Publications
297 results found
Smith RMM, Drobniewski FD, Gibson AL, et al., 2004, Mycobacterium bovis Infection, United Kingdom, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol: 10, Pages: 539-541, ISSN: 1080-6059
We describe the first documented spillover of bovine tuberculosis from animals into the human population of the United Kingdom since the resurgence of the disease in cattle in the country. This finding suggests that there may be a small risk for transmission to humans, making continued vigilance particularly necessary.
Gibson AL, Hewinson G, Goodchild T, et al., 2004, Molecular epidemiology of disease due to <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> in humans in the United Kingdom, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 42, Pages: 431-434, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 69
Baker LV, Brown TJ, Yates MD, et al., 2003, Sequencing of the pncA gene provides a rapid means of detecting pyrazinamide resistance in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: 55-55, ISSN: 0040-6376
Baker LV, Brown TJ, Yates MD, et al., 2003, Rapid detection of resistance to other first line drugs in rifampicin resistant tuberculosis, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: 55-55, ISSN: 0040-6376
Baker LV, Brown TJ, Gibson AL, et al., 2003, Do mutations in genes associated with isoniazid resistance affect transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)?, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: 40-40, ISSN: 0040-6376
Coker RJ, Dimitrova B, Drobniewski F, et al., 2003, Tuberculosis control in Samara Oblast, Russia: institutional and regulatory environment, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 7, Pages: 920-932, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 36
Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, et al., 2003, Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study., J Clin Microbiol, Vol: 41, Pages: 1963-1970, ISSN: 0095-1137
The present update on the global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for M. tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of M. tuberculosis. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS6110 low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (Mycobacterium africanum, Beijing, M. bovis, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of M. tuberculosis families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed.
Gupta R, Espinal M, Beggs A, et al., 2003, A prioritised research agenda for DOTS-Plus for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 7, Pages: 410-414, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 30
Drobniewski FA, Gibson A, Ruddy M, et al., 2003, Evaluation and utilization as a public health tool of a national molecular epidemiological tuberculosis outbreak database within the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2001., J Clin Microbiol, Vol: 41, Pages: 1861-1868, ISSN: 0095-1137
The aim of this study was to develop a national model and analyze the value of a molecular epidemiological Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA fingerprint-outbreak database. Incidents were investigated by the United Kingdom PHLS Mycobacterium Reference Unit (MRU) from June 1997 to December 2001, inclusive. A total of 124 incidents involving 972 tuberculosis cases, including 520 patient cultures from referred incidents and 452 patient cultures related to two population studies, were examined by using restriction fragment length polymorphism IS6110 fingerprinting and rapid epidemiological typing. Investigations were divided into the following three categories, reflecting different operational strategies: retrospective passive analysis, retrospective active analysis, and retrospective prospective analysis. The majority of incidents were in the retrospective passive analysis category, i.e., the individual submitting isolates has a suspicion they may be linked. Outbreaks were examined in schools, hospitals, farms, prisons, and public houses, and laboratory cross-contamination events and unusual clinical presentations were investigated. Retrospective active analysis involved a major outbreak centered on a high school. Contact tracing of a teenager with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis matched 14 individuals, including members of his class, and another 60 cases were identified in schools clinically and radiologically and by skin testing. Retrospective prospective analysis involved an outbreak of 94 isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis cases in London, United Kingdom, that began after cases were identified at one hospital in January 2000. Contact tracing and comparison with MRU databases indicated that the earliest matched case had occurred in 1995. Subsequently, the MRU changed to an active prospective analysis targeting linked isoniazid-monoresistant isolates for follow up. The patients were multiethnic, born mainly in the United Kingdom, and included professionals, individua
Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, et al., 2003, Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 1963-1970, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 202
Drobniewski FA, Gibson A, Ruddy M, et al., 2003, Evaluation and utilization as a public health tool of a national molecular epidemiological tuberculosis outbreak database within the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2001, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 1861-1868, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 11
Adegbola RA, Hill P, Baldeh I, et al., 2003, Surveillance of drug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in The Gambia, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 7, Pages: 390-393, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 30
Dale JW, Al-Ghusein H, Al-Hashmi S, et al., 2003, Evolutionary relationships among strains of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with few copies of IS<i>6110</i>, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Vol: 185, Pages: 2555-2562, ISSN: 0021-9193
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- Citations: 31
Drobniewski F, Strutt M, Smith G, et al., 2003, Audit of scope and culture techniques applied to samples for the diagnosis of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> by hospital laboratories in England and Wales, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 130, Pages: 235-237, ISSN: 0950-2688
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- Citations: 12
Maguire H, Dale JW, McHugh TD, et al., 2003, Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in London 1995-7 showing low rate of active transmission, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY-MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY, Vol: 56, Pages: 121-126, ISSN: 1366-8714
Park DJ, Drobniewski FA, Meyer A, et al., 2003, Use of a phage-based assay for phenotypic detection of mycobacteria directly from sputum, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 680-688, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 30
Melzer M, Warley A, Milburn H, et al., 2003, Tuberculosis and HIV seroprevalence in Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham, an area of South London, RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 97, Pages: 167-172, ISSN: 0954-6111
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- Citations: 3
Drobniewski F, Balabanova Y, Ruddy M, et al., 2003, Medical and social analysis of prisoners with tuberculosis in a Russian prison colony: An observational study, CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 36, Pages: 234-235, ISSN: 1058-4838
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- Citations: 10
Hutchison DCS, Drobniewski FA, Milburn HJ, 2003, Management of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis, RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 97, Pages: 65-70, ISSN: 0954-6111
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- Citations: 15
Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, et al., 2003, Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, Lancet Infect Dis, Vol: 3, Pages: 141-147
Seehra C, Drobniewski FA, More PG, et al., 2002, Errors in the notification of tuberculosis, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, ISSN: 0040-6376
Filliol I, Driscoll JR, Van Soolingen D, et al., 2002, Global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol: 8, Pages: 1347-1349, ISSN: 1080-6040
We present a short summary of recent observations on the global distribution of the major clades of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This global distribution was defined by data-mining of an international spoligotyping database, SpoIDB3. This database contains 11,708 patterns from as many clinical isolates originating from more than 90 countries. The 11,708 spoligotypes were clustered into 813 shared types. A total of 1,300 orphan patterns (clinical isolates showing a unique spoligotype) were also detected.
