Publications
149 results found
Britton J, Propper C, 2016, Teacher pay and school productivity: exploiting wage regulation, Journal of Public Economics, Vol: 133, Pages: 75-89, ISSN: 0047-2727
The impact of teacher pay on school productivity is a central concern for governments worldwide, yet evidence is mixed. In this paper we exploit a feature of teacher labour markets to determine the impact of teacher wages. Teacher wages are commonly set in a manner that results in flat wages across heterogeneous labour markets. This creates an exogenous gap between the outside labour market and inside (regulated) wage for teachers. We use the centralized wage regulation of teachers in England to examine the effect of pay on school performance. We use data on over 3000 schools containing around 200,000 teachers who educate around half a million children per year. We find that teachers respond to pay. A ten percent shock to the wage gap between local labour market and teacher wages results in an average loss of around 2 percent in average school performance in the key exams taken at the end of compulsory schooling in England.
von Hinke S, Davey Smith G, Lawlor DA, et al., 2016, Genetic markers as instrumental variables, Journal of Health Economics, Vol: 45, Pages: 131-148, ISSN: 0167-6296
Bloom N, Propper C, Seiler S, et al., 2015, The Impact of Competition on Management Quality: Evidence from Public Hospitals, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol: 82, Pages: 457-489, ISSN: 0034-6527
Sayal K, Washbrook E, Propper C, 2015, Childhood Behavior Problems and Academic Outcomes in Adolescence: Longitudinal Population-Based Study, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol: 54, Pages: 360-368.e2, ISSN: 1527-5418
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of increasing levels of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors at age 7 years on academic achievement at age 16 years. METHOD: In a population-based sample of 7-year-old children in England, information was obtained about inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors (using parent and teacher ratings) and the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). After adjusting for confounder variables, their associations with academic achievement in national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations (using scores and minimum expected school-leaving qualification level [5 "good" GCSEs]) at age 16 years were investigated (N = 11,640). RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, there was a linear association between each 1-point increase in inattention symptoms and worse outcomes (2- to 3-point reduction in GCSE scores and 6% to 7% (10%-12% with teacher ratings) increased likelihood of not achieving 5 good GCSEs). ADHD was associated with a 27- to 32-point reduction in GCSE scores and, in boys, a more than 2-fold increased likelihood of not achieving 5 good GCSEs. In boys, oppositional/defiant behaviors were also independently associated with worse outcomes, and DBDs were associated with a 19-point reduction in GCSE scores and a 1.83-increased likelihood of not achieving 5 good GCSEs. CONCLUSION: Across the full range of scores at a population level, each 1-point increase in inattention at age 7 years is associated with worse academic outcomes at age 16. The findings highlight long-term academic risk associated with ADHD, particularly inattentive symptoms. After adjusting for inattention and ADHD respectively, oppositional/defiant behaviors and DBDs are also independently associated with worse academic outcomes.
Feng Y, Pistollato M, Charlesworth A, et al., 2015, Association between market concentration of hospitals and patient health gain following hip replacement surgery, Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, Vol: 20, Pages: 11-17, ISSN: 1355-8196
ObjectivesTo assess the association between market concentration of hospitals (as a proxy for competition) and patient-reported health gains after elective primary hip replacement surgery.MethodsPatient Reported Outcome Measures data linked to NHS Hospital Episode Statistics in England in 2011/12 were used to analyse the association between market concentration of hospitals measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and health gains for 337 hospitals.ResultsThe association between market concentration and patient gain in health status measured by the change in Oxford Hip Score (OHS) after primary hip replacement surgery was not statistically significant at the 5% level both for the average patient and for those with more than average severity of hip disease (OHS worse than average). For 12,583 (49.1%) patients with an OHS before hip replacement surgery better than the mean, a one standard deviation increase in the HHI, equivalent to a reduction of about one hospital in the local market, was associated with a 0.104 decrease in patients’ self-reported improvement in OHS after surgery, but this was not statistically significant at the 5% level.ConclusionsHospital market concentration (as a proxy for competition) appears to have no significant influence (at the 5% level) on the outcome of elective primary hip replacement. The generalizability of this finding needs to be investigated.
