Publications
278 results found
Creamer AW, Horst C, Dickson JL, et al., 2022, Growing small solid nodules in lung cancer screening: safety and efficacy of a 200 mm<SUP>3</SUP> minimum size threshold for multidisciplinary team referral, THORAX, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 1
George PM, Reed A, Desai SR, et al., 2022, A persistent neutrophil-associated immune signature characterizes post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae., Science Translational Medicine, Vol: 14, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 1946-6234
Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis occur in a proportion of individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through unknown mechanisms. We studied individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after recovery from acute illness. Individuals with evidence of interstitial lung changes at 3 to 6 months after recovery had an up-regulated neutrophil-associated immune signature including increased chemokines, proteases, and markers of neutrophil extracellular traps that were detectable in the blood. Similar pathways were enriched in the upper airway with a concomitant increase in antiviral type I interferon signaling. Interaction analysis of the peripheral phosphoproteome identified enriched kinases critical for neutrophil inflammatory pathways. Evaluation of these individuals at 12 months after recovery indicated that a subset of the individuals had not yet achieved full normalization of radiological and functional changes. These data provide insight into mechanisms driving development of pulmonary sequelae during and after COVID-19 and provide a rational basis for development of targeted approaches to prevent long-term complications.
Woznitza N, Ghimire B, Devaraj A, et al., 2022, Impact of radiographer immediate reporting of X-rays of the chest from general practice on the lung cancer pathway (radioX): a randomised controlled trial, THORAX, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 1
Dickson JL, Hall H, Horst C, et al., 2022, Utilisation of primary care electronic patient records for identification and targeted invitation of individuals to a lung cancer screening programme, LUNG CANCER, Vol: 173, Pages: 94-100, ISSN: 0169-5002
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- Citations: 3
Heriot DA, Stock CJW, Mumtaz Z, et al., 2022, IMPACT OF HIATUS HERNIA IN HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS - EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CENTRE, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society (BTS), Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A94-A94, ISSN: 0040-6376
Dickson JL, Hall H, Horst C, et al., 2022, Telephone risk-based eligibility assessment for low-dose CT lung cancer screening, THORAX, Vol: 77, Pages: 1036-1040, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 7
Hall H, Ruparel M, Quaife SL, et al., 2022, The role of computer-assisted radiographer reporting in lung cancer screening programmes, EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY, Vol: 32, Pages: 6891-6899, ISSN: 0938-7994
Nwankwo L, Periselneris J, Gilmartin D, et al., 2022, Predictors of adverse outcome in sarcoidosis complicated by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 157-+, ISSN: 1369-3786
Parris W, Philip K, Kaur-Gill N, et al., 2022, Effect of an immediate, remote smoking cessation intervention vs usual care among participants enrolled in lung health check: QuLIT2 study., Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Rennison-Jones C, Gerry S, Gupta G, et al., 2022, The Brainomix automated e-ILD CT algorithm outperforms forced vital capacity in predicting outcomes for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Leahy TA, Chauhan A, Nicholas V, et al., 2022, Responder status and long term outcomes of critically ill patients with ARDS receiving high dose steroids as rescue therapy in a specialist acute respiratory failure centre, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Batta R, Tornling G, Bengtsson T, et al., 2022, Non-interventional, retrospective, multi-center, follow-up study evaluating the effect of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist C21 on lung pathology in subjects previously hospitalised with COVID-19, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Sheeka A, Singaravelou A, Bartlett E, et al., 2022, COVID-Protected Pathways for Image Guided Lunc Cancer Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S305-S305, ISSN: 1556-0864
Zhang YZ, Sherlock S, Brambilla C, et al., 2022, Adenocarcinoma Grade Correlates with PD-L1 and TP53, but not EGFR/KRAS Status and Diagnostic Yield: Analysis of 346 Cases, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S516-S517, ISSN: 1556-0864
Zhang YZ, Nicholson AG, Ly F, et al., 2022, Prediction of Clinically Significant Pathological Upstaging in Resected Lung Cancer: Insight from COVID-19 Pandemic (1st wave), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S112-S114, ISSN: 1556-0864
Hewitt RJ, Bartlett EC, Ganatra R, et al., 2022, Lung cancer screening provides an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease, Thorax, Vol: 77, Pages: 1149-1151, ISSN: 0040-6376
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) can be incidentally detected in patients undergoing low-dose CT screening for lung cancer. In this retrospective study, we explore the downstream impact of ILA detection on interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis and treatment. Using a targeted approach in a lung cancer screening programme, the rate of de novo ILD diagnosis was 1.5%. The extent of abnormality on CT and severity of lung function impairment, but not symptoms were the most important factors in differentiating ILA from ILD. Disease modifying therapies were commenced in 39% of ILD cases, the majority being antifibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Dickson JL, Bhamani A, Quaife SL, et al., 2022, The reporting of pulmonary nodule results by letter in a lung cancer screening setting, LUNG CANCER, Vol: 168, Pages: 46-49, ISSN: 0169-5002
