Publications
236 results found
Greenhalgh ES, Ankersen J, Asp LE, et al., 2013, Mechanical and microstructural characterisation of multifunctional structural power composites, Pages: 2228-2237
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- Citations: 1
Greenhalgh ES, Bloodworth VM, Iannucci L, et al., 2013, Fractographic observations on Dyneema® composites under ballistic impact, COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING, Vol: 44, Pages: 51-62, ISSN: 1359-835X
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- Citations: 89
Shirshova N, Qian H, Shaffer MSP, et al., 2013, Structural composite supercapacitors, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 46, Pages: 96-107, ISSN: 1359-835X
This paper presents the development of multifunctional materials that perform a structural role whilst simultaneously storing electrical energy as a supercapacitor. Two structural carbon fibre woven electrodeswere separated by a woven glass fibre layer, and infused with a multifunctional polymer electrolyte. Following characterisation of electrochemical and compressive performance, working structural supercapacitor prototypes were demonstrated. Since the relative mechanical and electrical demands are application specific, an optimisation methodology is proposed. Multifunctional composites were achieved, which had compressive moduli of up to 39 GPa and capacitances of up to 52 mF g 1.
Shirshova N, Bismarck A, Carreyette S, et al., 2013, Structural supercapacitor electrolytes based on bicontinuous ionic liquid-epoxy resin systems, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, Vol: 1, Pages: 15300-15309, ISSN: 2050-7488
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- Citations: 118
Nguyen SN, Greenhalgh ES, Graham M, et al., 2012, Methodology for predicting the threat of runway debris impact to large transport aircraft, Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, ISSN: 0273-4508
Large transport aircraft are particularly susceptible to impact damage from runway debris thrown up by the landing gear. A methodology was developed to predict the trajectories of stones lofted by the nose wheel and subjected to aerodynamics forces due to the wake behind the nose landing gear and beneath the aircraft. In conjunction with finite element modeling of the stone/ground/tire contact mechanics, a Matlab model was used to perform a stochastic prediction of the trajectories of runway stones to generate impact threat maps which showed the relative likelihood of stones impinging upon various areas on the underside of a C-130 Hercules. The impact envelopes for the C-130 extended 2.4 to 17.5 meters behind the nose wheel and two meters either side of the center of the aircraft. The impact threat maps were especially sensitive to the values of the coefficients of lift and drag acting on the stone during its flight. © 2012 AIAA.
Greenhalgh ES, 2012, Cracking under pressure, MATERIALS WORLD, Vol: 20, Pages: 28-31, ISSN: 0967-8638
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- Citations: 1
Canturri C, Greenhalgh ES, Pinho ST, et al., 2012, Delamination Growth Directionality and the Subsequent Migration Processes - The Key to Damage Tolerant Design, 15th European Conference on Composite Materials
Bismarck A, Carreyette S, Fontana QPV, et al., 2012, Multifunctional epoxy resin for structural supercapacitors, 15th European Conference on Composite Materials, Publisher: European Socirty for Composite Materials, Pages: 1-8
Polymer-based electrolytes based on commercially available epoxy resins were prepared through the addition of a liquid electrolyte, a solution of a lithium salt in an ionic liquid. The polymer monoliths were characterized using impedance spectroscopy, 3-point bending test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The balance of ionic conductivity and flexural modulus is crucially dependent on the relative proportions of epoxy resin to electrolyte. Also the effect of the liquid electrolyte on curing kinetics and processing was assessed by complex viscosity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Only one out of the three resins investigated exhibited a significant acceleration effect.