Farrell L, Hollingsworth B, Propper C, et al., 2014, The socioeconomic gradient in physical inactivity: Evidence from one million adults in England, SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE, Vol: 123, Pages: 55-63, ISSN: 0277-9536
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- Citations: 47
Washbrook E, Gregg P, Propper C, 2014, A Decomposition Analysis of the Relationship Between Parental Income and Multiple Child Outcomes, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol: 177, Pages: 757-782, ISSN: 0964-1998
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>The paper explores the relationship between family income and a range of cognitive, socioemotional and health outcomes in mid-childhood. Child developmental outcomes are conceptualized as the result of an underlying set of associations or pathways running from distal factors (broad indicators of family characteristics and resources) to proximal factors (parental behaviours and aspects of the child's lived environment). We use a decomposition framework to compare the associations underpinning the raw income gradients in the different outcomes systematically. We find considerable variation in the extent of the income gradients, and in the factors that can account for them, across developmental domains.</jats:p>
Johnston DW, Propper C, Pudney SE, et al., 2014, The Income Gradient in Childhood Mental Health: All in the Eye of the Beholder?, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol: 177, Pages: 807-827, ISSN: 0964-1998
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>We undertake a detailed statistical investigation of the sensitivity of estimates of the prevalence of childhood mental health problems to the provider of the health assessment, with particular focus on the implications for the estimates of the income gradient in childhood mental health. We directly compare evaluations from children, their parents and teachers and test whether these differences are systematically related to family income. We then examine the implications for the estimated income gradient. We find that respondents frequently identify different children as having a mental health problem. Teachers appear to rate the health of poor children consistently worse than do children or their parents. Systematic differences in evaluations by assessor by income mean that the estimated magnitude and significance of the income–health gradient is highly dependent on the choice of assessor.</jats:p>
Johnston D, Propper C, Pudney S, et al., 2014, CHILD MENTAL HEALTH AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: MULTIPLE OBSERVERS AND THE MEASUREMENT ERROR PROBLEM, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol: 29, Pages: 880-900, ISSN: 0883-7252
McCormack J, Propper C, Smith S, 2014, Herding Cats? Management and University Performance, The Economic Journal, Vol: 124, Pages: F534-F564, ISSN: 1468-0297
Using a tried and tested measure of management practices that has been shown to predict firm performance, we survey nearly 250 departments across 100+ UK universities. We find large differences in management scores across universities and that departments in older, research-intensive universities score higher than departments in newer, more teaching-oriented universities. We also find that management matters in universities. The scores, particularly with respect to provision of incentives for staff recruitment, retention and promotion are correlated with both teaching and research performance conditional on resources and past performance. Moreover, this relationship holds for all universities, not just research-intensive ones.
Gaynor M, Moreno-Serra R, Propper C, 2013, Death by Market Power: Reform, Competition, and Patient Outcomes in the National Health Service, AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-ECONOMIC POLICY, Vol: 5, Pages: 134-166, ISSN: 1945-7731
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- Citations: 129
Washbrook E, Propper C, Sayal K, 2013, Pre-school hyperactivity/attention problems and educational outcomes in adolescence: prospective longitudinal study, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 203, Pages: 265-271, ISSN: 0007-1250
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- Citations: 56
Janke K, Propper C, Shields MA, 2013, Does Violent Crime Deter Physical Activity?
