Publications
401 results found
Lathrop B, Bell R, Jackson C, et al., 2022, Displacement/length scaling relationships for normal faults; a review, critique, and revised compilation, Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2296-6463
The relationship between normal fault displacement (D) and length (L) varies due to numerous factors, including fault size, maturity, basin tectonic history, and host rock lithology. Understanding how fault D and L relate is useful, given related scaling laws are often used to help refine interpretations of often incomplete, subsurface datasets, which has implications for hydrocarbon and low-carbon energy applications. Here we provide a review of D/L scaling laws for normal faults, discuss factors that could influence these relationships, including both geological factors and errors in measurement, and provide a critique of previously published D/L databases. We then present our newly assembled database of 4059 normal faults from 66 sources that include explicit information on: 1) faultlength and displacement, 2) host rock lithology, 3) host basin tectonic history, and 4) maturity, as well as fault D and L through time when these data are available. We find an overall scaling law of D = 0.3L0.92, which is similar to previously published scaling equations and that varies in response to the aforementioned geological factors. Our data show thatsmall faults (<1 m length) tend to be over-displaced compared to larger faults, active faults tend to be over-displaced compared to inactive faults, and faults with stiffer host rock lithologies, like igneous and carbonate rocks, tend to be under-displaced with respect to faults within softer, more compliant host rocks, like clastic sedimentary rocks. Our dynamicD/L through time data show that faults follow the hybrid fault growth model, i.e., they initially lengthen, during which time they will appear under-displaced, before accumulating displacement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive, integrated, critical study of D/L scaling laws for normal faults and the factors influencing their growth. These revised relationships can now be utilized for predicting fault length or displacement when only one var
Joffe A, Jackson C, Steinberg J, et al., 2022, Origin and kinematics of a basin-scale, non-polygonal, layer-bound normal fault system in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean
<jats:p>Polygonal, layer-bound normal faults can extend over very large areas (>2,000,000 km2) of sedimentary basins. Best developed in very fine-grained rocks, these faults are thought to form during early burial in response to a range of diagenetic processes, including compaction and water expulsion. Local deviations from this idealised polygonal pattern are common; however, basin-scale, layer-bound faults with non-polygonal map-view are not well-documented and accordingly, their genesis is not well-understood. In this study we use 3D seismic reflection data, biostratigraphy, and well-logs from the Southern Levant Basin, offshore Israel, to develop an age-constrained seismic-stratigraphic framework and determine the geometry and kinematics of such basin-scale fault system. The faults tip-out downwards along an Eocene Unconformity, but unlike layer-bound faults in the Northern Levant Basin, they do not reach the base of the Messinian evaporites, instead tipping-out upwards at the top Langhian. On average, the faults in the Southern Levant Basin are 6.3 km long, have an average throw of 120 m, and consistently strike NW-SE. Throw-depth plots, accompanied by thickness changes, indicate the faults nucleated as syn-depositional faults in a mudstone-dominated unit, and are spatially and kinematically associated with a WSW-ESE-striking strike-slip fault. Unlike true polygonal faults, these faults propagated through ~2 km-thick sandstone-dominated Oligocene-Miocene strata. Whereas previous studies from the Northern Levant Basin associate fault nucleation and growth with burial-related diagenesis, the sandstone-dominated character of the Oligocene-Miocene suggests that this process cannot be readily applied to the Southern Levant Basin. Instead, we highlight potential tectonic events that occurred during and may have triggered thin-skinned extension at times of fault growth. Layer-bound normal faults therefore should be considered in the geodynamic and structu
Nugraha H, Jackson C, Johnson H, et al., 2022, How erosive are submarine landslides?
