Publications
178 results found
Huguet-Torres A, Bennasar-Veny M, Castro-Sánchez E, et al., 2024, [Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic]., Rev Esp Salud Publica, Vol: 98
OBJECTIVE: During COVID-19 pandemic, prevention measures were implemented to mitigate the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Compliance with these measures was influenced by several sociodemographic and environmental factors. However, literature addressing compliance with these prevention measures among the general population remains limited. The study aimed to assess the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors and mask usage during close contact situations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,778 individuals identified through close contact tracing of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by the COVID-19 Coordination Center of Mallorca, from February to June 2021. A descriptive analysis was conducted, and a logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate factors associated with mask non-compliance. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.8±17.4 years, with 53.6% being female. Among close contacts, 60.8% (95% CI: 57.8-62.3) did not use masks during their contact. No significant differences were observed between genders or across age groups (p=0.497 and p=0.536, respectively). Factors linked to mask non-compliance included the home setting, indoor spaces without ventilation, and closer physical distances (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that mask adherence was notably lower among close contacts exposed to higher risk. In future public health crises, interventions should be developed to raise awareness about risks and promote adherence to preventive and control measures.
Gusmão VCDL, Flausino TGDC, Couto DS, et al., 2024, Adapting the Nominal Group Technique to a virtual version: an experience report., Rev Esc Enferm USP, Vol: 58
OBJECTIVE: To report on the adaptations made to the original Nominal Group Technique (NGT), allowing it to be applied to the virtual format, preserving all its key elements. METHOD: An experience report on the adaptations and adjustments made to the original NGT to the virtual format using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), using digital tools that are available free of charge or are low cost and easy to use. RESULTS: The NGT was carried out entirely virtually and underwent adaptations in each of its four stages through the incorporation of specific digital resources. It was possible to present the most voted ideas and obtain final approval from the participants. The participants had no difficulty in using the virtual resources provided and, based on the reaction evaluation, they were satisfied with the tools provided. CONCLUSION: The adapted NGT proved to be an effective method when used in a virtual setting, capable of producing a significant number of ideas and developing consensus. The adapted tool can be used by other researchers in countries with similar resources or dimensions to Brazil.
Gusmão VCDL, Flausino TGDC, Couto DS, et al., 2024, Adaptação da Técnica de Grupo Nominal para versão virtual: relato de experiência, Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, Vol: 58, ISSN: 0080-6234
<jats:p>RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar as adaptações realizadas na Técnica de Grupo Nominal (TGN) original, permitindo sua aplicação ao formato virtual, preservando todos os seus elementos-chave. Método: Relato de experiência sobre as adaptações e adequações realizadas na TGN original ao formato virtual aplicando as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), por meio de ferramentas digitais disponibilizadas gratuitamente ou de baixo custo e de fácil manejo. Resultados: A TGN foi realizada integralmente de forma virtual e sofreu adaptações em cada uma das suas quatro etapas através da incorporação de recursos digitais específicos. Foi possível apresentar as ideias mais votadas e obter a aprovação final dos participantes. Os participantes não apresentaram dificuldade para utilizar os recursos virtuais disponibilizados, e, partir da avaliação de reação, mostram-se satisfeitos com as ferramentas disponibilizadas. Conclusão: A TGN adaptada mostrou-se um método efetivo quando utilizada em cenário virtual, sendo capaz de produzir um significativo número de ideias e desenvolver consenso. A ferramenta adaptada pode ser usada por outros pesquisadores em países com recursos ou dimensões semelhantes ao Brasil.</jats:p>
Blanco-Mavillard I, Personat-Labrador C, Castro-Sánchez E, et al., 2023, Interventions to reduce peripheral intravenous catheter failure: An international e-Delphi consensus on relevance and feasibility of implementation., J Infect Public Health, Vol: 16, Pages: 1994-2000
