcovecchio ML, Dalton RN, Schwarze CP, et al., 2009, Ambulatory blood pressure measurements are related to albumin excretion and are predictive for risk of microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes, DIABETOLOGIA, Vol: 52, Pages: 1173-1181, ISSN: 0012-186X
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- Citations: 47
Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Simmons RK, Williams KM, et al., 2009, The ADDITION-Cambridge trial protocol: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of screening for type 2 diabetes and intensive treatment for screen-detected patients, BMC Public Health, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 1471-2458
BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes poses a major public health challenge. Population-based screening and early treatment for type 2 diabetes could reduce this growing burden. However, the benefits of such a strategy remain uncertain.Methods and designThe ADDITION-Cambridge study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of (i) a stepwise screening strategy for type 2 diabetes; and (ii) intensive multifactorial treatment for people with screen-detected diabetes in primary care. 63 practices in the East Anglia region participated. Three undertook the pilot study, 33 were allocated to three groups: no screening (control), screening followed by intensive treatment (IT) and screening plus routine care (RC) in an unbalanced (1:3:3) randomisation. The remaining 27 practices were randomly allocated to IT and RC. A risk score incorporating routine practice data was used to identify people aged 40–69 years at high-risk of undiagnosed diabetes. In the screening practices, high-risk individuals were invited to take part in a stepwise screening programme. In the IT group, diabetes treatment is optimised through guidelines, target-led multifactorial treatment, audit, feedback, and academic detailing for practice teams, alongside provision of educational materials for newly diagnosed participants. Primary endpoints are modelled cardiovascular risk at one year, and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity at five years after diagnosis of diabetes. Secondary endpoints include all-cause mortality, development of renal and visual impairment, peripheral neuropathy, health service costs, self-reported quality of life, functional status and health utility. Impact of the screening programme at the population level is also assessed through measures of mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, health status and health service use among high-risk individuals.DiscussionADDITION-Cambridge is conducted in a defined high-risk group accessible through primary ca
Kulkarni AA, Kingsbury SR, Tudzarova S, et al., 2009, Cdc7 Kinase Is a Predictor of Survival and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma, CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, Vol: 15, Pages: 2417-2425, ISSN: 1078-0432
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- Citations: 52
Marcovecchio ML, Dalton RN, Prevost AT, et al., 2009, Prevalence of Abnormal Lipid Profiles and the Relationship With the Development of Microalbuminuria in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, Vol: 32, Pages: 658-663, ISSN: 0149-5992
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of lipid abnormalities and their relationship with albumin excretion and microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population comprised 895 young subjects with type 1 diabetes (490 males); median age at the baseline assessment was 14.5 years (range 10–21.1), and median diabetes duration was 4.8 years (0.2–17). A total of 2,194 nonfasting blood samples were collected longitudinally for determination of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, and non-HDL cholesterol. Additional annually collected data on anthropometric parameters, A1C, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were available.RESULTS Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in females than in males (all P < 0.001). A significant proportion of subjects presented sustained lipid abnormalities during follow-up: total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/l (18.6%), non-HDL cholesterol >3.4 mmol/l (25.9%), TG >1.7 mmol/l (20.1%), and LDL cholesterol >3.4 mmol/l (9.6%). Age and duration were significantly related to all lipid parameters (P < 0.001); A1C was independently related to all parameters (P < 0.001) except HDL cholesterol, whereas BMI SD scores were related to all parameters (P < 0.05) except total cholesterol. Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were independently related to longitudinal changes in ACR (B coefficient ± SE): 0.03 ± 0.01/1 mmol/l, P = 0.009, and 0.32 ± 0.014/1 mmol/l, P = 0.02, respectively. Overall mean total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in microalbuminuria positive (n = 115) than in normoalbuminuric subjects (n = 780): total cholesterol 4.7 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.8 mmol/l (P = 0.04) and non-HDL cholesterol 3.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal study of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, sustained lipid abnormalitie