Drobniewski FA, Balabanova YM, Ruddy MC, et al., 2002, Rifampin- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Russian civilians and prison inmates: Dominance of the Beijing strain family, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol: 8, Pages: 1320-1326, ISSN: 1080-6059
Consecutive patient cultures (140) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were collected from five Russian civilian and prison tuberculosis laboratories and analyzed for rifampin (rpoB) and isoniazid resistance (inhA, katG, ahpC); transmission of Beijing family isolates; and the importance of prison and previous therapy in drug resistance. Rifampin, isoniazid, and multidrug resistance occurred in 58.2%, 51.6%, and 44.7% of cultures, respectively; 80% of prison cultures were rifampin resistant. Spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) fingerprinting divided the isolates into 43 groups. Spoligotyping demonstrated that a high proportion (68.1%) of patients were infected with Beijing family strains and that most (69.1%) were rifampin resistant; the highest proportion (81.6%) occurred in prison. One VNTR subgroup (42435) comprised 68 (72.3%) of the Beijing isolates with a small number of IS6110 types; 50 (73.5%) were rifampin resistant. Rifampin-resistant Beijing isolates are dominant within the patient population, especially among prisoners, and threaten treatment programs.
Ruddy M, McHugh TD, Dale JW, et al., 2002, Estimation of the rate of unrecognized cross-contamination with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in London microbiology laboratories, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 40, Pages: 4100-4104, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 32
Thwaites GE, Chau TTH, Caws M, et al., 2002, Isoniazid resistance, mycobacterial genotype and outcome in Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE, Vol: 6, Pages: 865-871, ISSN: 1027-3719
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- Citations: 32
Drobniewski F, Eltringham I, Graham C, et al., 2002, A national study of clinical and laboratory factors affecting the survival of patients with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in the UK, THORAX, Vol: 57, Pages: 810-816, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 48
Maguire H, Dale JW, McHugh TD, et al., 2002, Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in London 1995-7 showing low rate of active transmission, THORAX, Vol: 57, Pages: 617-622, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 101
Djuretic T, Herbert J, Drobniewski F, et al., 2002, Antibiotic resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: 1993-1999, THORAX, Vol: 57, Pages: 477-482, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 60
Hayward AC, Goss S, Drobniewski F, et al., 2002, The molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in inner London, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Vol: 128, Pages: 175-184, ISSN: 0950-2688
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- Citations: 16
Drobniewski FA, Balabanova YM, 2002, The diagnosis and management of multiple-drug-resistant-tuberculosis at the beginning of the new millenium., Int J Infect Dis, Vol: 6 Suppl 1, Pages: S21-S31, ISSN: 1201-9712
Multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is more difficult to treat and the treatment is less likely to produce favourable results compared to treatment of drug-sensitive disease. Success requires close co-operation between the laboratory, which defines a case as MDRTB, and the clinical team, who will treat it as well as the public health staff who will address aspects of contact tracing and institutional cross-infection. National surveys have indicated that MDRTB occurs at a higher rate in some countries such as Estonia and Latvia (14.1% and 9% respectively, in 1998) and Russia (although there are only limited validated data). In contrast, in Western Europe and in some countries of Eastern Europe, such as the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia and Poland with good tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment programmes, the combined MDRTB prevalence was 1% or less. The early diagnosis of MDRTB and case management by experienced teams from the outset remains the best hope clinically for these patients. Adequately supervised and prolonged combination chemotherapy is essential, with drug choice governed mainly by quality-controlled in vitro drug susceptibility data. There is a more limited role for surgery, and immunomodulating therapy, such as the use of gamma-interferon, may have a useful adjunct role. Clearly the most important therapeutic modality for MDRTB is to treat drug-sensitive TB correctly in the first instance and prevent the emergence of resistant TB.
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