Imperial College London
Alternate

ProfessorAlisonHolmes

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease

Professor of Infectious Diseases
 
 
 
//

Contact

 

+44 (0)20 3313 1283alison.holmes

 
 
//

Location

 

8N16Hammersmith HospitalHammersmith Campus

//

Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Zhu:2022:cid/ciab869,
author = {Zhu, J and Holmes, A},
doi = {cid/ciab869},
journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases},
pages = {e1082--e1091},
title = {Changing patterns of bloodstream infections in the community and acute care across two COVID-19 epidemic waves: a retrospective analysis using data linkage},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab869},
volume = {75},
year = {2022}
}
Download

RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundWe examined the epidemiology of community- and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients across two epidemic waves.MethodsWe analysed blood cultures of patients presenting and admitted to a London hospital group between January 2020 and February 2021. We reported BSI incidence, as well as changes in sampling, case mix, healthcare capacity, and COVID-19 variants.Results34,044 blood cultures were taken. We identified 1,047 BSIs; 653 (62.4%) community-acquired and 394 (37.6%) hospital-acquired. Important changes in patterns were seen. Among community-acquired BSIs, Escherichia coli BSIs remained lower than pre-pandemic level during COVID-19 waves, however peaked following lockdown easing in May 2020, deviating from the historical trend of peaking in August. The hospital-acquired BSI rate was 100.4 per 100,000 patient-days across the pandemic, increasing to 132.3 during the first wave and 190.9 during the second, with significant increase seen in elective inpatients. Patients who developed a hospital-acquired BSI, including those without COVID-19, experienced 20.2 excess days of hospital stay and 26.7% higher mortality, higher than reported in pre-pandemic literature. In intensive care, the BSI rate was 421.0 per 100,000 patient-ICU days during the second wave, compared to 101.3 pre-COVID. The BSI incidence in those infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant was similar to that seen with earlier variants.ConclusionsThe pandemic and national responses have impacted the patterns of community- and hospital-acquired BSIs, in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Factors driving the observed patterns are complex. Infection surveillance needs to consider key aspects of pandemic response and changes in healthcare access and practice.
AU  - Zhu,J
AU  - Holmes,A
DO  - cid/ciab869
EP  - 1091
PY  - 2022///
SN  - 1058-4838
SP  - 1082
TI  - Changing patterns of bloodstream infections in the community and acute care across two COVID-19 epidemic waves: a retrospective analysis using data linkage
T2  - Clinical Infectious Diseases
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab869
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/75/1/e1082/6378783
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/91840
VL  - 75
ER  -
Download