Yasaee M, Bond IP, Trask RS, et al., 2012, Damage control using discrete thermoplastic film inserts, COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING, Vol: 43, Pages: 978-989, ISSN: 1359-835X
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- Citations: 31
SHAIK DAWOOD MSI, Iannucci L, Greenhalgh ES, et al., 2012, Low Velocity Impact Induced Delamination Control Using MFC Actuator, 8th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRACTURE AND STRENGTH OF SOLIDS
The potential use of MFC actuator as a tool for reducing low velocity impact induced delamination has been investigated using LS-DYNA explicit finite element code. An induced strain piezoelectric actuation model was implemented into LS-DYNA through its user defined material subroutine to simulate the piezoelectric effects while a cohesive based damage model was used to predict delamination. The numerical study confirmed that delamination could be reduced but the MFC required very high actuation voltages even in the case of very low energy impact which is not practically achievable with the existing actuator. Assuming powerful actuators are not something impossible in near future, this study provides useful information for advancing composite impact investigation using piezoelectric actuator as an integrated tool for improving its impact tolerance.
Pinho ST, Gutkin R, Pimenta S, et al., 2012, Fibre-dominated compressive failure in polymer matrix composites, Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites, Editors: Robinson, Greenhalgh, Pinho, Publisher: Woodhead Pub Limited, Pages: 183-224, ISBN: 9781845697501
Ankersen J, Greenhalgh ES, Tsampas SA, et al., 2012, Dynamic fracture in CFRP panels under compressive loading, ECCM 2012 - Composites at Venice, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials
Little is known about compression crack velocities, and methods to arrest them. Here a sandwich panel was used for characterisation of rapid crack propagation under compressive loading by means of high speed video in conjunction with Digital Image Correlation (DIC). A finite element modelling approach was developed and compared with the test data. This investigation included plain skin panels and panels with thickened regions which showed evidence of crack retardation.
Qian H, Diao HL, Houllé M, et al., 2012, Carbon fibre modifications for composite structural power devices, ECCM 2012 - Composites at Venice, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials
This research project focuses on the development of new multifunctional composite materials, which allow energy storage functionality to be imbued upon low weight structural components. A crucial requirement for efficient structural energy storage composites is the development of structural carbon fibre electrode materials that possess high electrochemical surface area and stability whilst supporting high mechanical loads. In the present work, a variety of carbon fibre modifications were investigated, including chemical activation, carbon nanotube (CNT) sizing and CNT-grafting. The effects of these different modification methods on the fibre surface microstructure, electrochemical, and mechanical performance were studied and compared. In the most promising cases, up to a hundred-fold improvement in electrical storage capacity was achieved. Furthermore, single fibre tensile tests demonstrated that the intrinsically excellent mechanical properties of the carbon fibre were retained after the modifications.
Greenhalgh ES, 2012, Structural power composites for hybrid vehicles (storage), ECCM 2012 - Composites at Venice, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials
Composite engineers have made considerable strides forward in the development of new constituents, architectures and processing routes, leading to an unprecedented ability to tailor and optimise the properties of the resulting composites. Recently there has been interest in developing multifunctional materials which exhibit duel, and distinctly different, capabilities. Structural power composites; multifunctional materials that carry mechanical loads whilst storing (and delivering) electrical energy, are the focus of this paper. The progress made by the STORAGE consortium, who have been using structural power materials for hybrid automotive applications, is presented. In particular, the progress made in the constituent development, the resulting composites, systems and demonstration is discussed.
Nguyen SN, Greenhalgh ES, Graham M, et al., 2012, Methodology for predicting the threat of runway debris impact to large transport aircraft
Large transport aircraft are particularly susceptible to impact damage from runway debris thrown up by the landing gear. A methodology was developed to predict the trajectories of stones lofted by the nose wheel and subjected to aerodynamics forces due to the wake behind the nose landing gear and beneath the aircraft. In conjunction with finite element modeling of the stone/ground/tire contact mechanics, a Matlab model was used to perform a stochastic prediction of the trajectories of runway stones to generate impact threat maps which showed the relative likelihood of stones impinging upon various areas on the underside of a C-130 Hercules. The impact envelopes for the C-130 extended 2.4 to 17.5 meters behind the nose wheel and two meters either side of the center of the aircraft. The impact threat maps were especially sensitive to the values of the coefficients of lift and drag acting on the stone during its flight. © 2012 by Imperial College London.