<jats:p>Submarine landslides (slides) are ubiquitous on continental margins. They can pose a major hazard by triggering tsunami and damaging essential submarine infrastructure. Slide volume, which is a key parameter in hazard assessment, can change after initiation through substrate and/or water entrainment. However, the erosive capacity of slides is uncertain. Here, we quantify slide erosivity by determining the ratio of deposited (Vd) to initially evacuated (Ve) sediment volumes. Slides that gain volume through erosion = Vd/Ve&gt;1. We apply this method to a large (500 km3), seismically imaged slide offshore NW Australia, and review Vd/Ve ratios for other large slides worldwide. Nine of the 11 slides have Vd/Ve&gt;1 (median value=2), showing that emplaced volumes increased after initial failure. The Gorgon Slide is the most erosive slide currently documented (Vd/Ve=13), possibly reflecting its passage across a highly erodible carbonate ooze substrate. This new approach to quantifying erosion is important for hazard assessments as substrate-flow interactions control slide speed and run-out distance. The variations in slide volume also have important implications for submarine infrastructure impact assessments, including more robust tsunami modelling.</jats:p>
Erdi A, Jackson CA-L, 2022, Salt-Detached Strike-Slip Faulting, Outer Kwanza Basin, Offshore Angola, TECTONICS, Vol: 41, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 2
Magee C, Kling C, Byrne P, et al., 2022, Seismic Reflection Data Reveal the 3D Subsurface Structure of Pit Craters, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS, Vol: 127, ISSN: 2169-9097
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- Citations: 2
Steventon M, Jackson C, Johnson H, et al., 2022, Evolution of a sand-rich submarine channel-lobe system and impact of mass-transport and transitional flow deposits on reservoir heterogeneity: Magnus Field, northern North Sea
<jats:p>The geometry, distribution, and rock properties (i.e. porosity and permeability) of turbidite reservoirs, and the processes associated with turbidity current deposition, are relatively well known. However, less attention has been given to the equivalent properties resulting from laminar sediment gravity-flow deposition, with most research limited to cogenetic turbidite-debrites (i.e. transitional flow deposits) or subsurface studies that focus predominantly on seismic-scale mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Thus, we have a limited understanding of sub-seismic MTDs ability to act as hydraulic seals and their effect on hydrocarbon production, and/or carbon storage and sequestration. We investigate the gap between seismically resolvable and sub-seismic MTDs and transitional flow deposits on long-term reservoir performance in this analysis of a small (<10 km radius submarine fan system), Late Jurassic, sandstone-rich stacked turbidite reservoir (Magnus Field, northern North Sea), which is supported by a relatively long (c. 37 years) and well-documented production history. We use core, petrophysical logs, pore fluid pressure, quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), and 3D seismic-reflection datasets to quantify the type and distribution of sedimentary facies and rock properties. A range of sediment gravity deposits are recognised: (i) thick-/thin- bedded, structureless and structured turbidite sandstone, constituting the primary productive reservoir facies (c. porosity = 22%, permeability = 500 mD), (ii) a range of transitional flow deposits, and (iii) heterogeneous mud-rich sandstone interpreted as debrites (c. porosity = <10%, volume of clay = 35%, up to 18 m thick). Results from this study show that over the production timescale of the Magnus Field, debrites act as barriers, compartmentalising the reservoir into two parts (upper and lower reservoir), and transitional flow deposits act as baffles, impact
Steventon M, Jackson C, Hodgson D, et al., 2022, Lateral variability of shelf-edge, slope and basin-floor deposits, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
<jats:p>Construction of continental margins is driven by sediment transported across the shelf to the shelf-edge, where it is reworked by wave-, tide- and river-influenced processes within deltas and flanking clastic shorelines. Stalling of continental margin progradation often results in degradation of the outer shelf to upper slope, with re-sedimentation to the lower slope and basin-floor via a range of sediment gravity-flows and mass-movement processes. Our understanding of how these processes contribute to the long-term development of continental margins has typically been limited to observations from broadly two-dimensional, subsurface and outcrop datasets. Consequently, the three-dimensional, particularly along-strike variability in process regime and margin evolution is poorly constrained and often underappreciated. We use a large (90 km by 30 km, parallel to depositional strike