Publications
384 results found
Melendez-Calderon A, Tan M, Fisher Bittmann M, et al., 2017, Transfer of dynamic motor skills acquired during isometric training to free motion., Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol: 118, Pages: 219-233, ISSN: 1522-1598
Recent studies have explored the prospects of learning to move without moving, by displaying virtual arm movement related to exerted force. However, it has yet to be tested whether learning the dynamics of moving can transfer to the corresponding movement. Here we present a series of experiments that investigate this isometric training paradigm. Subjects were asked to hold a handle and generate forces as their arms were constrained to a static position. A precise simulation of reaching was used to make a graphic rendering of an arm moving realistically in response to the measured interaction forces and simulated environmental forces. Such graphic rendering was displayed on a horizontal display that blocked their view to their actual (statically constrained) arm and encouraged them to believe they were moving. We studied adaptation of horizontal, planar, goal directed arm movements in a velocity-dependent force-field. Our results show that individuals can learn to compensate for such a force-field in a virtual environment, and transfer their new skills to the actual free motion condition, with performance comparable to practice while moving. Such non-moving techniques should impact various training conditions when moving may not be possible.
Martin-Brevet S, Jarrasse N, Burdet E, et al., 2017, Taxonomy based analysis of force exchanges during object grasping and manipulation, PLOS One, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1932-6203
The flexibility of the human hand in object manipulation is essential for daily life activities, but remains relatively little explored with quantitative methods. On the one hand, recent taxonomies describe qualitatively the classes of hand postures for object grasping and manipulation. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis of hand function has been generally restricted to precision grip (with thumb and index opposition) during lifting tasks. The aim of the present study is to fill the gap between these two kinds of descriptions, by investigating quantitatively the forces exerted by the hand on an instrumented object in a set of representative manipulation tasks. The object was a parallelepiped object able to measure the force exerted on the six faces and its acceleration. The grasping force was estimated from the lateral force and the unloading force from the bottom force. The protocol included eleven tasks with complementary constraints inspired by recent taxonomies: four tasks corresponding to lifting and holding the object with different grasp configurations, and seven to manipulating the object (rotation around each of its axis and translation). The grasping and unloading forces and object rotations were measured during the five phases of the actions: unloading, lifting, holding or manipulation, preparation to deposit, and deposit. The results confirm the tight regulation between grasping and unloading forces during lifting, and extend this to the deposit phase. In addition, they provide a precise description of the regulation of force exchanges during various manipulation tasks spanning representative actions of daily life. The timing of manipulation showed both sequential and overlapping organization of the different sub-actions, and micro-errors could be detected. This phenomenological study confirms the feasibility of using an instrumented object to investigate complex manipulative behavior in humans. This protocol will be used in the future to inves
Takagi A, Ganesh G, Yoshioka T, et al., 2017, Physically interacting individuals estimate the partner's goal to enhance their movements, Nature Human Behaviour, Vol: 1, ISSN: 2397-3374
From a parent helping to guide their child during their first steps, to a therapist supporting a patient, physical assistance enabled by haptic interaction is a fundamental modus for improving motor abilities. However, what movement information is exchanged between partners during haptic interaction, and how this information is used to coordinate and assist others, remains unclear1. Here, we propose a model in which haptic information, provided by touch and proprioception2, enables interacting individuals to estimate the partner’s movement goal and use it to improve their own motor performance. We use an empirical physical interaction task3 to show that our model can explain human behaviours better than existing models of interaction in literature4,5,6,7,8. Furthermore, we experimentally verify our model by embodying it in a robot partner and checking that it induces the same improvements in motor performance and learning in a human individual as interacting with a human partner. These results promise collaborative robots that provide human-like assistance, and suggest that movement goal exchange is the key to physical assistance.
Mace M, Rinne P, Liardon J-L, et al., 2017, Elasticity improves handgrip performance and user experience during visuomotor control, Royal Society Open Science, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2054-5703
Passive rehabilitation devices, providing motivation andfeedback, potentially offer an automated and low-cost therapymethod, and can be used as simple human–machine interfaces.Here, we ask whether there is any advantage for a handtrainingdevice to be elastic, as opposed to rigid, in terms ofperformance and preference. To address this question, we havedeveloped a highly sensitive and portable digital handgrip,promoting independent and repetitive rehabilitation of graspfunction based around a novel elastic force and position sensingstructure. A usability study was performed on 66 healthysubjects to assess the effect of elastic versus rigid handgripcontrol during various visuomotor tracking tasks. The resultsindicate that, for tasks relying either on feedforward or onfeedback control, novice users perform significantly betterwith the elastic handgrip, compared with the rigid equivalent(11% relative improvement, 9–14% mean range; p < 0.01).Furthermore, there was a threefold increase in the number ofsubjects who preferred elastic compared with rigid handgripinteraction. Our results suggest that device compliance is animportant design consideration for grip training devices.