Robinson P, Greenhalgh E, Pinho S, 2012, Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites: Criteria, Testing and Industrial Applications, Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites: Criteria, Testing and Industrial Applications, Pages: 1-450
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly replacing traditional materials, such as metals, for applications in the aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Because of the relatively recent development of these composites there is extensive on-going research to improve the understanding and modelling of their behaviour - particularly their failure processes. As a consequence there is a strong demand among design engineers for the latest information on this behaviour in order to fully exploit the potential of these materials for a wide range of weight-sensitive applications. Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites explores the main types of composite failure and examines their implications in specific applications. Part one discusses various failure mechanisms, including a consideration of manufacturing defects and addressing a variety of loading forms such as impact and the implications for structural integrity. This part also reviews testing techniques and modelling methods for predicting potential failure in composites. Part two investigates the effects of polymer-matrix composite failure in a range of industries including aerospace, automotive and other transport, defence, marine and off-shore applications. Recycling issues and environmental factors affecting the use of composite materials are also considered. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites is a valuable reference for designers, scientists and research and development managers working in the increasing range of industries in which composite materials are extensively used. The book will also be a useful guide for academics studying in the composites field. © 2012 Woodhead Publishing Limited All rights reserved.
Wienrich M, Kalinka G, Greenhalgh ES, et al., 2012, Impact of ionic liquid on the mechanical performance of matrix polymer for fibre reinforced materials for energy storage, ECCM 2012 - Composites at Venice, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials
For the concept of using structural materials such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics as energy storage devices, new matrix polymers are required. These polymers must provide ionic conductivity as well as adequate mechanical strength. In the EU-Project StorAGE this requirements are fulfilled by adding ionic liquid to commercial polymers. The mechanical properties of these mixtures materials were characterized by using a 3-point-bending device. In addition, single fibre pull test were performed in order to get information on the interfacial shear strength. Adding of ionic liquid has an impact on the mechanical performance of the materials. A decrease of the flexural strength and modulus of less than 10% of the value of the reference materials took part. The interfacial shear strength decreased to a value of around one third compare to the reference material.
Yasaee M, Bond IP, Trask RS, et al., 2012, Mode I interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for damage suppression and control, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 43, Pages: 198-207
An investigation is described concerning the interaction of propagating interlaminar cracks with embedded strips of interleaved materials in E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites. The approach deploys interlayer strips of a thermoplastic film, thermoplastic particles, chopped fibres, glass/epoxy prepreg, thermoset adhesive film and thermoset adhesive particles ahead of the crack path on mid-plane of Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens. During these mode I tests, the interlayers were observed to confer an apparent increase in the toughness of the host material. The crack arrest performance of individual inclusion types are discussed and the underlying mechanisms for energy absorption and the behaviour of the crack at the interaction point of the interleave edge were analysed using scanning electron microscopy.
Yasaee M, Bond IP, Trask RS, et al., 2012, Mode II interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for damage suppression and control, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 43, Pages: 121-128
An investigation is described concerning the interaction of propagating inter-laminar cracks with embedded strips of interleaved materials in E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite. The approach deploys inter-ply strips of thermoplastic film, chopped aramid fibres, pre-impregnated fibre reinforced tape and thermosetting adhesive film, ahead of the crack path on the mid-plane of end loaded split (ELS) specimens promoting energy absorbing mechanisms, at low strain rates, through interfacial toughening ahead of the propagating crack.Following experimental mode II tests, the features were observed to imbue an apparent increase in the toughness of the parent material and suppression of crack growth. The mechanism behind the energy absorption and the behaviour of the crack interaction at the boundary of the interleave edge on ingress and egress were analysed using fractographic processes.