and dip, respectively) post-stack time-migrated 3D seismic-reflection dataset to investigate along-strike variations in shelf margin progradation and outer-shelf to upper-slope collapse in the Santos Basin, offshore SE Brazil. Early Palaeogene to Eocene progradation of the shelf margin is recorded by spectacularly imaged, SE-dipping clinoforms. Periodic failure of the outer-shelf and upper slope formed c.30 km-wide (parallel to shelf margin strike) slump scars, which resulted in a strongly scalloped upper slope. Margin collapse caused (1) the emplacement of slope-attached mass-transport complexes (MTCs) (up to ca. 375 m thick, 12+ km long, 20 km wide) on the proximal basin-floor, and (2) accommodation creation on the outer shelf to upper slope. This newly formed accommodation was infilled by shelf-edge-delta clinoforms (up to 685 m thick), that nucleated and prograded basinward from the margin-collapse headwall scarp, downlapping onto the underlying slump scar and/or MTCs. Trajectory analysis of the shelf-edge deltas suggests that slope degradation-created accommodation was gene
Pan S, Naliboff J, Bell R, et al., 2022, Bridging spatiotemporal scales of normal fault growth during continental extension using high-resolution 3D numerical models, G3: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: an electronic journal of the earth sciences, Vol: 23, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 1525-2027
Continental extension is accommodated by the development of kilometer-scale normal faults, which grow during meter-scale slip events that occur over millions of years. However, reconstructing the entire lifespan of a fault remains challenging due to a lack of observational data with spatiotemporal scales that span the early stage (<106 yrs) of fault growth. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations of continental extension and novel methods for extracting the locations of faults, we quantitatively examine the key factors controlling the growth of rift-scale fault networks over 104–106 yrs. Early formed faults (<100 kyrs from initiation) exhibit scaling ratios consistent with those characterizing individual earthquake ruptures, before evolving to be geometrically and kinematically similar to more mature structures developed in natural fault networks. Whereas finite fault lengths are rapidly established (<100 kyrs), active deformation is transient, migrating both along- and across-strike. Competing stress interactions determine the distribution of active strain, which oscillates between being distributed and localized. Higher rates of extension (10 mm yr−1) lead to more prominent stress redistributions through time, promoting episodic localized slip events. Our findings demonstrate that normal fault growth and the related occurrence of cumulative slip is more complex than that currently inferred from displacement patterns on now-inactive structures, which only provide a space- and time-averaged picture of fault kinematics and related seismic hazard.
Duffy O, Dooley T, Hudec M, et al., 2022, Principles of Shortening in Salt Basins Containing Isolated Minibasins
<jats:p>Shortening styles in salt-influenced basins can vary markedly, with the volume and distribution of salt prior to shortening being a key control. Here we use a suite of physical models to examine styles of thin-skinned regional shortening in settings where the pre-shortening structure comprised minibasins surrounded by salt (‘isolated-minibasin’ provinces). Our models show that the high volume of mechanically-weak salt localizes lateral regional shortening, with shortening inducing salt flow towards the foreland that subsequently contributes to three key processes - translation, tilting and rotation of minibasins. First, we demonstrate that the flowing salt pushes against minibasins, propelling them in the regional shortening direction. Minibasin translation is enhanced by fast-flowing salt streams and impeded by basal friction due to welding and base-salt buttresses. Second, we show how minibasin tilt directions and magnitudes vary spatially and temporally during regional shortening. Minibasins tilt away from zones of pressurized salt, the locations of which may shift due to changes in salt flow regimes. Tilt directions may also change as minibasins pivot on primary welds, or due to forces associated with minibasin collision. Third, minibasins can rotate around sub-vertical axes during regional shortening. We speculate that this rotation is caused by a combination of: i) traction imparted on the minibasin boundary by differential horizontal flow of adjacent salt; and ii) pivoting on primary and secondary welds. We synthesize our results in a series of 3-D conceptual models, before we compare and contrast regional shortening styles and processes in salt-influenced basins with different pre-shortening salt configurations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the geometry and kinematics of shortened salt basins, as well as a deeper understanding of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of minibasins.</jats:p>