BACKGROUND: Around 1 billion peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) fail annually worldwide before prescribed intravenous therapy is completed, resulting in avoidable complications, dissatisfaction, and avoidable costs surging to ∼€4bn. We aimed to provide an international consensus on relevance and feasibility of clinical practice guideline recommendations to reduce PIVC failure. METHODS: e-Delphi study with three rounds through an online questionnaire from March-September 2020 recruiting a multispecialty panel formed by clinicians, managers, academic researchers, and experts in implementation from seven developed and three developing countries, reflecting on experience in PIVC care and implementation of evidence. Further, we included a panel of chronic patients with previous experience in the insert, maintenance, and management of PIVC and intravenous therapy from Ireland and Spain as public and patient involvement (PPI) panel. All experts and patients scored each item on a 4-point Likert scale to assess the relevance and feasibility. We considered consensus descriptor in which the median was 4 with less than or equal to 1,5 interquartile intervals. FINDINGS: Over 90% participants (16 experts) completed the questionnaire on all rounds and 100% PPI (5 patients) completed round 1 due to high consensus they achieved. Our Delphi approach included 49 descriptors, which resulted in an agreed 30 across six domains emerged from the related to (i) general asepsis and cutaneous antisepsis (n = 4), (ii) catheter adequacy and insertion (n = 3), (iii) catheter and catheter site care (n = 6), (iv) catheter removal and replacement strategies (n = 4), (v) general principles for catheter management (n = 10), and (vi) organisational environment (n = 3). CONCLUSION: We provide an international consensus of relevant recommendations for PIVC, deemed feasible to implement in clinical settings. In addition, this metho
Capitán-Moyano L, Cañellas-Iniesta N, Arias-Fernández M, et al., 2023, Environmental factors of food insecurity in adolescents: A scoping review protocol, PLoS One, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1932-6203
Food insecurity in recent years has increased worldwide due to many planetary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, the climate crisis, and globalization of markets. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable group to food insecurity, as they enter adulthood with less parental supervision and greater personal autonomy, but less legislative or institutional protection. The experience of food insecurity in adolescents is influenced by several environmental factors at different levels (interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal), although they are not usually addressed in the design of interventions, prioritizing the individual behavioural factors. We present a scoping review protocol for assessing and identifying the environmental factors that could influence adolescents' food insecurity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to prepare the protocol. The search strategy will be performed in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, EBSCOHost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The reference list of the included studies will also be hand-searched. Grey literature will be search through the electronic database Grey Literature Report, and local, provincial, national, and international organisations' websites. Assessment of eligibility after screening of titles, abstract and full text, and the resolution of discrepancies will be performed by three independent reviewers. This scoping review will contribute to refine the "logic model of the problem" which constitutes the first step in the intervention mapping protocol. The "logic model of the problem" from the intervention mapping protocol will serve to classify and analyse the environmental factors. The findings from this review will be presented to relevant stakeholders that have a role in shaping
Vila-Candel R, Martin-Arribas A, Castro-Sánchez E, et al., 2023, Perinatal outcomes at birth in women infected and non-infected with SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective study, Healthcare, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2227-9032
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic and public health emergency on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. Different clinical trials on the efficacy of mRNA vaccination have excluded pregnant women, leading to a lack of empirical evidence on the efficacy of the vaccine in this population. The aim of the study was to examine the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in infected and non-infected women from a university hospital in Spain. METHODS: The data were obtained from electronic health records from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2022. A bivariate descriptive analysis was performed, comparing women with and without confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy using the chi-square test. A multivariate logistic regression was complementarily conducted to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 2676 women were divided into two groups: non-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 2624) and infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 52). Infected women were primarily multiparous (p < 0.03) and had received an incomplete vaccination regimen (p < 0.001). A greater incidence of premature rupture of membranes (p < 0.04) was observed among the non-infected women. Pertaining to perinatal outcomes, there was a notable rise in NICU admissions (p < 0.014), coupled with an extended duration of stay (p < 0.04), for neonates born to infected mothers in comparison to their non-infected counterparts. CONCLUSION: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection may pose significant risks to pregnant women and their infants, adverse obstetrical/puerperal outcomes do not significantly differ between women infected and non-infected to SARS-CoV-2 in our study. NICU admissions were higher for neonates born to infected mothers. Additionally, coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination during pregnancy is