Hodgkinson JM, 2012, Testing the strength and stiffness of polymer matrix composites, Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites, Editors: Robinson, Greenhalgh, Pinho, Publisher: Woodhead Pub Limited, ISBN: 9781845697501
Canturri C, Greenhalgh ES, Pinho ST, et al., 2011, Delamination growth mechanism from embedded defects in compression, ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials
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- Citations: 5
Tsampas SA, Greenhalgh ES, Ankersen J, et al., 2011, Study of compressive failure in multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites, ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials
In this study the compressive failure of multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites was investigated. Cross-ply (CP) and multidirectional (MD) compact compression (CC) specimens were tested to identify the failure mechanisms that occur during compressive loading. Experimental results and subsequent fractographic analysis revealed that the layup significantly influenced the performance of both CP and MD fibre-reinforced composites under compression. Delamination and in-plane shear fracture dictated the fracture processes. The sequence of failure events that led to global fracture is presented. The findings have important implications for predictive modelling of compressive failure and crack arrest.
Shirshova N, Shaffer M, Steinke JHG, et al., 2011, Structural Polymer Composites for Energy Storage Devices, International Conference on Advanced Capacitors (ICAC2007)
Tsampas S, Greenhalgh ES, Ankersen J, et al., 2011, On compressive failure of multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites: A fractographic study, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 43, Pages: 454-468
The compressive failure of multidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced composites is investigated in this paper. Cross-ply and multidirectional compact compression IM7/8552 specimens were tested to deduce the failure mechanisms that occurred during compressive loading. The experimental results and the subsequent fractographic analysis revealed that the stacking sequence had a significant effect on the performance of multidirectional composites under compression. Delamination and in-plane shear fracture were the dominant failure mechanisms both in cross-ply and multidirectional configurations. While multidirectional configurations exhibited a stiffer response and higher failure load compared to cross-ply configurations, they were also more prone to delaminations and post-failure damage. Multidirectional laminates also exhibited significantly more complex fracture morphologies, which made the failure process interpretation more difficult. The sequence of events that lead to global fracture in multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites is presented.
Greenhalgh ES, 2011, Storage solutions, MATERIALS WORLD, Vol: 19, Pages: 24-26, ISSN: 0967-8638
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- Citations: 1
Tsampas SA, Greenhalgh ES, Ankersen J, et al., 2011, Study of compressive failure in multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites
In this study the compressive failure of multidirectional fibre-reinforced composites was investigated. Cross-ply (CP) and multidirectional (MD) compact compression (CC) specimens were tested to identify the failure mechanisms that occur during compressive loading. Experimental results and subsequent fractographic analysis revealed that the layup significantly influenced the performance of both CP and MD fibre-reinforced composites under compression. Delamination and in-plane shear fracture dictated the fracture processes. The sequence of failure events that led to global fracture is presented. The findings have important implications for predictive modelling of compressive failure and crack arrest.
Nguyen SN, Greenhalgh ES, Olsson R, 2011, Analytical Modeling of Runway Stone Lofting, JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT, Vol: 48, Pages: 1412-1421, ISSN: 0021-8669
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- Citations: 2
Shirshova N, Shaffer M, Steinke JHG, et al., 2011, Strutural Polymer Composites for Energy Storage Devices, 1st Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Symposium
Nguyen S, Greenhalgh ES, Iannucci L, et al., 2011, Experimental Characterisation of Tyre Indentation by Simulated Runway Debris, Strain, Vol: 47, Pages: 343-350
As part of an investigation to assess the impact threat posed to vehicles by tyre-lofted runway debris, it is important to gain a quantitative understanding of the interaction between inflatedtyres and foreign objects. In this paper, experiments involving indentation of an inflated tyre torepresent over-rolling of a foreign object were used to estimate the energy that could be transferred to the over-rolled object. The maximum kinetic energy that a 24-mm diameter spherical stone could potentially attain from such an indentation-related loft mechanism by a tyre inflated to 0.34 MPa (50 psi) was 20 J.
Qian H, Kalinka G, Chan KLA, et al., 2011, Mapping local microstructure and mechanical performance around carbon nanotube grafted silica fibres: Methodologies for hierarchical composites, NANOSCALE, Vol: 3, Pages: 4759-4767, ISSN: 2040-3364
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- Citations: 35
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