Huang H-Y, Farkhatdinov I, Arami A, et al., 2017, Modelling Neuromuscular Function of SCI Patients in Balancing, 3rd International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR), Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 355-359, ISSN: 2195-3562
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- Citations: 1
Li Y, Jarrasse N, Burdet E, 2017, Versatile Interaction Control and Haptic Identification in Humans and Robots, GEOMETRIC AND NUMERICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MOVEMENTS, Editors: Laumond, Mansard, Lasserre, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Pages: 187-206, ISBN: 978-3-319-51546-5
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- Citations: 5
Takagi A, Beckers N, Burdet E, 2016, Motion plan changes predictably in dyadic reaching, PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
Parents can effortlessly assist their child to walk, but the mechanism behind such physical coordination is still unknown. Studies have suggested that physical coordination is achieved by interacting humans who update their movement or motion plan in response to the partner's behaviour. Here, we tested rigidly coupled pairs in a joint reaching task to observe such changes in the partners' motion plans. However, the joint reaching movements were surprisingly consistent across different trials. A computational model that we developed demonstrated that the two partners had a distinct motion plan, which did not change with time. These results suggest that rigidly coupled pairs accomplish joint reaching movements by relying on a pre-programmed motion plan that is independent of the partner's behaviour.
Hussain A, Budhota A, Hughes' CML, et al., 2016, Self-paced reaching after stroke: a quantitative assessment of longitudinal and directional sensitivity using the H-Man planar robot for upper limb neurorehabilitation, Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1662-4548
Technology aided measures offer a sensitive, accurate and time-efficient approach for the assessment of sensorimotor function after neurological insult compared to standard clinical assessments. This study investigated the sensitivity of robotic measures to capture differences in planar reaching movements as a function of neurological status (stroke, healthy), direction (front, ipsilateral, contralateral), movement segment (outbound, inbound), and time (baseline, post-training, 2-week follow-up) using a planar, two-degrees of freedom, robotic-manipulator (H-Man). Twelve chronic stroke (age: 55 ± 10.0 years, 5 female, 7 male, time since stroke: 11.2 ± 6.0 months) and nine aged-matched healthy participants (age: 53 ± 4.3 years, 5 female, 4 male) participated in this study. Both healthy and stroke participants performed planar reaching movements in contralateral, ipsilateral and front directions with the H-Man, and the robotic measures, spectral arc length (SAL), normalized time to peak velocities (TpeakN), and root-mean square error (RMSE) were evaluated. Healthy participants went through a one-off session of assessment to investigate the baseline. Stroke participants completed a 2-week intensive robotic training plus standard arm therapy (8 × 90 min sessions). Motor function for stroke participants was evaluated prior to training (baseline, week-0), immediately following training (post-training, week-2), and 2-weeks after training (follow-up, week-4) using robotic assessment and the clinical measures Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Activity-Research-Arm Test (ARAT), and grip-strength. Robotic assessments were able to capture differences due to neurological status, movement direction, and movement segment. Movements performed by stroke participants were less-smooth, featured longer TpeakN, and larger RMSE values, compared to healthy controls. Significant movement direction differences were observed, with improved reaching performance for the fr
Takagi A, Bagnato C, Burdet E, 2016, Facing the partner influences exchanges in force, Scientific Reports, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-2322
Many studies in psychology have documented how the behaviour of verbally communicating pairs is affected by social factors such as the partner's gaze. However, few studies have examined whether physically interacting pairs are influenced by social factors. Here, we asked two partners to exchange forces with one another, where the goal was to accurately replicate the force back onto the other. We first measured an individual's accuracy in reproducing a force from a robot. We then tested pairs who knowingly exchanged forces whilst separated by a curtain. These separated pairs exchanged forces as two independent individuals would, hence the force reproduction accuracy of partners is not affected by knowingly reproducing a force onto a nonvisible partner. On the other hand, pairs who exchanged forces whilst facing one another consistently under-reproduced the partner's force in comparison to separated partners. Thus, the force reproduction accuracy of subjects is strongly biased by facing a partner.