Reeve MT, Magee C, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2022, Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 34, Pages: 1220-1243, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 3
Abu C, Jackson CA-L, Francis M, 2022, Strike-slip overprinting of initial co-axial shortening within the toe region of a submarine landslide and a model for basal shear surface growth: a case study from the Angoche Basin, offshore Mozambique, JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 179, ISSN: 0016-7649
Kopping J, Magee C, Cruden AR, et al., 2022, The building blocks of igneous sheet intrusions : Insights from 3-D seismic reflection data, GEOSPHERE, Vol: 18, Pages: 156-182, ISSN: 1553-040X
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- Citations: 3
Redpath D, Jackson CA, Bell RE, 2022, Mechanical stratigrpahy controls normal fault growth and dimensions, outer Kwanza basin, offshore Angola, Tectonics, Vol: 41, ISSN: 0278-7407
Mechanical stratigraphy controls the growth patterns and dimensions of relatively small normal faults, yet how it influences the development of much larger structures remains unclear. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection data from the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to constrain the geometry and kinematics of several normal faults formed in a deep-water clastic succession. The faults are up to 6.3-km long and 1.9-km tall and have up to 44 m of throw. Aspect ratios and lower-tip throw gradients are greater for faults that terminate downward at a c. 100 m thick, mass-transport complex (MTC; up to 5.2 and 0.12) than for those that offset it (up to 2.7 and 0.01). Faults that offset the MTC invariably have >30 m of throw. Based on their geometric properties and throw patterns, we interpret that the faults nucleated above the MTC and propagated down toward it. Upon encountering this unit, which we infer behaved in a more ductile manner than encasing strata, tip propagation was halted until tip stresses were sufficiently high (corresponding to minimum throw of c. 30 m) to breach it. Faults with smaller throw were unable to breach the MTC. We argue that using only geometric criteria to determine fault growth patterns can mask the significant control mechanical stratigraphy has on fault kinematics. Mechanical stratigraphy is therefore a key control on the growth of large, seismic-scale normal faults, in a similar way to that observed for far smaller structures
Zhang Y, Jackson C, Zahasky C, et al., 2022, European carbon storage resource requirements of climate change mitigation targets, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL, Vol: 114, ISSN: 1750-5836
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- Citations: 4
Elliott G, Jackson C, Gawthorpe R, et al., 2022, Tectono-stratigraphic development of a salt-influenced rift margin: Halten Terrace, offshore Mid-Norway
<jats:p>Pre-rift salt controls structural style variability within rifts by decoupling sub- and supra-salt faults. However, the way in which this variability controls sediment erosion and dispersal, and facies distributions within the coeval syn-rift stratigraphic succession, remains poorly known. We here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data to study the tectono-stratigraphic development of the Halten Terrace, offshore Mid-Norway, a salt-influenced rifted margin formed during Middle to Late Jurassic extension. On the eastern basin margin the rift structural style passes southwards from an unbreached extensional growth fold dissected by numerous horst and graben (Bremstein Fault Complex), into a single, through-going normal fault (Vingleia Fault Complex). This southwards change in structural style is likely related to the pinch-out of or a change in the dominant lithology (and thus rheology) within a pre-rift (Triassic) evaporite layer, which was thick and/or mobile enough in the north to decouple basement- and cover-involved faulting, and to permit extensional forced folding. As a result, the salt-influenced Bremstein Fault Complex underwent limited footwall uplift, with minor erosion of relatively small horsts supplying only limited volumes of sediment to the main downdip depocentre. In contrast, the Vingleia Fault Complex, which was directly coupled to basement, experienced significant uplift and extensive footwall erosion. The footwall of this structure also locally underwent salt-detached gravity gliding and collapse as the pre-rift detachment was tilted. Our results show that where through-going normal faults develop along the rift flanks, the presence of a pre-rift salt layer will suppress the topographic expression of the footwall. The pre-rift salt layer may however facilitate footwall collapse and limit the volume of sediment supplied to downdip basins. Our results also show that variable topography along the rift flanks facilitated the develop