de Graaf Y, Oomen B, Castro-Sanchéz E, et al., 2023, Nurses’ roles, views and knowledge regarding vaccines and vaccination: A pan-European survey, International Journal of Care Coordination, Vol: 26, Pages: 129-136, ISSN: 2053-4345
Introduction: Nurses play a crucial part in responding to pandemics. Not only are they often in direct contact with patients but nurses also can inform and educate the general public regarding vaccination. Mapping nurses’ preferences and knowledge on the value of vaccination can contribute to shaping policy, generate support for policy measures and help address vaccination hesitancy. Methods: The present exploratory study was based on an electronic survey distributed amongst nurses working in Europe. Analysis included descriptive statistics to summarize knowledge levels, attitudes and demographics and tests for associations. Results: Of 103 respondents, most assessed their knowledge about vaccines, the immune system and pathogens on a medium level. Most respondents agreed that the best policy is to leave influenza vaccination voluntary for healthcare workers and vulnerable groups, but to make COVID-19 vaccination mandatory. Country of employment of respondents was associated with their preferred policy of influenza- and COVID-19 vaccination. Most needed by nurses in the current study to increase their involvement in vaccination programs were improved perceptions amongst patients and society at large. To perform better in responding to future pandemics, the most needed type of institutional support was continuous free nursing education. Discussion: This study emphasizes a need for more nurse-generated data regarding the value of vaccination. Complexity of vaccine-related decision-making was highlighted by findings that opinions of nurses on (vaccination-) policy differ between influenza- and COVID vaccines and appear to be influenced by the policy environment in their country of employment.
Castro-Sanchez E, Mena-Tudela D, 2023, Strategies for policy competence education for nurses., Evid Based Nurs, Vol: 26
Castro-Sánchez E, 2023, Cuidados enfermeros frente al reto planetario de la crisis climática: si no ahora, ¿cuándo?, Enfermería Clínica, Vol: 33, Pages: 257-250, ISSN: 1130-8621
Castro-Sánchez E, 2023, Nursing care towards the global challenges of the climate crisis: if not now, when?, Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), Vol: 33, Pages: 247-250, ISSN: 1579-2013
Nampoothiri V, Mbamalu O, Surendran S, et al., 2023, The elephant in the room: Exploring the influence and participation of patients in infection-related care across surgical pathways in South Africa and India, HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Vol: 26, Pages: 892-904, ISSN: 1369-6513
Capitán-Moyano L, Arias-Fernández M, Bennasar-Veny M, et al., 2023, (In)seguridad alimentaria en adolescentes: del paternalismo a la justicia social, Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, Vol: 97, Pages: e1-e4, ISSN: 1135-5727
Birgand G, Ahmad R, Bulabula ANH, et al., 2022, Innovation for infection prevention and control-revisiting Pasteur's vision, LANCET, Vol: 400, Pages: 2250-2260, ISSN: 0140-6736
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Eichel VM, Brühwasser C, Castro-Sánchez E, et al., 2022, Cross-site collaboration on infection prevention and control research-room for improvement? A 7-year comparative study in five European countries., Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 2047-2994
BACKGROUND: The spread of SARS-CoV-2, multidrug-resistant organisms and other healthcare-associated pathogens represents supra-regional challenges for infection prevention and control (IPC) specialists in every European country. To tackle these problems, cross-site research collaboration of IPC specialists is very important. This study assesses the extent and quality of national research collaborations of IPC departments of university hospitals located in Austria, England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, identifies network gaps, and provides potential solutions. METHODS: Joint publications of IPC heads of all university hospitals of the included countries between 1st of June 2013 until 31st of May 2020 were collected by Pubmed/Medline search. Further, two factors, the journal impact factor and the type/position of authorship, were used to calculate the Scientific Collaboration Impact (SCI) for all included sites; nationwide network analysis was performed. RESULTS: In five European countries, 95 sites and 125 responsible leaders for IPC who had been in charge during the study period were identified. Some countries such as Austria have only limited national research cooperations, while the Netherlands has established a gapless network. Most effective collaborating university site of each country were Lille with an SCI of 1146, Rotterdam (408), Berlin (268), Sussex (204), and Vienna/Innsbruck (18). DISCUSSION: The present study indicates major differences and room for improvement in IPC research collaborations within each country and underlines the potential and importance of collaborating in IPC.