Mace M, Rinne P, Kinany N, et al., 2016, Collaborative gaming to enhance patient performance during virtual therapy, 3rd International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR), Publisher: Springer International Publishing AG, Pages: 375-379, ISSN: 2195-3562
We present a collaborative training game, based on a novel task where the participants are virtually but dynamically coupled and require collective actions for successful task completion. This can be considered a new type of interpersonal interaction which both increases player motivation during training (compared to single-player participation) and also intrinsically balances the skill levels of the two partners without the need for an additional procedure. This is achieved by a temporary averaging, during collaboration, of the individual performance’s which leads to a more balanced playing field and challenge point being set for both partners.
Rinne P, Mace M, Nakornchai T, et al., 2016, Democratizing Neurorehabilitation: How Accessible are Low-Cost Mobile-Gaming Technologies for Self-Rehabilitation of Arm Disability in Stroke?, PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
Motor-training software on tablets or smartphones (Apps) offer a low-cost, widely-available solution to supplement arm physiotherapy after stroke. We assessed the proportions of hemiplegic stroke patients who, with their plegic hand, could meaningfully engage with mobile-gaming devices using a range of standard control-methods, as well as by using a novel wireless grip-controller, adapted for neurodisability. We screened all newly-diagnosed hemiplegic stroke patients presenting to a stroke centre over 6 months. Subjects were compared on their ability to control a tablet or smartphone cursor using: finger-swipe, tap, joystick, screen-tilt, and an adapted handgrip. Cursor control was graded as: no movement (0); less than full-range movement (1); full-range movement (2); directed movement (3). In total, we screened 345 patients, of which 87 satisfied recruitment criteria and completed testing. The commonest reason for exclusion was cognitive impairment. Using conventional controls, the proportion of patients able to direct cursor movement was 38-48%; and to move it full-range was 55-67% (controller comparison: p>0.1). By comparison, handgrip enabled directed control in 75%, and full-range movement in 93% (controller comparison: p<0.001). This difference between controllers was most apparent amongst severely-disabled subjects, with 0% achieving directed or full-range control with conventional controls, compared to 58% and 83% achieving these two levels of movement, respectively, with handgrip. In conclusion, hand, or arm, training Apps played on conventional mobile devices are likely to be accessible only to mildly-disabled stroke patients. Technological adaptations such as grip-control can enable more severely affected subjects to engage with self-training software.
Veneman JF, Burdet E, van der Kooij H, et al., 2016, EMERGING DIRECTIONS IN LOWER LIMB EXTERNALLY WEARABLE ROBOTS FOR GAIT REHABILITATION AND AUGMENTATION - A REVIEW, 19th International Conference series on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines (CLAWAR), Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Pages: 840-850
Wang C, Xiao Y, Burdet E, et al., 2016, The duration of reaching movement is longer than predicted by minimum variance, Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol: 116, Pages: 2342-2345, ISSN: 1522-1598
Whether the CNS minimizes variability or effort in planning arm movements can be tested by measuring the preferred movement duration and end-point variability. Here, we conducted an experiment in which subjects performed arm-reaching movements without visual feedback in fast, medium, slow, and preferred duration conditions. Results show that (i) total endpoint variance was smallest in the medium duration condition, and (ii) subjects preferred to carry out movements that were slower than this medium duration condition. A parsimonious explanation for the overall pattern of end-point errors across fast, medium, preferred, and slow movement durations is that movements are planned to minimize effort as well as endpoint error due to both signal-dependent and constant noise.