Köpping J, Magee C, Cruden A, et al., 2022, The building blocks of igneous sheet intrusions: insights from 3D seismic reflection data
<jats:p>The propagating margins of igneous sills (and other sheet intrusions) may divide into laterally and/or vertically separated sections, which later inflate and coalesce. These components elongate parallel to and thus record the magma flow direction, and can form either due to fracture segmentation (i.e., ‘segments’) or brittle and/or non-brittle deformation of the host rock (i.e., ‘magma fingers’). Seismic reflection data can image entire sills or sill-complexes in 3D, and their resolution is often sufficient to allow us to identify these distinct elongate components and thereby map magma flow patterns over entire intrusion networks. Yet seismic resolution is limited so we typically cannot discern the centimeter-to-meter scale host rock deformation structures that would allow the origin of these components to be interpreted. Here, we introduce a new term that defines the components (i.e., ‘elements’) of sheet-like igneous intrusions, without linking their description to emplacement mechanisms. Using 3D seismic reflection data from offshore NW Australia, we quantify the 3D geometry of these elements and their connectors within two sills and discuss how their shape may relate to emplacement processes. Based on seismic attribute analyses and our measurements of their 3D geometry, we conclude that the mapped elements likely formed by non-elastic brittle and/or non-brittle deformation ahead of the advancing sill tip, implying they are magma fingers. We show that thickness varies across sills, and across distinct elements, which we infer to represent flow localization and subsequent thickening of restricted areas. The quantification of element geometries is useful for comparisons between different subsurface and field-based datasets, spanning a range of host rock types and tectonic settings. This in turn facilitates the testing of magma emplacement mechanisms and predictions from numerical and physical analogue experiments.&
Amarante F, Jackson C, Pichel L, et al., 2022, Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil
<jats:p>Classic models of gravity-driven salt tectonics commonly depict kinematically-linked zones of overburden deformation, characterised by updip extension and downdip contraction, separated by a weakly deformed zone associated with downdip translation above a relatively smooth base-salt surface. We use 2D and 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the south-central Campos Basin to show that these models fail to adequately capture the complex range of structural styles forming during salt-detached gravity-driven deformation above a rugose base-salt surface. In the Campos Basin the base-salt is defined by broadly NE-trending, margin-parallel, generally seaward-dipping ramps that have up to 2 km of structural relief. We define three domains of overburden deformation: an updip extensional domain, an intermediate multiphase domain, and a downdip contractional domain. The multiphase domain is defined by large, partly fault-bounded, ramp-syncline basins, the stratigraphic record of which suggest c. 28 km of seaward gravity-driven translation of salt and its overburden since the end of the Albian. We also identify three main types of salt structures in the multiphase domain: (i) contractional anticlines that were subjected to later extension and normal faulting; (ii) passive-to-active diapirs that were later extended and widened, and which are bound on their landward margins by landward-dipping, salt-detached normal faults; and (iii) reactive (extensional) diapirs that were subsequently squeezed. We argue that this multiphase deformation occurs because of basinward translation of salt and its overburden over complex base-salt relief, consistent with the predictions of physical models and several other seismic reflection data-based studies. Critically, these complex local strains overprint margin-scale patterns of deformation.</jats:p>
Redpath D, Jackson C, Bell R, 2022, Mechanical Stratigraphy Controls Normal Fault Growth and Dimensions, Outer Kwanza Basin, Offshore Angola
