Imperial College London

Professor Carl Paterson

Faculty of Natural SciencesDepartment of Physics

Professor of Optical Physics
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 7737carl Website

 
 
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Assistant

 

Ms Judith Baylis +44 (0)20 7594 7713

 
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Location

 

607Blackett LaboratorySouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

96 results found

Hong W, Wright T, Sparks H, Dvinskikh L, MacLeod K, Paterson C, Dunsby Cet al., 2022, Adaptive light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with a deformable mirror for video-rate volumetric imaging, Applied Physics Letters, Vol: 121, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 0003-6951

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) achieves optically sectioned imaging with the relatively low photobleaching and phototoxic effect. To achieve high-speed volumetric LSFM imaging without perturbing the sample, it is necessary to use some form of remote refocusing in the detection beam path. Previous work used electrically tunable lenses, tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lenses, or the remote-refocusing approach of Botcherby et al. [Opt. Lett. 32(14), 2007 (2007)] to achieve remote refocusing. However, these approaches generally only provide low-order defocus correction, which is not compatible with higher-NA objectives that require higher order defocus corrections or reduce the optical throughput. In order to simultaneously achieve high-speed remote refocusing and correct system aberrations, we employ a deformable mirror in the detection path that is capable of providing higher orders of defocus and aberration correction in an optical system with an NA of 0.72–0.75. We demonstrate high-speed volumetric imaging at 26.3 volumes per second and 35 frames per volume for a defocus range of −50 to 50 μm.

Journal article

Wright T, Sparks H, Paterson C, Dunsby Cet al., 2021, Video-rate remote refocusing through continuous oscillation of a membrane deformable mirror, Journal of Physics: Photonics, Vol: 3, Pages: 1-14, ISSN: 2515-7647

This paper presents the use of a deformable mirror (DM) configured to rapidly refocus a microscope employing a highnumerical aperture objective lens. An Alpao DM97-15 membrane DM was used to refocus a 40×/0.80 NA water-immersionobjective through a defocus range of -50 to 50 m at 26.3 sweeps per second. We achieved imaging with a mean Strehlmetric of > 0.6 over a field of view in the sample of 200×200 m2 over a defocus range of 77 m. We describe anoptimisation procedure where the mirror is swept continuously in order to avoid known problems of hysteresis associatedwith the membrane DM employed. This work demonstrates that a DM-based refocusing system could in the future be used inlight-sheet fluorescence microscopes to achieve video-rate volumetric imaging.

Journal article

Xiang Y, Seow KLC, Paterson C, Torok Pet al., 2021, Multivariate analysis of Brillouin imaging data by supervised and unsupervised learning, JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS, Vol: 14, ISSN: 1864-063X

Journal article

Berk J, Paterson C, Foreman MR, 2021, Tracking single particles using surface plasmon leakage radiation speckle, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol: 39, Pages: 3950-3960, ISSN: 0733-8724

Label free tracking of small bio-particles such as proteins or viruses is of great utility in the study of biological processes, however such experiments are frequently hindered by weak signal strengths and a susceptibility to scattering impurities. To overcome these problems we here propose a novel technique leveraging the enhanced sensitivity of both interferometric detection and the strong field confinement of surface plasmons. Specifically, we show that interference between the field scattered by an analyte particle and a speckle reference field, derived from random scattering of surface plasmons propagating on a rough metal film, enables particle tracking with sub-wavelength accuracy. We present the analytic framework of our technique and verify its robustness to noise through Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal article

Berk J, Paterson C, Foreman MR, 2021, Tracking using surface plasmon leakage radiation speckle

An approach capable of label-free sensing and tracking of single nanoscale particles using interference between light scattered from the particle and a plasmon leakage radiation speckle field is introduced. Simulations show nanometre level tracking accuracy.

Conference paper

Gouveia RM, Lepert G, Gupta S, Mohan RR, Paterson C, Connon CJet al., 2020, Biomechanical Modulation Therapy: Stem Cell Therapy Without the Stem Cells for the Treatment of Severe Ocular Burns, Trans-Agency Scientific Meeting on Developing Medical Countermeasures to Treat the Acute and Chronic Effects of Ocular Chemical Toxicity, Publisher: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, Pages: S8-S8, ISSN: 0378-4274

Conference paper

Sparks H, Dvinskikh L, Firth J, Francis A, Harding S, Paterson C, MacLeod K, Dunsby Cet al., 2020, Development a flexible light-sheet fluorescence microscope for high-speed 3D imaging of calcium dynamics and 3D imaging of cellular microstructure, Journal of Biophotonics, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1864-063X