Baguley DM, Plydoropulou V, Prevost AT, 2009, Bone anchored hearing aids for single-sided deafness, CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Vol: 34, Pages: 176-177, ISSN: 1749-4478
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- Citations: 5
Loddo M, Kingsbury SR, Rashid M, et al., 2009, Cell-cycle-phase progression analysis identifies unique phenotypes of major prognostic and predictive significance in breast cancer, British Journal of Cancer, Vol: 100, Pages: 959-970, ISSN: 0007-0920
Multiparameter analysis of core regulatory proteins involved in G1–S and G2–M cell-cycle transitions provides a powerful biomarker readout for assessment of the cell-cycle state. We have applied this algorithm to breast cancer to investigate how the cell cycle impacts on disease progression. Protein expression profiles of key constituents of the DNA replication licensing pathway (Mcm2, geminin) and mitotic machinery (Plk1, Aurora A and the Aurora substrate histone H3S10ph) were generated for a cohort of 182 patients and linked to clinicopathological parameters. Arrested differentiation and genomic instability were associated with an increased engagement of cells into the cell division cycle (P<0.0001). Three unique cell-cycle phenotypes were identified: (1) well-differentiated tumours composed predominantly of Mcm2-negative cells, indicative of an out-of-cycle state (18% of cases); (2) high Mcm2-expressing tumours but with low geminin, Aurora A, Plk1 and H3S10ph levels (S–G2–M progression markers), indicative of a G1-delayed/arrested state (24% cases); and (3) high Mcm2-expressing tumours and also expressing high levels of the S–G2–M progression markers, indicative of accelerated cell-cycle progression (58% of cases). The active cell-cycle progression phenotype had a higher risk of relapse when compared with out-of-cycle and G1-delayed/arrested phenotypes (HR=3.90 (1.81–8.40, P<0.001)), and was associated with Her-2 and triple negative subtypes (P<0.001). It is of note that high-grade tumours with the G1-delayed/arrested phenotype showed an identical low risk of relapse compared with well-differentiated out-of-cycle tumours (HR=1.00 (0.22–4.46), P=0.99). Our biomarker algorithm provides novel insights into the cell-cycle state of dynamic tumour cell populations in vivo. This information is of major prognostic significance and may impact on individualised therapeutic decisions. Patients with an accelerated phen
Mann E, Prevost AT, Griffin S, et al., 2009, Impact of an informed choice invitation on uptake of screening for diabetes in primary care (DICISION): trial protocol, BMC Public Health, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 1471-2458
BackgroundScreening invitations have traditionally been brief, providing information only about population benefits. Presenting information about the limited individual benefits and potential harms of screening to inform choice may reduce attendance, particularly in the more socially deprived. At the same time, amongst those who attend, it might increase motivation to change behavior to reduce risks. This trial assesses the impact on attendance and motivation to change behavior of an invitation that facilitates informed choices about participating in diabetes screening in general practice. Three hypotheses are tested:1. Attendance at screening for diabetes is lower following an informed choice compared with a standard invitation.2. There is an interaction between the type of invitation and social deprivation: attendance following an informed choice compared with a standard invitation is lower in those who are more rather than less socially deprived.3. Amongst those who attend for screening, intentions to change behavior to reduce risks of complications in those subsequently diagnosed with diabetes are stronger following an informed choice invitation compared with a standard invitation.Method/Design1500 people aged 40–69 years without known diabetes but at high risk are identified from four general practice registers in the east of England. 1200 participants are randomized by households to receive one of two invitations to attend for diabetes screening at their general practices. The intervention invitation is designed to facilitate informed choices, and comprises detailed information and a decision aid. A comparison invitation is based on those currently in use. Screening involves a finger-prick blood glucose test. The primary outcome is attendance for diabetes screening. The secondary outcome is intention to change health related behaviors in those attenders diagnosed with diabetes. A sample size of 1200 ensures 90% power to detect a 10% difference in attenda