Chater AM, Family H, Abraao LM, et al., 2022, Influences on nurses' engagement in antimicrobial stewardship behaviours: a multi-country survey using the Theoretical Domains Framework, JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION, Vol: 129, Pages: 171-180, ISSN: 0195-6701
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O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Moreno A, Bosque-Prous M, et al., 2022, Responding to the need of postgraduate education for Planetary Health: development of an online Master's Degree, Frontiers in Public Health, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2296-2565
Planetary Health has emerged as a new approach to respond to the existential risks that the clime and global environmental crises pose to human societies. As stated by various stakeholders, the challenges involved in Planetary Health are of such magnitude that education must be at the forefront to obtain a meaningful response. Universities and higher education institutions have been specifically called to embed the concept of planetary stewardship in all curricula and train the next generation of researchers and change makers as a matter of urgency. As a response to this call, the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), and the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) developed the first online and asynchronous Master in Science (MSc) in Planetary Health. The aim of the programme is to train a new generation of academics and professionals who understand the challenges of Planetary Health and have tools to tackle them. This article describes the development of the curriculum of this MSc, presents the main characteristics of the programme and discusses some of the challenges encountered in the development of the programme and its implementation. The design of this MSc was based on: the alignment of the programme with the principles for Planetary Health education with a focus on human health; a multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary approach; the urgency to respond to the Anthropocene challenges; and the commitment to the 2030 Agenda. The MSc was recognized as an official degree by the Agency for Quality of the Catalan University System, included in the European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education, and the Spanish National Academic Coordination body in April 2021 and launched in October 2021. There are currently more than 50 students enrolled in the program coming from a broad range of disciplines and geographic locations. The information presented in this article and the discussion on challenges encountered in dev
Surendran S, Castro-Sanchez E, Nampoothiri V, et al., 2022, Indispensable yet invisible: A qualitative study of carer roles in infection prevention in a South Indian hospital, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol: 123, Pages: 84-91, ISSN: 1201-9712
Objectives We investigated the roles of patient carers in infection-related care on surgical wards in a South Indian hospital, from the perspective of healthcare workers (HCW), patients, and their carers. Methods Ethnographic study including ward-round observations (138 hours) and face-to-face interviews (44 HCW, 6 patients/carers). Data (field notes, interview transcripts) were coded in NVivo 12 and thematically analysed. Data collection and analysis were iterative, recursive and continued until thematic saturation. Results Carers have important, unrecognised roles. In the study site, institutional expectations are formalised in policies demanding a carer to always accompany inpatients. Such intense presence embeds families in the patient care environment, as demonstrated by their high engagement in direct personal (bathing patients) and clinical care (wound care). Carers actively participate in discussions on patient progress with HCWs, including therapeutic options. There is a misalignment between how carers are positioned by the organisation (through policy mandates, institutional practices, and HCWs expectations), and the role that they play in practice, resulting in their role, though indispensable, remaining unrecognised. Conclusion Current models of patient and carer involvement in infection prevention and control (IPC) are poorly aligned with socio-cultural and contextual aspects of care. Culture-sensitive IPC policies which embrace the roles that carers play are urgently needed.