We report a flexible light‐sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM) designed for studying dynamic events in cardiac tissue at high speed in 3D and the correlation of these events to cell microstructure. The system employs two illumination‐detection modes: the first uses angle‐dithering of a Gaussian light sheet combined with remote refocusing of the detection plane for video‐rate volumetric imaging; the second combines digitally‐scanned light‐sheet illumination with an axially‐swept light‐sheet waist and stage‐scanned acquisition for improved axial resolution compared to the first mode. We present a characterisation of the spatial resolution of the system in both modes. The first illumination‐detection mode achieves dual spectral‐channel imaging at 25 volumes per second with 1024 × 200 × 50 voxel volumes and is demonstrated by time‐lapse imaging of calcium dynamics in a live cardiomyocyte. The second illumination‐detection mode is demonstrated through the acquisition of a higher spatial resolution structural map of the t‐tubule network in a fixed cardiomyocyte cell.

Journal article

Wu P-J, Masouleh MI, Paterson C, Dini D, Török P, Overby DR, Kabakova IVet al., 2019, Detection of proteoglycan loss from articular cartilage using Brillouin microscopy, with applications to osteoarthritis, Biomedical Optics Express, Vol: 10, Pages: 2457-2466, ISSN: 2156-7085

The degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) occurs in osteoarthritis (OA), which is a leading cause of pain and disability in middle-aged and older people. The early disease-related changes in cartilage extra-cellular matrix (ECM) start with depletion of proteoglycan (PG), leading to an increase in tissue hydration and permeability. These early compositional changes are small (<10%) and hence difficult to register with conventional non-invasive imaging technologies (magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging). Here we apply Brillouin microscopy for detecting changes in the mechanical properties and composition of porcine AC. OA-like degradation is mimicked by enzymatic tissue digestion, and we compare Brillouin microscopy measurements against histological staining of PG depletion over varying digestion times and enzyme concentrations. The non-destructive nature of Brillouin imaging technology opens new avenues for creating minimally invasive arthroscopic devices for OA diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.

Journal article

Gouveia RM, Lepert G, Gupta S, Mohan RR, Paterson C, Connon CJet al., 2019, Assessment of corneal substrate biomechanics and its effect on epithelial stem cell maintenance and differentiation, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2041-1723

Journal article

Wu P-J, Kabovka I, Ruberti J, Sherwood J, Dunlop IE, Paterson C, Torok P, Overby Det al., 2018, Water content, not stiffness, dominates Brillouin spectroscopy measurements in hydrated materials, Nature Methods, Vol: 15, Pages: 561-562, ISSN: 1548-7091

Journal article

Kabakova IV, Azuri I, Chen Z, Nayak PK, Snaith HJ, Kronik L, Paterson C, Bakulin AA, Egger DAet al., 2018, The effect of ionic composition on acoustic phonon speeds in hybrid perovskites from Brillouin spectroscopy and density functional theory, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 6, Pages: 3861-3868, ISSN: 2050-7526

Journal article

Kim Y, Warren S, Favero F, Stone J, Clegg J, Neil M, Paterson C, Knight J, French P, Dunsby CWet al., 2018, Semi-random multicore fibre design for adaptive multiphoton endoscopy, Optics Express, Vol: 26, Pages: 3661-3673, ISSN: 1094-4087

This paper reports the development, modelling and application of a semi-random multicore fibre (MCF) design for adaptive multiphoton endoscopy. The MCF was constructed from 55 sub-units, each comprising 7 single mode cores, in a hexagonally close-packed lattice where each sub-unit had a random angular orientation. The resulting fibre had 385 single mode cores and was double-clad for proximal detection of multiphoton excited fluorescence. The random orientation of each sub-unit in the fibre reduces the symmetry of the positions of the cores in the MCF, reducing the intensity of higher diffracted orders away from the central focal spot formed at the distal tip of the fibre and increasing the maximum size of object that can be imaged. The performance of the MCF was demonstrated by imaging fluorescently labelled beads with both distal and proximal fluorescence detection and pollen grains with distal fluorescence detection. We estimate that the number of independent resolution elements in the final image – measured as the half-maximum area of the two-photon point spread function divided by the area imaged – to be ~3200.

Journal article

Kabakova IV, Xiang Y, Paterson C, Torok Pet al., 2017, Fiber-integrated Brillouin microspectroscopy: towards Brillouin endoscopy, Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1793-5458

Brillouin imaging (BI) for micromechanical characterization of tissues and biomaterials is a fast-developing field of research with a strong potential for medical diagnosis of disease-modified tissues and cells. Although the principles of BI imply its compatibility with in vivo and in situ measurements, the integration of BI with a flexible catheter, capable of reaching the region of interest within the body, is yet to be reported. Here, for the first time, we experimentally investigate integration of the Brillouin spectroscope with standard optical fiber components to achieve a Brillouin endoscope. The performance of single-fiber and dual-fiber endoscopes are demonstrated and analyzed. We show that a major challenge in construction of Brillouin endoscopes is the strong backward Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and we present a dual-fiber geometry as a possible solution. Measurements of Brillouin spectra in test liquids (water, ethanol and glycerol) are demonstrated using the dual-fiber endoscope and its performance is analyzed numerically with the help of a beam propagation model.