French DP, Eborall H, Griffin S, et al., 2009, Completing a postal health questionnaire did not affect anxiety or related measures: randomized controlled trial, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 74-80, ISSN: 0895-4356
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- Citations: 6
Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Sargeant LA, Prevost AT, et al., 2008, How much might cardiovascular disease risk be reduced by intensive therapy in people with screen-detected diabetes?, DIABETIC MEDICINE, Vol: 25, Pages: 1433-1439, ISSN: 0742-3071
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- Citations: 27
Park P, Simmons RK, Prevost AT, et al., 2008, Screening for type 2 diabetes is feasible, acceptable, but associated with increased short-term anxiety: A randomised controlled trial in British general practice, BMC Public Health, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1471-2458
BackgroundTo assess the feasibility and uptake of a diabetes screening programme; to examine the effects of invitation to diabetes screening on anxiety, self-rated health and illness perceptions.MethodsRandomised controlled trial in two general practices in Cambridgeshire. Individuals aged 40–69 without known diabetes were identified as being at high risk of having undiagnosed type 2 diabetes using patient records and a validated risk score (n = 1,280). 355 individuals were randomised in a 2 to 1 ratio into non-invited (n = 238) and invited (n = 116) groups. A stepwise screening programme confirmed the presence or absence of diabetes. Six weeks after the last contact (either test or invitation), a questionnaire was sent to all participants, including non-attenders and those who were not originally invited. Outcome measures included attendance, anxiety (short-form Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory-STAI), self-rated health and diabetes illness perceptions.Results95 people (82% of those invited) attended for the initial capillary blood test. Six individuals were diagnosed with diabetes. Invited participants were more anxious than those not invited (37.6 vs. 34.1 STAI, p-value = 0.015), and those diagnosed with diabetes were considerably more anxious than those classified free of diabetes (46.7 vs. 37.0 STAI, p-value = 0.031). Non-attenders had a higher mean treatment control sub-scale (3.87 vs. 3.56, p-value = 0.016) and a lower mean emotional representation sub-scale (1.81 vs. 2.68, p-value = 0.001) than attenders. No differences in the other five illness perception sub-scales or self-rated health were found.ConclusionScreening for type 2 diabetes in primary care is feasible but may be associated with higher levels of short-term anxiety among invited compared with non-invited participants.Trial registrationISRCTN99175498
Fanshawe TR, Prevost AT, Roberts JS, et al., 2008, Explaining behavior change after genetic testing: The problem of collinearity between test results and risk estimates, GENETIC TESTING, Vol: 12, Pages: 381-386, ISSN: 1090-6576
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- Citations: 17
Kellar I, Sutton S, Griffin S, et al., 2008, Evaluation of an informed choice invitation for type 2 diabetes screening, PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING, Vol: 72, Pages: 232-238, ISSN: 0738-3991
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- Citations: 22
Farmer AJ, Prevost AT, Hardeman W, et al., 2008, Protocol for SAMS (Support and Advice for Medication Study): A randomised controlled trial of an intervention to support patients with type 2 diabetes with adherence to medication, BMC Family Practice, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 1471-2296
BackgroundAlthough some interventions have been shown to improve adherence to medication for diabetes, results are not consistent. We have developed a theory-based intervention which we will evaluate in a well characterised population to test efficacy and guide future intervention development and trial design.Methods and DesignThe SAMS (Supported Adherence to Medication Study) trial is a primary care based multi-centre randomised controlled trial among 200 patients with type 2 diabetes and an HbA1c of 7.5% or above. It is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a two-component motivational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and volitional action planning to support medication adherence compared with standard care. The intervention is delivered by practice nurses. Nurses were trained using a workshop approach with role play and supervised using assessment of tape-recorded consultations. The trial has a two parallel groups design with an unbalanced three-to-two individual randomisation eight weeks after recruitment with twelve week follow-up. The primary outcome is medication adherence measured using an electronic medication monitor over 12 weeks and expressed as the difference between intervention and control in mean percentage of days on which the correct number of medication doses is taken. Subgroup analyses will explore impact of number of medications taken, age, HbA1c, and self-reported adherence at baseline on outcomes. The study also measures the effect of dispensing medication to trial participants packaged in the electronic medication-monitoring device compared with conventional medication packaging. This will be achieved through one-to-one randomisation at recruitment to these conditions with assessment of the difference between groups in self-report of medication adherence and change in mean HbA1c from baseline to eight weeks. Anonymised demographic data are collected on non-respondents. Central randomisation is carried out independently of