Castro-Sánchez E, Bosanquet J, Courtenay M, et al., 2022, Nurses: an underused, vital asset against drug-resistant infections, The Lancet, Vol: 400, Pages: 729-729, ISSN: 0140-6736
Blanco-Mavillard I, Castro-Sánchez E, Parra-García G, et al., 2022, What Fuels Suboptimal Care of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter-related Infections in Hospitals? – a Qualitative Study of Decision-making Among Spanish Nurses, Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, ISSN: 2047-2994
<h4>Background: </h4> Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are commonly used in hospital worldwide. However, PIVC are not exempt from complications. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) increase morbidity and mortality rates, and costs for the healthcare organization. PIVC care is shaped by the complex mix of professional and organizational culture, such as knowledge gaps, low perception of impact of PIVCs on patient safety, or lack of hospital guidelines. <h4>Aim:</h4> To explore determinants of decision-making about the prevention of PIVC-BSI among nurses in Spanish hospitals. <h4>Methods:</h4> We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured interviews in three public hospitals, the Balearic Islands Health Care Service in Spain. We considered hospital ward nurses working routinely with inpatients at any of the three hospitals for enrolment in the study. We approached relevant informants to identify suitable participants who recruited other participants through a ‘snowball’ technique. Fourteen inpatient nurses from the hospital took part in this study between September and November 2018. We employed several triangulation strategies to underpin the methodological rigour of our analysis and conducted the member checking, showing the information and codes applied in the recording of the interviews to identify the coherence and any discrepancies of the discourse by participants. We used the COREQ checklist for this study. <h4>Findings:</h4> We identified four major themes in the analysis related to determinants of care: The fog of decision-making in PIVC; The taskification of PIVC care; PIVC care is accepted to be suboptimal, yet irrelevant; and PIVC care gaps may reflect behavioural shortcomings, yet solutions proposed to involve education and training. <h4>Conclusion:</h4> The clinical management of PIVCs appear ambiguous, unclear, and fragmented, with no clear pro
Blanco-Mavillard I, Castro-Sanchez E, Parra-Garcia G, et al., 2022, What fuels suboptimal care of peripheral intravenous catheter-related infections in hospitals? A qualitative study of decision-making among Spanish nurses, Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 2047-2994
BackgroundPeripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are commonly used in hospital worldwide. However, PIVC are not exempt from complications. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) increase morbidity and mortality rates, and costs for the healthcare organization. PIVC care is shaped by the complex mix of professional and organizational culture, such as knowledge gaps, low perception of impact of PIVCs on patient safety, or lack of hospital guidelines.AimTo explore determinants of decision-making about the prevention of PIVC-BSI among nurses in Spanish hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured interviews in three public hospitals, the Balearic Islands Health Care Service in Spain. We considered hospital ward nurses working routinely with inpatients at any of the three hospitals for enrolment in the study. We approached relevant informants to identify suitable participants who recruited other participants through a ‘snowball’ technique. Fourteen inpatient nurses from the hospital took part in this study between September and November 2018. We employed several triangulation strategies to underpin the methodological rigour of our analysis and conducted the member checking, showing the information and codes applied in the recording of the interviews to identify the coherence and any discrepancies of the discourse by participants. We used the COREQ checklist for this study.FindingsWe identified four major themes in the analysis related to determinants of care: The fog of decision-making in PIVC; The taskification of PIVC care; PIVC care is accepted to be suboptimal, yet irrelevant; and chasms between perceived determinants of poor PIVC care and its solutions.ConclusionThe clinical management of PIVCs appear ambiguous, unclear, and fragmented, with no clear professional responsibility and no nurse leadership, causing a gap in preventing infections. Furthermore, the perception of low risk on PIVC care impact can ca
Courtenay M, Castro-Sanchez E, Gallagher R, et al., 2022, The delivery of antimicrobial stewardship competencies in United Kingdom pre-registration nurse education programmes: A national cross-sectional survey (vol 121, pg 39, 2022), JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION, Vol: 124, Pages: 123-123, ISSN: 0195-6701
Vila-Candel R, Gonzalez-Chorda VM, Javier Soriano-Vidal F, et al., 2022, Obstetric-neonatal care during birth and postpartum in symptomatic and asymptomatic women infected with SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective multicenter study, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1660-4601
This study analyses the obstetric–neonatal outcomes of women in labour with symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19. A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was carried out between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021 in eight public hospitals in the Valencian community (Spain). The chi-squared test compared the obstetric–neonatal outcomes and general care for symptomatic and asymptomatic women. In total, 11,883 births were assisted in participating centers, with 10.9 per 1000 maternities (n = 130) infected with SARS-CoV-2. The 20.8% were symptomatic and had more complications both upon admission (p = 0.042) and during puerperium (p = 0.042), as well as transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). The percentage of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was greater among offspring of symptomatic women compared to infants born of asymptomatic women (p < 0.001). Compared with asymptomatic women, those with symptoms underwent less labour companionship (p = 0.028), less early skin-to-skin contact (p = 0.029) and greater mother–infant separation (p = 0.005). The overall maternal mortality rate was 0.8%. No vertical transmission was recorded. In conclusion, symptomatic infected women are at increased risk of lack of labour companionship, mother–infant separation, and admission to the ICU, as well as to have preterm births and for NICU admissions