<jats:p>Mechanical stratigraphy controls the growth patterns and dimensions of relatively small normal faults, yet how its influences the development of much larger structures remains unclear. Here we use 3D seismic reflection data from the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to constrain the geometry and kinematics of several normal faults formed in a deep-water clastic succession. The faults are up to 6.3 km long, 1.9 km tall, and have up to 44 m of throw. Aspect ratios and lower-tip throw gradients are greater for faults that terminate downwards at a c. 100 m thick, mass-transport complex (MTC) (up to 5.2 and 0.12) than for those that offset it (up to 2.7 and 0.01). Faults that offset the MTC invariably have >30 m of throw. Based on their geometric properties and throw patterns, we interpret that the faults nucleated above the MTC and propagated down towards it. Upon encountering this unit, which we infer was weaker and behaved in a more ductile manner than encasing strata, tip propagation was halted until tip stresses were sufficiently high (corresponding to minimum throw of c. 30 m) to breach it. Faults with smaller throw were unable to breach the MTC. We argue that using only geometric criteria to determine fault growth patterns can mask the not insignificant control mechanical stratigraphy has on fault kinematics. Mechanical stratigraphy therefore has a key control on the growth of large, seismic-scale normal in a similar way to that observed for far smaller structures.</jats:p>
Osagiede E, Rosenau M, Rotevatn A, et al., 2022, Influence of zones of pre-existing crustal weakness on strain localization and partitioning during rifting: Insights from analogue modeling using high resolution 3D digital image correlation
<jats:p>The factors controlling the selective reactivation of pre-existing crustal structures and strain localization process in natural rifts have been studied for decades but remain poorly understood. We present the results of surface strain analysis of a series of analogue rifting experiments designed to test the influence of the size, orientation, depth, and geometry of pre-existing crustal weak zones on strain localization and partitioning. We apply distributed basal extension to crustal-scale models that consist of a silicone weak zone embedded in a quartz sand layer. We vary the size and orientation (θ-angle) of the weak zone with respect to the extension direction, reduce the thickness of the sand layer to simulate a shallow weak zone, and vary the geometry of the weak zone to reflect a range of anticlinal, either linear or curvilinear natural weak zone geometries. Our results show that at higher θ-angle (≤ 60o) both small- and large-scale weak zones localize strain into graben-bounding (oblique-) normal faults. At lower θ-angle (≤ 45o), small-scale weak zones do not localize strain effectively, unless they are shallow. We observe diffuse, second-order strike-slip internal graben structures, which are conjugate and antithetic under orthogonal and oblique extension, respectively. In general, the changing nature of the rift faults (from discrete fault planes to diffuse fault zones, from normal to oblique and strike-slip) highlights the sensitivity of rift architecture to the orientation, size, depth, and geometry of pre-existing weak zones. Our generic models are comparable to observations from many natural rift systems like the northern North Sea and East Africa, and thus have implications for understanding the role of structural inheritance in rift basins globally.</jats:p>
Magee C, Pichel L, Madden-Nadeau A, et al., 2022, Salt-magma interactions influence intrusion distribution and salt tectonics in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
<jats:p>Many sedimentary basins host thick evaporite (salt) deposits. Some of these basins also host extensive igneous intrusion networks. It thus seems inevitable that, in some locations, magma will interact with salt. Yet how interaction between these materials may influence salt tectonics or magma emplacement, particularly at the basin-scale, remains poorly understood. We use 3D seismic reflection data from the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil to image igneous intrusions spatially related to thick Aptian salt. We show intra-salt sills are geometrically similar to but laterally offset from supra-salt sills. We suggest ascending magma was arrested by the salt in some areas, but not others, perhaps due to differences in evaporite lithology. Our mapping also reveals most sills occur within and above the pre-salt Merluza Graben, an area characterised by Albian-to-Neogene, salt-detached extension. In adjacent areas, where there are few intrusions, salt deformation was driven by post-Santonian diapir rise. We suggest emplacement of hot magma within evaporites above the Merluza Graben enhanced Albian-to-Santonian salt movement, but that crystallisation of the intrusion network restricted post-Santonian diapirism. Our work indicates salt-magma interaction can influence salt tectonics, as well as the distribution of magma plumbing systems, and thus could impact basin evolution.</jats:p>
Zhang Y, Jackson C, Krevor S, et al., 2022, European carbon storage resource requirements of climate change mitigation targets