Naughton F, Prevost AT, Sutton S, 2008, Self-help smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis, ADDICTION, Vol: 103, Pages: 566-579, ISSN: 0965-2140
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- Citations: 49
Amin R, Widmer B, Prevost AT, et al., 2008, Risk of microalbuminuria and progression to macroalbuminuria in a cohort with childhood onset type 1 diabetes: prospective observational study, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 336, Pages: 697-701, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 126
Manjunath PS, Jayalakshmi TS, Dureja GP, et al., 2008, Management of lower limb complex regional pain syndrome type 1: An evaluation of percutaneous Radiofrequency thermal lumbar sympathectomy versus phenol lumbar sympathetic neurolysis - A pilot study, ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, Vol: 106, Pages: 647-649, ISSN: 0003-2999
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- Citations: 43
Kinmonth A-L, Wareham NJ, Hardeman W, et al., 2008, Efficacy of a theory-based behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in an at-risk group in primary care (ProActive UK): a randomised trial, LANCET, Vol: 371, Pages: 41-48, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 144
Mason D, Prevost AT, Sutton S, 2008, Perceptions of absolute versus relative differences between personal and comparison health risk, HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 87-92, ISSN: 0278-6133
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- Citations: 13
Hardeman W, Michie S, Fanshawe T, et al., 2008, Fidelity of delivery of a physical activity intervention: Predictors and consequences, PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH, Vol: 23, Pages: 11-24, ISSN: 0887-0446
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- Citations: 99
Wood A, Morris H, Emery J, et al., 2008, Evaluation of the MoleMate training program for assessment of suspicious pigmented lesions in primary care., Inform Prim Care, Vol: 16, Pages: 41-50, ISSN: 1476-0320
BACKGROUND: Pigmented skin lesions or 'moles' are a common presenting problem in general practice consultations: while the majority are benign, a minority are malignant melanomas. The MoleMate system is a novel diagnostic tool which incorporates spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis (SIAscopy) within a non-invasive scanning technique and utilises a diagnostic algorithm specifically developed for use in primary care. The MoleMate training program is a short, computer-based course developed to train primary care practitioners to operate the MoleMate diagnostic tool. OBJECTIVES: This pre-trial study used mixed methods to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a computer-based training program CD-ROM, developed to teach primary care practitioners to identify the seven features of suspicious pigmented lesions (SPLs) seen with the MoleMate system. METHOD: Twenty-five practitioners worked through the MoleMate training program: data on feature recognition and time taken to conduct the assessment of each lesion were collected. Acceptability of the training program and the MoleMate system in general was assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: The MoleMate training program improved users' feature recognition by 10% (pre-test median 73.8%, p<0.001), and reduced the time taken to complete assessment of 30 SPLs (pre-test median 21 minutes 53 seconds, median improvement 3 minutes 17 seconds, p<0.001). All practitioners' feature recognition improved (21/21), with most also improving their time (18/21). Practitioners rated the training program as effective and easy to use. CONCLUSION: The MoleMate training program is a potentially effective and acceptable informatics tool to teach practitioners to recognise the features of SPLs identified by the MoleMate system. It will be used as part of the intervention in a randomised controlled trial to compare the diagnostic accuracy and appropriate referral rates of practitioners using the MoleMate system with best practice in pr
Michie S, Hardeman W, Fanshawe T, et al., 2008, Investigating theoretical explanations for behaviour change: The case study of ProActive, PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH, Vol: 23, Pages: 25-39, ISSN: 0887-0446
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- Citations: 46
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