Dzeladini F, Wu AR, Renjewski D, et al., 2016, Effects of a neuromuscular controller on a powered ankle exoskeleton during human walking, Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), 2016 6th IEEE International Conference on, Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 617-622, ISSN: 2155-1782
Wearable devices to assist abnormal gaits require controllers that interact with the user in an intuitive and unobtrusive manner. To design such a controller, we investigated a bio-inspired walking controller for orthoses and prostheses. We present (i) a Simulink neuromuscular control library derived from a computational model of reflexive neuromuscular control of human gait with a central pattern generator (CPG) extension, (ii) an ankle reflex controller for the Achilles exoskeleton derived from the library, and (iii) the mechanics and energetics of healthy subjects walking with an actuated ankle orthosis using the proposed controller. As this controller was designed to mimic human reflex patterns during locomotion, we hypothesize that walking with this controller would lead to lower energetic costs, compared to walking with the added mass of the device only, and allow for walking at different speeds without explicit control. Preliminary results suggest that the neuromuscular controller does not disturb walking dynamics in both slow and normal walking cases and can also reduce the net metabolic cost compared to transparent mode of the device. Reductions in tibialis anterior and soleus activity were observed, suggesting the controller could be suitable, in future work, for augmenting or replacing normal walking functions. We also investigated the impedance patterns generated by the neuromuscular controller. The validity of the equivalent variable impedance controller, particularly in stance phase, can facilitate serving subject-specific features by linking impedance measurement and neuromuscular controller.
Li Z, Yang C, Burdet E, 2016, An Overview of Biomedical Robotics and Bio-Mechatronics Systems and Applications, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man Cybernetics-Systems, Vol: 46, Pages: 869-874, ISSN: 2168-2216
Tjahjowidodo T, Zhu K, Dailey W, et al., 2016, Multi-source micro-friction identification for a class of cable-driven robots with passive backbone, MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Vol: 80, Pages: 152-165, ISSN: 0888-3270
Reinkensmeyer DJ, Burdet E, Casadio M, et al., 2016, Computational neurorehabilitation: modeling plasticity and learning to predict recovery, Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1743-0003
Despite progress in using computational approaches to inform medicine and neuroscience in the last 30 years, there have been few attempts to model the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor rehabilitation. We argue that a fundamental understanding of neurologic recovery, and as a result accurate predictions at the individual level, will be facilitated by developing computational models of the salient neural processes, including plasticity and learning systems of the brain, and integrating them into a context specific to rehabilitation. Here, we therefore discuss Computational Neurorehabilitation, a newly emerging field aimed at modeling plasticity and motor learning to understand and improve movement recovery of individuals with neurologic impairment. We first explain how the emergence of robotics and wearable sensors for rehabilitation is providing data that make development and testing of such models increasingly feasible. We then review key aspects of plasticity and motor learning that such models will incorporate. We proceed by discussing how computational neurorehabilitation models relate to the current benchmark in rehabilitation modeling – regression-based, prognostic modeling. We then critically discuss the first computational neurorehabilitation models, which have primarily focused on modeling rehabilitation of the upper extremity after stroke, and show how even simple models have produced novel ideas for future investigation. Finally, we conclude with key directions for future research, anticipating that soon we will see the emergence of mechanistic models of motor recovery that are informed by clinical imaging results and driven by the actual movement content of rehabilitation therapy as well as wearable sensor-based records of daily activity.
Kolossiatis M, Charalambous T, Burdet E, 2016, How Variability and Effort Determine Coordination at Large Forces, PLOS One, Vol: 11, ISSN: 1932-6203
Motor control is a challenging task for the central nervous system, since it involves redundant degrees of freedom, nonlinear dynamics of actuators and limbs, as well as noise. When an action is carried out, which factors does your nervous system consider to determine the appropriate set of muscle forces between redundant degrees-of-freedom? Important factors determining motor output likely encompass effort and the resulting motor noise. However, the tasks used in many previous motor control studies could not identify these two factors uniquely, as signal-dependent noise monotonically increases as a function of the effort. To address this, a recent paper introduced a force control paradigm involving one finger in each hand that can disambiguate these two factors. It showed that the central nervous system considers both force noise and amplitude, with a larger weight on the absolute force and lower weights on both noise and normalized force. While these results are valid for the relatively low force range considered in that paper, the magnitude of the force shared between the fingers for large forces is not known. This paper investigates this question experimentally, and develops an appropriate Markov chain Monte Carlo method in order to estimate the weightings given to these factors. Our results demonstrate that the force sharing strongly depends on the force level required, so that for higher force levels the normalized force is considered as much as the absolute force, whereas the role of noise minimization becomes negligible.