Propper C, Venables M-A, 2013, An assessment of Labours record on health and healthcare, OXFORD REVIEW OF ECONOMIC POLICY, Vol: 29, Pages: 203-226, ISSN: 0266-903X
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- Citations: 2
Howe LD, Lawlor DA, Propper C, 2013, Trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviours and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence, JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, Vol: 67, Pages: 358-364, ISSN: 0143-005X
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- Citations: 33
Scholder SVHK, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, et al., 2013, Child height, health and human capital: Evidence using genetic markers, EUROPEAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol: 57, Pages: 1-22, ISSN: 0014-2921
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- Citations: 22
Scholder SVHK, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, et al., 2012, The effect of fat mass on educational attainment: Examining the sensitivity to different identification strategies, ECONOMICS & HUMAN BIOLOGY, Vol: 10, Pages: 405-418, ISSN: 1570-677X
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- Citations: 32
Propper C, Leckie G, 2012, Increasing Competition Between Providers in Health Care Markets: The Economic Evidence, The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics, ISBN: 9780199238828
This article scrutinizes the empirical literature on competition between providers and finds that the outcomes are highly varied, and that competition generates winners and losers among patients as well as providers. It examines the theoretical and empirical economic evidence on the effect of greater competition between providers in health care markets. Most of the evidence focuses on a narrow set of outcomes, primarily the effect of competition on prices and quality of health care, sometimes with a focus on winners and losers. It discusses the impact of centrally fixed prices on competition and examines the role of information in increasing competition is also discussed. It examines the effects of using centrally set prices. This article concludes raising some issues that seem to be pertinent for policymakers interested in increasing competition in their health care systems.
Gaynor M, Laudicella M, Propper C, 2012, Can governments do it better? Merger mania and hospital outcomes in the English NHS, JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS, Vol: 31, Pages: 528-543, ISSN: 0167-6296
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- Citations: 57
Propper C, 2012, Competition, incentives and the English NHS, HEALTH ECONOMICS, Vol: 21, Pages: 33-40, ISSN: 1057-9230
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- Citations: 35
Gaynor M, Moreno-Serra R, Propper C, 2012, Can competition improve outcomes in UK health care? Lessons from the past two decades, JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH & POLICY, Vol: 17, Pages: 49-54, ISSN: 1355-8196
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- Citations: 34
Nicholson S, Propper C, 2012, Medical Workforce, HANDBOOK OF HEALTH ECONOMICS, VOL 2, Editors: Pauly, McGuire, Barros, Publisher: NORTH HOLLAND, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL BV, Pages: 873-925, ISBN: 978-0-444-53592-4
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- Citations: 14
Propper C, Wilson D, 2012, The use of performance measures in health care systems, ELGAR COMPANION TO HEALTH ECONOMICS, 2ND EDITION, Editors: Jones, Publisher: EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD, Pages: 350-358
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- Citations: 4
Bloom N, Cooper Z, Gaynor M, et al., 2011, In defence of our research on competition in England's National Health Service, LANCET, Vol: 378, Pages: 2064-2065, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 13
Propper C, nicolson S, 2011, Medical Labor Force, Handbook of Health Economics, Editors: Pauly, McGuire, Barros, Publisher: North-Holland, ISBN: 9780444535924
Studies with Administered Prices 570 4.4.2. Studies with Market Determined Prices 580 4.4.3. Studies of the VolumeÀOutcome Relationship 593 1 We wish to thank participants at the Handbook of Health Economics meeting in Lisbon, Portugal, ...
Scholder SVHK, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, et al., 2011, MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION: THE USE OF GENES IN INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE ANALYSES, HEALTH ECONOMICS, Vol: 20, Pages: 893-896, ISSN: 1057-9230
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- Citations: 27
Gaynor M, Moreno-Serra R, Propper C, 2011, COMPETITION IN HEALTHCARE Competition could substantially benefit healthcare, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 343, ISSN: 0959-535X
Delfgaauw J, Dur R, Propper C, et al., 2011, Management Practices: Are Not For Profits Different?
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of good management for firm performance. Here, we focus on management in not-for-profits (NFPs). We present a model predicting that management quality will be lower in NFPs compared to for-profits (FPs), but that outputs may not be worse if managers are altruistic. Using a tried and tested survey of management practices, we find that NFPs score lower than FPs but also that, while the relationship between management scores and outputs holds for FPs, the same is not true for NFPs. One implication is that management practices that work for FPs may be less effective in driving performance in NFPs.
Burgess S, Propper C, Ratto M, et al., 2010, Smarter Task Assignment or Greater Effort: The Impact of Incentives on Team Performance, ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol: 120, Pages: 968-989, ISSN: 0013-0133
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- Citations: 26
Propper C, Sutton M, Whitnall C, et al., 2010, Incentives and targets in hospital care: Evidence from a natural experiment, JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, Vol: 94, Pages: 318-335, ISSN: 0047-2727
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- Citations: 67
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