Valero-Chilleron MJ, Mena-Tudela D, Cervera-Gasch A, et al., 2022, Influence of health literacy on maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum: a multicentre study, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1660-4601
Background: International organizations recommend initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of life and maintaining exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. However, worldwide rates of exclusive breastfeeding for 6-month-old infants is far from meeting the goal proposed by the World Health Organization, which is to reach a minimum of 50% of infants. Education is one of the factors affecting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, and incidentally, it is also related to lower health literacy. This study explored the influence of health literacy on maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum. Methods: A longitudinal multicenter study with 343 women were recruited between January 2019 and January 2020. The first questionnaire was held during the puerperium (24–48 h) with mothers practicing exclusive breastfeeding, with whom 6-month postpartum breastfeeding follow-up was performed. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric variables were collected. Breastfeeding efficiency was assessed using the LATCH breastfeeding assessment tool. The health literacy level was evaluated by the Newest Vital Sign screening tool. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to detect protective factors for early exclusive breastfeeding cessation. Results: One third of the women continued exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum. Approximately half the participants had a low or inadequate health literacy level. An adequate health literacy level, a high LATCH breastfeeding assessment tool score (>9 points) and being married were the protective factors against exclusive breastfeeding cessation at 6 months postpartum. Conclusion: Health literacy levels are closely related to maintaining exclusive breastfeeding and act as a protective factor against early cessation. A specific instrument is needed to measure the lack of “literacy in breastfeeding”, in order to verify the relationship between health literacy and maintenance
Drobniewski F, Kusuma D, Broda A, et al., 2022, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in diverse groups in the UK — is the driver economic or cultural in student populations, Vaccines, Vol: 10, Pages: 501-501, ISSN: 2076-393X
Studies have identified a greater reluctance for members of the Black, Asian, and minority ethnic communities to be vaccinated against COVID-19 despite a higher probability of greater harm from COVID-19. We conducted an anonymised questionnaire-based study of students (recruiting primarily before first reports of embolic events) at two London universities to identify whether economic or educational levels were primarily responsible for this reluctance: a postgraduate core group (PGCC) n = 860, and a pilot study of undergraduate medical and nursing students (n = 103). Asian and Black students were 2.0 and 3.2 times (PGCC) less likely to accept the COVID vaccine than White British students. Similar findings were noted in the pilot study students. As the students were studying for Master’s or PhD degrees and voluntarily paying high fees, educational and economic reasons were unlikely to be the underlying cause, and wider cultural reservations were more likely. Politicians exerted a strong negative influence, suggesting that campaigns should omit politicians.
Courtenay M, Castro-Sanchez E, Gallagher R, et al., 2022, Delivery of antimicrobial stewardship competencies in UK pre-registration nurse education programmes: a national cross-sectional survey, JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION, Vol: 121, Pages: 39-48, ISSN: 0195-6701
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Nampoothiri V, Bonaconsa C, Bonaconsa S, et al., 2022, What does antimicrobial stewardship look like where you are? Global narratives from participants in a massive open online course, JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2632-1823
Background:Whilst antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is being implemented globally, contextual differences exist. We describe how the use of a massive open online course (MOOC) platform provided an opportunity to gather diverse narratives on AMS from around the world.Methods:A free 3 week MOOC titled ‘Tackling antimicrobial resistance: a social science approach’ was launched in November 2019. Learners were asked specific questions about their experiences of AMS via 38 optional free-text prompts dispersed throughout the modules. Content analysis was used to identify key emerging themes from the learners’ responses in the first three runs of the MOOC.Results:Between November 2019 and July 2020, 1464 learners enrolled from 114 countries. Overall, 199 individual learners provided a total of 1097 responses to the prompts. The diverse perspectives describe unique challenges present in different contexts including ill-defined roles for pharmacists and nurses in AMS; inadequate governance and policy inconsistencies in surveillance for antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some countries; lack of ownership of antibiotic decision-making and buy-in from different clinical specialties; and human resource and technological constraints. Patients’ knowledge, experiences and perspectives were recognized as a valuable source of information that should be incorporated in AMS initiatives to overcome cultural barriers to the judicious use of antibiotics.Conclusions:Analysis of learner comments and reflections identified a range of enablers and barriers to AMS implementation across different healthcare economies. Common challenges to AMS implementation included the role of non-physician healthcare workers, resource limitations, gaps in knowledge of AMR, and patient engagement and involvement in AMS.