<jats:p>As a part of climate change mitigation plans in Europe, CO2 storage scenarios have been reported for the United Kingdom and the European Union with injection rates reaching 75 – 330 MtCO2 yr-1 by 2050. However, these plans are not constrained by geological properties or growth rates with precedent in the hydrocarbon industry. We use logistic models to identify growth trajectories and the associated storage resource base consistent with European targets. All of the targets represent ambitious growth, requiring average annual growth in injection rates 9% – 15% from 2030-2050. Modelled plans are not constrained by CO2 storage availability and can be accommodated by the resources of offshore UK or Norway alone. Only if the resource base is significantly less, around 10% of current estimates, does storage availability limit mitigation plans. We further demonstrate the use of the models to define 2050 rate targets within conservative bounds of both growth rate and storage resource needs.</jats:p>
Archer SG, Kombrink H, Patruno S, et al., 2022, Cross-border petroleum geology in the North Sea: an introduction, CROSS-BORDER THEMES IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY I, Editors: Patruno, Archer, Chiarella, Howell, Jackson, Kombrink, Publisher: GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, Pages: 1-11
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- Citations: 1
Elliott GM, Jackson CA-L, Gawthorpe RL, et al., 2021, Tectono-stratigraphic development of a salt-influenced rift margin: Halten Terrace, offshore Mid-Norway, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 3295-3320, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 3
Alghuraybi A, Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, 2021, The geometric and temporal evolution of fault-related folds constrain normal fault growth patterns, Barents Sea, offshore Norway, Basin Research, Vol: 34, ISSN: 0950-091X
Extensional growth folds form ahead of the tips of propagating normal faults. These folds can accommodate a considerable amount of extensional strain and they may control rift geometry. Fold-related surface deformation may also control the sedimentary evolution of syn-rift depositional systems. Thus, by examining the stratigraphic record, we can constrain the four-dimensional evolution of extensional growth folds, which in turn provides a record of fault growth and broader rift history. Here, we use high-quality 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the SW Barents Sea, offshore northern Norway to determine the geometric and temporal evolution of extensional growth folds associated with a large, long-lived, basement-rooted fault. We show that the fault grew via the linkage of four segments, and that fault growth was associated with the formation of fault-parallel and fault-perpendicular folds that accommodated a substantial portion (10%–40%) of the total extensional strain. Several periods of fault-propagation folding occurred in response to the periodic burial of the fault, with individual folding events (ca. 25 and 32 Myr) lasting a considered part of the ca. 130 Myr rift period. Our study supports previous suggestions that continuous (i.e. folding) as well as discontinuous (i.e. faulting) deformation must be explicitly considered when assessing total strain in an extensional setting. We also show that changes in the architecture of growth strata record alternating periods of folding and faulting and that the margins of rift-related depocentres may be characterised by basinward-dipping monoclines as opposed to fault-bound scarps. Our findings have broader implications for our understanding of the structural, physiographic and tectonostratigraphic evolution of rift basins.
Martinez-Donate A, Privat AM-LJ, Hodgson DM, et al., 2021, Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply, FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE, Vol: 9
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- Citations: 5
Evans SL, Jackson CA-L, 2021, Intra-salt structure and strain partitioning in layered evaporites: implications for drilling through Messinian salt in the eastern Mediterranean, PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 27, ISSN: 1354-0793
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- Citations: 4
Pichel LM, Jackson CA-L, Peel F, et al., 2021, The Merluza Graben: How a Failed Spreading Center Influenced Margin Structure, and Salt Deposition and Tectonics in the Santos Basin, Brazil, TECTONICS, Vol: 40, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 13
Cumberpatch ZA, Finch E, Kane IA, et al., 2021, Halokinetic modulation of sedimentary thickness and architecture: A numerical modelling approach, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 2572-2604, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 2
do Amarante FB, Jackson CA-L, Pichel LM, et al., 2021, Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 2837-2861, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 13
Privat AM-LJ, Hodgson DM, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2021, Evolution from syn-rift carbonates to early post-rift deep-marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns, SEDIMENTOLOGY, Vol: 68, Pages: 2563-2605, ISSN: 0037-0746
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- Citations: 11
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