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@article{Reitsma:2017:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X,
author = {Reitsma, MB and Fullman, N and Ng, M and Salama, JS and Abajobir, A and Abate, KH and Abbafati, C and Abera, SF and Abraham, B and Abyu, GY and Adebiyi, AO and Al-Aly, Z and Aleman, AV and Ali, R and Al, Alkerwi A and Allebeck, P and Al-Raddadi, RM and Amare, AT and Amberbir, A and Ammar, W and Amrock, SM and Antonio, CAT and Asayesh, H and Atnafu, NT and Azzopardi, P and Banerjee, A and Barac, A and Barrientos-Gutierrez, T and Basto-Abreu, AC and Bazargan-Hejazi, S and Bedi, N and Bell, B and Bello, AK and Bensenor, IM and Beyene, AS and Bhala, N and Biryukov, S and Bolt, K and Brenner, H and Butt, Z and Cavalleri, F and Cercy, K and Chen, H and Christopher, DJ and Ciobanu, LG and Colistro, V and Colomar, M and Cornaby, L and Dai, X and Damtew, SA and Dandona, L and Dandona, R and Dansereau, E and Davletov, K and Dayama, A and Degfie, TT and Deribew, A and Dharmaratne, SD and Dimtsu, BD and Doyle, KE and Endries, AY and Ermakov, SP and Estep, K and Faraon, EJA and Farzadfar, F and Fei},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X},
journal = {LANCET},
pages = {1885--1906},
title = {Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X},
volume = {389},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background:The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed.Methods:We synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).Findings:Worldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24·2–25·7) for men and 5·4% (5·1–5·7) for women, representing 28·4% (25·8–31·1) and 34·4% (29·4–38·6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazz
AU  - Reitsma,MB
AU  - Fullman,N
AU  - Ng,M
AU  - Salama,JS
AU  - Abajobir,A
AU  - Abate,KH
AU  - Abbafati,C
AU  - Abera,SF
AU  - Abraham,B
AU  - Abyu,GY
AU  - Adebiyi,AO
AU  - Al-Aly,Z
AU  - Aleman,AV
AU  - Ali,R
AU  - Al,Alkerwi A
AU  - Allebeck,P
AU  - Al-Raddadi,RM
AU  - Amare,AT
AU  - Amberbir,A
AU  - Ammar,W
AU  - Amrock,SM
AU  - Antonio,CAT
AU  - Asayesh,H
AU  - Atnafu,NT
AU  - Azzopardi,P
AU  - Banerjee,A
AU  - Barac,A
AU  - Barrientos-Gutierrez,T
AU  - Basto-Abreu,AC
AU  - Bazargan-Hejazi,S
AU  - Bedi,N
AU  - Bell,B
AU  - Bello,AK
AU  - Bensenor,IM
AU  - Beyene,AS
AU  - Bhala,N
AU  - Biryukov,S
AU  - Bolt,K
AU  - Brenner,H
AU  - Butt,Z
AU  - Cavalleri,F
AU  - Cercy,K
AU  - Chen,H
AU  - Christopher,DJ
AU  - Ciobanu,LG
AU  - Colistro,V
AU  - Colomar,M
AU  - Cornaby,L
AU  - Dai,X
AU  - Damtew,SA
AU  - Dandona,L
AU  - Dandona,R
AU  - Dansereau,E
AU  - Davletov,K
AU  - Dayama,A
AU  - Degfie,TT
AU  - Deribew,A
AU  - Dharmaratne,SD
AU  - Dimtsu,BD
AU  - Doyle,KE
AU  - Endries,AY
AU  - Ermakov,SP
AU  - Estep,K
AU  - Faraon,EJA
AU  - Farzadfar,F
AU  - Feigin,VL
AU  - Feigl,AB
AU  - Fischer,F
AU  - Friedman,J
AU  - Ghiwot,TT
AU  - Gall,SL
AU  - Gao,W
AU  - Gillum,RF
AU  - Gold,AL
AU  - Gopalani,SV
AU  - Gotay,CC
AU  - Gupta,R
AU  - Gupta,R
AU  - Gupta,V
AU  - Hamadeh,RR
AU  - Hankey,G
AU  - Harb,HL
AU  - Hay,SI
AU  - Horino,M
AU  - Horita,N
AU  - Hosgood,HD
AU  - Husseini,A
AU  - Ileanu,BV
AU  - Islami,F
AU  - Jiang,G
AU  - Jiang,Y
AU  - Jonas,JB
AU  - Kabir,Z
AU  - Kamal,R
AU  - Kasaeian,A
AU  - Kesavachandran,CN
AU  - Khader,YS
AU  - Khalil,I
AU  - Khang,Y-H
AU  - Khera,S
AU  - Khubchandani,J
AU  - Kim,D
AU  - Kim,YJ
AU  - Kimokoti,RW
AU  - Kinfu,Y
AU  - Knibbs,LD
AU  - Kokubo,Y
AU  - Kolte,D
AU  - Kopec,J
AU  - Kosen,S
AU  - Kotsakis,GA
AU  - Koul,PA
AU  - Koyanagi,A
AU  - Krohn,KJ
AU  - Krueger,H
AU  - Defo,BK
AU  - Bicer,BK
AU  - Kulkarni,C
AU  - Kumar,GA
AU  - Leasher,JL
AU  - Lee,A
AU  - Leinsalu,M
AU  - Li,T
AU  - Linn,S
AU  - Liu,P
AU  - Liu,S
AU  - Lo,L-T
AU  - Lopez,AD
AU  - Ma,S
AU  - Abd,El Razek HM
AU  - Majeed,A
AU  - Malekzadeh,R
AU  - Malta,DC
AU  - Manamo,WA
AU  - Martinez-Raga,J
AU  - Mekonnen,AB
AU  - Mendoza,W
AU  - Miller,TR
AU  - Mohammad,KA
AU  - Morawska,L
AU  - Musa,KI
AU  - Nagel,G
AU  - Neupane,SP
AU  - Quyen,N
AU  - Nguyen,G
AU  - Oh,I-H
AU  - Oyekale,AS
AU  - Mahesh,PA
AU  - Pana,A
AU  - Park,E-K
AU  - Patil,ST
AU  - Patton,GC
AU  - Pedro,J
AU  - Qorbani,M
AU  - Rafay,A
AU  - Rahman,M
AU  - Rai,RK
AU  - Ram,U
AU  - Ranabhat,CL
AU  - Refaat,AH
AU  - Reinig,N
AU  - Roba,HS
AU  - Rodriguez,A
AU  - Roman,Y
AU  - Roth,G
AU  - Roy,A
AU  - Sagar,R
AU  - Salomon,J
AU  - Sanabria,J
AU  - Santos,IDS
AU  - Sartorius,B
AU  - Satpathy,M
AU  - Sawhney,M
AU  - Sawyer,S
AU  - Saylan,M
AU  - Schaub,MP
AU  - Schluger,N
AU  - Schutte,AE
AU  - Sepanlou,SG
AU  - Serdar,B
AU  - Shaikh,MA
AU  - She,J
AU  - Shin,M-J
AU  - Shiri,R
AU  - Shishani,K
AU  - Shiue,I
AU  - Sigfusdottir
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X
EP  - 1906
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 0140-6736
SP  - 1885
TI  - Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
T2  - LANCET
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000400973500025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49049
VL  - 389
ER  -

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