Cervera-Gasch A, Mena-Tudela D, Castro-Sanchez E, et al., 2022, Necessary political competences for nurses from the perception of the student body: Cross-sectional study in Spain, NURSE EDUCATION TODAY, Vol: 109, ISSN: 0260-6917
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Charani E, Holmes A, Bonaconsa C, et al., 2021, Investigating infection management and antimicrobial stewardship in surgery: a qualitative study from India and South Africa, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol: 27, Pages: 1455-1464, ISSN: 1198-743X
Objectives To investigate the drivers for infection management and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) across high infection risk surgical pathways. Methods An qualitative study, ethnographic observation of clinical practices, patient case studies, and face-to-face interviews with healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients was conducted across cardiovascular and thoracic and gastrointestinal surgical pathways in South Africa (SA) and India. Aided by Nvivo 11 software, data were coded and analysed until saturation was reached. The multiple modes of enquiry enabled cross-validation and triangulation of findings.Results Between July 2018–August 2019 data were gathered from 190 hours of non-participant observations (138 India, 72 SA); interviews with HCPs (44 India, 61 SA); patients (6 India, 8 SA), and, case studies (4 India, 2 SA). Across the surgical pathway, multiple barriers impede effective infection management and AMS. The existing, implicit roles of HCPs (including nurses, and senior surgeons) are overlooked as interventions target junior doctors, bypassing the opportunity for integrating infection-related care across the surgical team. Critically, the ownership of decisions remains with the operating surgeons and entrenched hierarchies restrict the inclusion of other HCPs in decision-making. The structural foundations to enable staff to change their behaviours and participate in infection-related surgical care is lacking.ConclusionsIdentifying the implicit existing HCPs roles in infection management is critical and will facilitate the development of effective and transparent processes across the surgical team for optimised care. Applying a framework approach that includes nurse leadership, empowering pharmacists and engaging surgical leads is essential for integrated AMS and infection-related care. Keywords: antibiotic prescribing, infection control, ethnography, low- and middle-income country, surgery
Blanco-Mavillard I, Ernest de Pedro-Gomez J, Angel Rodriguez-Calero M, et al., 2021, Multimodal intervention for preventing peripheral intravenous catheter failure in adults (PREBACP) : a multicentre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial, LANCET HAEMATOLOGY, Vol: 8, Pages: E637-E647, ISSN: 2352-3026
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Charani E, McKee M, Ahmad R, et al., 2021, Optimising antimicrobial use in humans-review of current evidence and an interdisciplinary consensus on key priorities for research, The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 2666-7762
Addressing the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a focus of the 2021 G7 meeting. A major driver of AMR and poor clinical outcomes is suboptimal antimicrobial use. Current research in AMR is inequitably focused on new drug development. To achieve antimicrobial security we need to balance AMR research efforts between development of new agents and strategies to preserve the efficacy and maximise effectiveness of existing agents.Combining a review of current evidence and multistage engagement with diverse international stakeholders (including those in healthcare, public health, research, patient advocacy and policy) we identified research priorities for optimising antimicrobial use in humans across four broad themes: policy and strategic planning; medicines management and prescribing systems; technology to optimise prescribing; and context, culture and behaviours. Sustainable progress depends on: developing economic and contextually appropriate interventions; facilitating better use of data and prescribing systems across healthcare settings; supporting appropriate and scalable technological innovation. Implementing this strategy for AMR research on the optimisation of antimicrobial use in humans could contribute to equitable global health security.
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