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- Citations: 4
Wu Y, Biswas D, Usaite I, et al., 2022, A local human Vδ1 T cell population is associated with survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer., Nat Cancer, Vol: 3, Pages: 696-709
Murine tissues harbor signature γδ T cell compartments with profound yet differential impacts on carcinogenesis. Conversely, human tissue-resident γδ cells are less well defined. In the present study, we show that human lung tissues harbor a resident Vδ1 γδ T cell population. Moreover, we demonstrate that Vδ1 T cells with resident memory and effector memory phenotypes were enriched in lung tumors compared with nontumor lung tissues. Intratumoral Vδ1 T cells possessed stem-like features and were skewed toward cytolysis and helper T cell type 1 function, akin to intratumoral natural killer and CD8+ T cells considered beneficial to the patient. Indeed, ongoing remission post-surgery was significantly associated with the numbers of CD45RA-CD27- effector memory Vδ1 T cells in tumors and, most strikingly, with the numbers of CD103+ tissue-resident Vδ1 T cells in nonmalignant lung tissues. Our findings offer basic insights into human body surface immunology that collectively support integrating Vδ1 T cell biology into immunotherapeutic strategies for nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Walsh SL, Sverzellati N, Brown KK, et al., 2022, Changes in Radiological Features in Patients with Progressive Fibrosing ILDs Treated with Nintedanib: A Sub-Study of The INBUILD Trial, International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: AMER THORACIC SOC, ISSN: 1073-449X
Vijayakumar B, Tonkin J, Devaraj A, et al., 2022, CT Lung Abnormalities after COVID-19 at 3 Months and 1 Year after Hospital Discharge, RADIOLOGY, Vol: 303, ISSN: 0033-8419
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- Citations: 57
Robbie H, Wells AU, Fang C, et al., 2022, Serial decline in lung volume parameters on computed tomography (CT) predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY, Vol: 32, Pages: 2650-2660, ISSN: 0938-7994
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- Citations: 4
Vijayakumar B, Boustani K, Ogger P, et al., 2022, Immuno-proteomic profiling reveals aberrant immune cell regulation in the airways of individuals with ongoing post-COVD-19 respiratory disease, Immunity, Vol: 55, Pages: 542-556.e5, ISSN: 1074-7613
Some patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 suffer respiratory symptoms that persist for many months. We delineated the immune-proteomic landscape in the airway and peripheral blood of healthy controls and post-COVID-19 patients 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. Post-COVID-19 patients showed abnormal airway (but not plasma) proteomes, with elevated concentration of proteins associated with apoptosis, tissue repair and epithelial injury versus healthy individuals. Increased numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes were observed in individuals with greater airway dysfunction, while increased B cell numbers and altered monocyte subsets were associated with more widespread lung abnormalities. 1 year follow-up of some post-COVID-19 patients indicated that these abnormalities resolved over time. In summary, COVID-19 causes a prolonged change to the airway immune landscape in those with persistent lung disease, with evidence of cell death and tissue repair linked to ongoing activation of cytotoxic T cells.
Flaherty KR, Wells AU, Cottin V, et al., 2022, Nintedanib in progressive interstitial lung diseases: data from the whole INBUILD trial, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 59, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 35
Creamer A, Horst C, Dickson J, et al., 2022, Quality assurance of radiology reporting in lung cancer screening: the role of a radiology review meeting, Publisher: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, Pages: S20-S20, ISSN: 0169-5002
Bartlett E, Kemp S, Darby M, et al., 2022, UK screening centre agreement on management of complex nodule management scenarios in lung screening, Publisher: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, Pages: S19-S20, ISSN: 0169-5002
Williams P, Buttery S, Mweseli R, et al., 2022, Immediate smoking cessation support vs usual care in smokers attending a targeted lung health check; the QuLIT trial, BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2052-4439
Objectives: Lung cancer screening programmes offer an opportunity to address tobacco dependence in current smokers. The effectiveness of different approaches to smoking cessation in this context has not yet been established. We investigated if immediate smoking cessation support, including pharmacotherapy, offered as part of a lung cancer screening programme, increases quit rates compared to usual care (Very Brief Advice to quit and signposting to smoking cessation services).Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomised controlled trial of current smokers aged 55-75 years attending a Targeted Lung Health Check (TLHC). On randomly allocated days smokers received either (1) immediate support from a trained smoking cessation counsellor with appropriate pharmacotherapy or (2) usual care. The primary outcome was self-reported quit rate at three months. We performed thematic analysis of participant interview responses.Results: Of 412 people attending between January and March 2020, 115(27.9%) were current smokers; 46% female, mean(SD) 62.4(5.3) years. Follow up data were available for 84 smokers. At 3 months quit rates in the intervention group were higher 14/48(29.2%) versus 4/36(11%) (2 3.98, p=0.04). Participant interviews revealed four smoking-cessation related themes; 1) Stress and anxiety, 2) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 3) Computerised tomography scans influencing desire to quit, 4) Individual beliefs about stopping smoking. Conclusion: The provision of immediate smoking cessation support is associated with a substantial increase in quit rates at three months. Further research is needed to investigate longer term outcomes and to refine future service delivery.