Journal article

Figueiredo GS, Bojic S, Rooney P, Wilshaw S-P, Connon CJ, Gouveia RM, Paterson C, Lepert G, Mudhar HS, Figueiredo FC, Lako Met al., 2017, Gamma-irradiated human amniotic membrane decellularised with sodium dodecyl sulfate is a more efficient substrate for the <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of limbal stem cells, ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, Vol: 61, Pages: 124-133, ISSN: 1742-7061

Journal article

Sherlock B, Warren SC, Alexandrov Y, Yu F, Stone J, Knight J, Neil MAA, Paterson C, French PMW, Dunsby CWet al., 2017, In vivo multiphoton microscopy using a handheld scanner with lateral and axial motion compensation, Journal of Biophotonics, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1864-063X

This paper reports a handheld multiphoton fluorescence microscope designed for clinical imaging that incorporates axial motion compensation and lateral image stabilization. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is employed to track the axial position of the skin surface, and lateral motion compensation is realised by imaging the speckle pattern arising from the optical coherence tomography beam illuminating the sample. Our system is able to correct lateral sample velocities of up to ~65 μm s-1. Combined with the use of negative curvature microstructured optical fibre to deliver tunable ultrafast radiation to the handheld multiphoton scanner without the need of a dispersion compensation unit, this instrument has potential for a range of clinical applications. The system is used to compensate for both lateral and axial motion of the sample when imaging human skin in vivo.

Journal article

Connon CJ, Gouveia RM, Paterson C, Lepert G, Mohan RR, Gupta Set al., 2017, The mechanical properties of the human corneal limbus and its influence on epithelial stem cell phenotype, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), Publisher: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, ISSN: 0146-0404

Conference paper

Warren SC, Kim Y, Stone JM, Mitchell C, Knight JC, Neil MAA, Paterson C, French PMW, Dunsby CWet al., 2016, Adaptive multiphoton endomicroscopy through a dynamically deformed multicore optical fiber using proximal detection, Optics Express, Vol: 24, Pages: 21474-21484, ISSN: 1094-4087

This paper demonstrates multiphoton excited fluorescenceimaging through a polarisation maintaining multicore fiber (PM-MCF)while the fiber is dynamically deformed using all-proximal detection.Single-shot proximal measurement of the relative optical path lengths of allthe cores of the PM-MCF in double pass is achieved using a Mach-Zehnderinterferometer read out by a scientific CMOS camera operating at 416 Hz.A non-linear least squares fitting procedure is then employed to determinethe deformation-induced lateral shift of the excitation spot at the distal tip ofthe PM-MCF. An experimental validation of this approach is presented thatcompares the proximally measured deformation-induced lateral shift infocal spot position to an independent distally measured ground truth. Theproximal measurement of deformation-induced shift in focal spot position isapplied to correct for deformation-induced shifts in focal spot positionduring raster-scanning multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging.

Journal article

Lepert G, Gouveia RM, Connon CJ, Paterson Cet al., 2016, High-resolution imaging of limbal structural properties using Brillouin spectro-microscopy, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), Publisher: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, ISSN: 0146-0404

Conference paper

Goodacre R, Sergo V, Barr H, Sammon C, Schultz ZD, Baker MJ, Graham D, Marques MP, Sulé-Suso J, Livermore J, Faulds K, Sinjab F, Matousek P, Campbell CJ, Dluhy R, Gardner P, Phillips C, Diem M, Wood B, Apolonskiy A, Kazarian S, Fullwood L, Gough K, Petrich W, Lloyd G, Ibrahim O, Cinque G, Sockalingum GD, Stone N, Kendall C, McAughtrie S, Perez-Guaita D, Clark L, Gerwert K, Bonifacio A, Notingher I, Lasch P, Bhargava R, Lepert G, Mader K, Paterson Cet al., 2016, Clinical Spectroscopy: general discussion, Faraday Discussions, Vol: 187, Pages: 429-460, ISSN: 1364-5498

Journal article

Lepert G, Gouveia RM, Connon CJ, Paterson Cet al., 2016, Assessing corneal biomechanics with Brillouin spectro-microscopy, Faraday Discussions, Vol: 187, Pages: 415-428, ISSN: 1364-5498

A new Brillouin spectro-microscope was designed and built to investigate the mechanical properties of bovine and human corneas. This instrument integrates a single-stage virtually imaged phased array spectrometer with a novel adaptive-optics interferometric filter to achieve unprecedented rejection of the elastic background signal. As a result, highly-resolved, reproducible data from both thin and thick collagen-based materials were obtained. In particular, this technique is capable of rigorously measuring the relative stiffness of different areas of human corneas, thus providing a true non-contact method to characterise the fundamental mechanical features of both live and fixed biological tissue samples.