Abdi E, Burdet E, Bouri M, et al., 2016, In a demanding task, three-handed manipulation is preferred to two-handed manipulation., Scientific Reports, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-2322
Equipped with a third hand under their direct control, surgeons may be able to perform certain surgical interventions alone; this would reduce the need for a human assistant and related coordination difficulties. However, does human performance improve with three hands compared to two hands? To evaluate this possibility, we carried out a behavioural study on the performance of naive adults catching objects with three virtual hands controlled by their two hands and right foot. The subjects could successfully control the virtual hands in a few trials. With this control strategy, the workspace of the hands was inversely correlated with the task velocity. The comparison of performance between the three and two hands control revealed no significant difference of success in catching falling objects and in average effort during the tasks. Subjects preferred the three handed control strategy, found it easier, with less physical and mental burden. Although the coordination of the foot with the natural hands increased trial after trial, about two minutes of practice was not sufficient to develop a sense of ownership towards the third arm.
Riillo F, Bagnato C, Allievi AG, et al., 2016, A Simple fMRI Compatible Robotic Stimulator to Study the Neural Mechanisms of Touch and Pain., Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 44, Pages: 2431-2441, ISSN: 1573-9686
This paper presents a simple device for the investigation of the human somatosensory system with functional magnetic imaging (fMRI). PC-controlled pneumatic actuation is employed to produce innocuous or noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin. Stimulation patterns are synchronized with fMRI and other relevant physiological measurements like electroencephalographic activity and vital physiological parameters. The system allows adjustable regulation of stimulation parameters and provides consistent patterns of stimulation. A validation experiment demonstrates that the system safely and reliably identifies clusters of functional activity in brain regions involved in the processing of pain. This new device is inexpensive, portable, easy-to-assemble and customizable to suit different experimental requirements. It provides robust and consistent somatosensory stimulation, which is of crucial importance to investigating the mechanisms of pain and its strong connection with the sense of touch.
Ong HT, Tong LZ, Tan JX, et al., 2016, Pediatric rehabilitation of upper limb function using novel robotic device reachMAN2, Pages: 1-7
Studies of robotic therapy for adults with physical disabilities due to stroke have been an active field of research for the last two decades and the results suggest that stroke patients can benefit from this kind of therapy. Due to the success of robot-assisted rehabilitation in adults, it is reasonable to believe that this approach may be well suited to the needs of children with physical disabilities. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of three children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, using the reachMAN2, a novel robotic device for the pediatric rehabilitation of upper limb function. The device has two degrees-of-freedom to train pinching, forearm supination/pronation and wrist flexion/ extension movements. An interactive computer game was developed to increase subjects' participation and engagement during the robotic rehabilitation. Pinching, with the index finger and thumb, forearm supination/pronation as well as wrist flexion/extension were trained two or three times a week for 15 minutes each. There was a total of 10 training sessions in four weeks. The results showed significant improvement in movement precision, range of motion as well as motor skill measurements using the Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2).
Allievi AG, Arichi T, Tusor N, et al., 2016, Maturation of Sensori-Motor Functional Responses in the Preterm Brain., Cerebral Cortex, ISSN: 1460-2199
Preterm birth engenders an increased risk of conditions like cerebral palsy and therefore this time may be crucial for the brain's developing sensori-motor system. However, little is known about how cortical sensori-motor function matures at this time, whether development is influenced by experience, and about its role in spontaneous motor behavior. We aimed to systematically characterize spatial and temporal maturation of sensori-motor functional brain activity across this period using functional MRI and a custom-made robotic stimulation device. We studied 57 infants aged from 30 + 2 to 43 + 2 weeks postmenstrual age. Following both induced and spontaneous right wrist movements, we saw consistent positive blood oxygen level-dependent functional responses in the contralateral (left) primary somatosensory and motor cortices. In addition, we saw a maturational trend toward faster, higher amplitude, and more spatially dispersed functional responses; and increasing integration of the ipsilateral hemisphere and sensori-motor associative areas. We also found that interhemispheric functional connectivity was significantly related to ex-utero exposure, suggesting the influence of experience-dependent mechanisms. At term equivalent age, we saw a decrease in both response amplitude and interhemispheric functional connectivity, and an increase in spatial specificity, culminating in the establishment of a sensori-motor functional response similar to that seen in adults.