Maher TM, Brown KK, Kreuter M, et al., 2022, Effects of nintedanib by inclusion criteria for progression of interstitial lung disease, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 59, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0903-1936
The INBUILD trial investigated nintedanib versus placebo in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). We investigated decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in subgroups based on the inclusion criteria for ILD progression.Subjects had a fibrosing ILD other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and met these criteria for ILD progression within the 24 months before screening despite management deemed appropriate in clinical practice: Group A, relative decline in FVC ≥10% predicted; Group B, relative decline in FVC ≥5-<10% predicted with worsened respiratory symptoms and/or increased extent of fibrosis on HRCT; Group C, worsened respiratory symptoms and increased extent of fibrosis on HRCT only.In the placebo group, the rates of FVC decline over 52 weeks in Groups A, B and C, respectively, were -241.9, -133.1 and -115.3 mL·year-1 in the overall population (p=0.0002 for subgroup-by-time interaction) and -288.9, -156.2 and -100.1 mL·year-1 among subjects with a usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP]-like fibrotic pattern on HRCT (p=0.0005 for subgroup-by-time interaction). Nintedanib had a greater absolute effect on reducing the rate of FVC decline in Group A than Group B or C. However, the relative effect of nintedanib versus placebo was consistent across the subgroups (p>0.05 for heterogeneity).In conclusion, the inclusion criteria used in the INBUILD trial, based on FVC decline or worsening of symptoms and extent of fibrosis on HRCT, were effective at identifying patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs. Nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in FVC across the subgroups based on the inclusion criteria related to ILD progression.
Macaluso C, Boccabella C, Kokosi M, et al., 2022, Short-term lung function changes predict mortality in patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Respirology, Vol: 27, Pages: 202-208, ISSN: 1323-7799
Background and objectiveA proportion of patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) follow a progressive disease course despite immunosuppressive treatment. Little is known about predictors of mortality in fHP. We aimed to investigate the impact of short-term lung function changes in fHP on mortality.MethodsBaseline demographics for 145 consecutive patients with a multi-disciplinary team diagnosis of fHP, as well as baseline and 1-year follow-up of lung function, baseline echocardiographic findings, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and all-cause mortality were recorded. Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 5% and ≥10%, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥ 10% and ≥15% at 1 year were calculated. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to test for associations with mortality.ResultsBaseline lung function severity, age, presence of honeycombing on computed tomography (CT) and echocardiographic pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) ≥ 40 mm Hg were associated with early mortality, while BAL lymphocytosis was associated with improved survival. A decline in FVC ≥ 5% (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.10, 95% CI: 2.00–4.81, p < 0.001), FVC ≥ 10% (HR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.94–4.99, p < 0.001), DLCO ≥ 10% (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.78–4.42, p < 0.001) and DLCO ≥ 15% (HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.18–4.72, p < 0.001) at 1 year was associated with markedly reduced survival on univariable and multivariable analyses after correcting for demographic variables, disease severity, honeycombing on CT and treatment, as well as BAL lymphocytosis and PASP ≥ 40 mm Hg on echocardiography, in separate models.ConclusionWorsening in FVC and DLCO at 1 year, including a marginal decline in FVC ≥ 5% and DLCO&th
Sheeka A, Singaravelou A, Bartlett E, et al., 2022, COVID- protected pathways for image- guided lung cancer intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study, BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY, Vol: 96, ISSN: 0007-1285
Folgoc LL, Baltatzis V, Alansary A, et al., 2021, Bayesian analysis of the prevalence bias: learning and predicting from imbalanced data, Publisher: ArXiv
Datasets are rarely a realistic approximation of the target population. Say,prevalence is misrepresented, image quality is above clinical standards, etc.This mismatch is known as sampling bias. Sampling biases are a major hindrancefor machine learning models. They cause significant gaps between modelperformance in the lab and in the real world. Our work is a solution toprevalence bias. Prevalence bias is the discrepancy between the prevalence of apathology and its sampling rate in the training dataset, introduced uponcollecting data or due to the practioner rebalancing the training batches. Thispaper lays the theoretical and computational framework for training models, andfor prediction, in the presence of prevalence bias. Concretely a bias-correctedloss function, as well as bias-corrected predictive rules, are derived underthe principles of Bayesian risk minimization. The loss exhibits a directconnection to the information gain. It offers a principled alternative toheuristic training losses and complements test-time procedures based onselecting an operating point from summary curves. It integrates seamlessly inthe current paradigm of (deep) learning using stochastic backpropagation andnaturally with Bayesian models.
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