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@article{Li:2019:brain/awz252,
author = {Li, L and Violante, I and Zimmerman, K and Leech, R and Hampshire, A and Patel, M and Opitz, A and McArthur, D and Carmichael, D and Sharp, DJ},
doi = {brain/awz252},
journal = {Brain},
pages = {3280--3293},
title = {Traumatic axonal injury influences the cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz252},
volume = {142},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Non-invasive brain stimulation has been widely investigated for as a potentialtreatment for a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including braininjury. However, the behavioural effects of brain stimulation are very variable, forreasons that are poorly understood. This is a particular challenge for traumatic braininjury, where patterns of damage and their clinical effects are heterogenous. Here wetest the hypothesis that the response to transcranial direct current stimulationfollowing traumatic brain injury is dependent on white matter damage within thestimulated network. We used a novel simultaneous stimulation-MRI protocolapplying anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation to 24 healthy and 35 moderate/severetraumatic brain injury patients. Stimulation was applied to the right inferior frontalgyrus/anterior insula node of the Salience Network, which was targeted because ourprevious work had shown its importance to executive function. Stimulation wasapplied during performance of the Stop Signal Task, which assesses responseinhibition, a key component of executive function. Structural MRI was used to assessthe extent of brain injury, including diffusion MRI assessment of post-traumaticaxonal injury. Functional MRI, which was simultaneously acquired to delivery ofstimulation, assessed the effects of stimulation on cognitive network function. Anodalstimulation improved response inhibition in control participants, an effect that was notobserved in the patient group. The extent of traumatic axonal injury within theSalience Network strongly influenced the behavioural response to stimulation.Increasing damage to the tract connecting the stimulated right inferior frontalgyrus/anterior insula to the rest of the SN was associated with reduced beneficialeffects of stimulation. In addition, anodal stimulation normalised Default ModeNetwork activation in patients with poor response inhibition, suggesting thatstimulation modulates communication between the networks invo
AU  - Li,L
AU  - Violante,I
AU  - Zimmerman,K
AU  - Leech,R
AU  - Hampshire,A
AU  - Patel,M
AU  - Opitz,A
AU  - McArthur,D
AU  - Carmichael,D
AU  - Sharp,DJ
DO  - brain/awz252
EP  - 3293
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 1460-2156
SP  - 3280
TI  - Traumatic axonal injury influences the cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation
T2  - Brain
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz252
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/71692
VL  - 142
ER  -

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