Wilhelm E, Mace M, Takagi A, et al., 2016, Investigating Tactile Sensation in the Hand Using a Robot-Based Tactile Assessment Tool, 10th International Conference on Haptics - Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications (EuroHaptics), Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 17-24, ISSN: 0302-9743
Ogrinc M, Farkhatdinov I, Walker R, et al., 2016, Deaf-Blind Can Practise Horse Riding with the Help of Haptics, 10th International Conference on Haptics - Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications (EuroHaptics), Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 452-461, ISSN: 0302-9743
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Jeanneret M, Bagnato C, Allievi AG, et al., 2016, A Versatile Robotic Haptic Stimulator to Study the Influence of Pain on Human Motor Control and Learning, 10th International Conference on Haptics - Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications (EuroHaptics), Publisher: SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 101-110, ISSN: 0302-9743
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Hussain A, Balasubramanian S, Lamers I, et al., 2016, Investigation of isometric strength and control of the upper extremities in multiple sclerosis., J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng, Vol: 3
Isometric force assessment can provide insights into strength and motor control in patients with neurological disabilities. This study investigated the connection between isometric strength and control in nine multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and four healthy subjects using a compact isometric setup. The participants carried out isometric assessment tasks in both upper extremities in six directions. Strength was measured through maximum voluntary force/torque (MVF/T), while control ability was measured by applying a constant force/torque of 25% of MVF/T. Isometric control was quantified using coefficient of variation, force directing ability, sample-entropy and spectral bandwidth. The MS patients were also assessed using two impairment measures (Motricity Index and hand-grip strength), and two activity measures (Action Research Arm Test and Nine Hole Peg Test). The results indicate that isometric strength and control (measured by spectral bandwidth) were correlated in most directions. Among the four control measures, spectral bandwidth - a measure introduced in this study - was found to be strongly related to the force/torque regularity as measured by sample-entropy. Isometric strength and spectral bandwidth for all directions were well correlated with the impairment measures, but their correlation with the activity scales was moderate and direction-dependent. Overall the results show potential for using the isometric setup and protocol for assessment in MS population.
Abdi E, Bouri M, Himidan S, et al., 2016, Third Arm Manipulation for Surgical Applications: An Experimental Study, 3rd International Workshop on Medical and Service Robots, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 153-163, ISSN: 2211-0984
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- Citations: 7
Angeles P, Mace M, Admiraal M, et al., 2016, A Wearable Automated System to Quantify Parkinsonian Symptoms Enabling Closed Loop Deep Brain Stimulation, 17th Annual Conference on Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems (TAROS), Publisher: SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 8-19, ISSN: 0302-9743
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- Citations: 5
Balasubramanian S, Melendez-Calderon A, Roby-Brami A, et al., 2015, On the analysis of movement smoothness, Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1743-0003
Quantitative measures of smoothness play an important role in the assessment of sensorimotor impairment and motor learning. Traditionally, movement smoothness has been computed mainly for discrete movements, in particular arm, reaching and circle drawing, using kinematic data. There are currently very few studies investigating smoothness of rhythmic movements, and there is no systematic way of analysing the smoothness of such movements. There is also very little work on the smoothness of other movement related variables such as force, impedance etc. In this context, this paper presents the first step towards a unified framework for the analysis of smoothness of arbitrary movements and using various data. It starts with a systematic definition of movement smoothness and the different factors that influence smoothness, followed by a review of existing methods for quantifying the smoothness of discrete movements. A method is then introduced to analyse the smoothness of rhythmic movements by generalising the techniques developed for discrete movements. We finally propose recommendations for analysing smoothness of any general sensorimotor behaviour.
Balasubramanian S, Melendez-Calderon A, Roby-Brami A, et al., 2015, On the analysis of movement smoothness., Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1743-0003
Quantitative measures of smoothness play an important role in the assessment of sensorimotor impairment and motor learning. Traditionally, movement smoothness has been computed mainly for discrete movements, in particular arm, reaching and circle drawing, using kinematic data. There are currently very few studies investigating smoothness of rhythmic movements, and there is no systematic way of analysing the smoothness of such movements. There is also very little work on the smoothness of other movement related variables such as force, impedance etc. In this context, this paper presents the first step towards a unified framework for the analysis of smoothness of arbitrary movements and using various data. It starts with a systematic definition of movement smoothness and the different factors that influence smoothness, followed by a review of existing methods for quantifying the smoothness of discrete movements. A method is then introduced to analyse the smoothness of rhythmic movements by generalising the techniques developed for discrete movements. We finally propose recommendations for analysing smoothness of any general sensorimotor behaviour.
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