Journal article

Kim Y, Warren SC, Stone JM, Knight JC, Neil MAA, Paterson C, Dunsby CW, French PMWet al., 2016, Adaptive Multiphoton Endomicroscope Incorporating a Polarization-Maintaining Multicore Optical Fibre, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol: 22, ISSN: 1558-4542

We present a laser scanning multiphoton endomicroscopewith no distal optics or mechanical components that incorporatesa polarization-maintaining (PM) multicore optical fibre todeliver, focus, and scan ultrashort pulsed radiation for two-photonexcited fluorescence imaging. We show theoretically that the use ofa PM multicore fibre in our experimental configuration enhancesthe fluorescence excitation intensity achieved in the focal spot comparedto a non-PM optical fibre with the same geometry and con-firm this by computer simulations based on numerical wavefrontpropagation. In our experimental system, a spatial light modulator(SLM) is utilised to program the phase of the light input to each ofthe cores of the endoscope fibre such that the radiation emergingfrom the distal end of the fibre interferes to provide the focusedscanning excitation beam. We demonstrate that the SLM can enabledynamic phase correction of path-length variations across themulticore optical fibre whilst the fibre is perturbed with an updaterate of 100 Hz.

Journal article

sherlock B, Yu F, Stone J, Warren S, Paterson C, Neil MAA, French PMW, Dunsby CWet al., 2016, Tunable fibre-coupled multiphoton microscopy with a negative curvature fibre, Journal of Biophotonics, Vol: 9, Pages: 715-720, ISSN: 1864-0648

Negative curvature fibre (NCF) guides light in its core by inhibiting the coupling of core andcladding modes. In this work, an NCF was designed and fabricated to transmit ultrashort opticalpulses for multiphoton microscopy with low group velocity dispersion (GVD) at 800 nm. Itsattenuation was measured to be <0.3 dB.m-1over the range 600-850 nm and the GVD was-180±70 fs2.m-1at 800 nm. Using an average fibre output power of ~20 mW and pulserepetition rate of 80 MHz, the NCF enabled pulses with a duration of <200 fs to be transmittedthrough a length of 1.5 m of fibre over a tuning range of 180 nm without the need for dispersioncompensation. In a 4 m fibre, temporal and spectral pulse widths were maintained to within10% of low power values up to the maximum fibre output power achievable with the lasersystem used of 278 mW at 700 nm, 808 mW at 800 nm and 420 mW at 860 nm. When coupledto a multiphoton microscope, it enabled imaging of ex vivo tissue using excitation wavelengthsfrom 740 nm to 860 nm without any need for adjustments to the set-up.

Journal article

Antonacci G, Pedrigi RM, Kondiboyina A, Mehta VV, de Silva R, Paterson C, Krams R, Toeroek Pet al., 2015, Quantification of plaque stiffness by Brillouin microscopy in experimental thin cap fibroatheroma, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1742-5689

Journal article

Antonacci G, Lepert G, Paterson C, Toeroek Pet al., 2015, Elastic suppression in Brillouin imaging by destructive interference, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol: 107, ISSN: 0003-6951

Journal article

Sherlock B, Warren S, Stone J, Neil M, Paterson C, Knight J, French P, Dunsby Cet al., 2015, Fibre-coupled multiphoton microscope with adaptive motion compensation, BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol: 6, Pages: 1876-1884, ISSN: 2156-7085

Journal article

Antonacci G, Foreman MR, Paterson C, Toeroek Pet al., 2013, Spectral broadening in Brillouin imaging, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol: 103, ISSN: 0003-6951

Journal article

Shaw M, O'Holleran K, Paterson C, 2013, Investigation of the confocal wavefront sensor and its application to biological microscopy, OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol: 21, Pages: 19353-19362, ISSN: 1094-4087

Journal article

Thompson AJ, Paterson C, Neil MAA, Dunsby C, French PMWet al., 2011, Adaptive phase compensation for ultracompact laser scanning endomicroscopy, OPTICS LETTERS, Vol: 36, Pages: 1707-1709, ISSN: 0146-9592

Journal article

Faisan S, Lara D, Paterson C, 2011, Scanning ophthalmoscope retinal image registration using one-dimensional deformation fields, Optics Express, Vol: 19

Journal article

Lara D, Paterson C, 2011, High resolution confocal polarimeter for the living human retina, 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Light for the Development of the World, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X

Conference paper

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