Publications
244 results found
Peng C, Crawshaw JP, Maitland GC, et al., 2013, The pH of CO2-saturated water at temperatures between 308 K and 423 K at pressures up to 15 MPa, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol: 82, Pages: 129-137, ISSN: 0896-8446
Abstract We report pH measurements for CO2-saturated water in the pressure range from (0.28 to 15.3) MPa and temperatures from (308.3 to 423.2) K. Commercially available pH and Ag/AgCl electrodes were used together with a high pressure equilibrium vessel operating under conditions of precisely controlled temperature and pressure. The results of the study indicate that pH decreases along an isotherm in proportion to −log10(x), where x is the mole fraction of dissolved CO2 in H2O. The expanded uncertainty of the pH measurements is 0.06 pH units with a coverage factor of 2. The reported results are in good agreement with the literature in pressure ranges up to 16 MPa at temperatures below 343 K. An empirical equation has been developed to represent the present results with an expanded uncertainty of 0.05 pH units. We also compare our results with a chemical equilibrium model and find agreement to within 0.1 pH unit.
Georgiadis A, Berg S, Makurat A, et al., 2013, Pore-scale micro-computed-tomography imaging: Nonwetting-phase cluster-size distribution during drainage and imbibition, Physical Review E, Vol: 88, ISSN: 1539-3755
We investigated the cluster-size distribution of the residual nonwetting phase in a sintered glass-bead porousmedium at two-phase flow conditions, by means of micro-computed-tomography (μCT) imaging with pore-scaleresolution. Cluster-size distribution functions and cluster volumes were obtained by image analysis for a range ofinjected pore volumes under both imbibition and drainage conditions; the field of view was larger thanthe porosity-based representative elementary volume (REV). We did not attempt to make a definition for atwo-phase REV but used the nonwetting-phase cluster-size distribution as an indicator. Most of the nonwettingphasetotal volume was found to be contained in clusters that were one to two orders of magnitude larger thanthe porosity-based REV. The largest observed clusters in fact ranged in volume from 65% to 99% of the entirenonwetting phase in the field of view. As a consequence, the largest clusters observed were statistically notrepresented and were found to be smaller than the estimated maximum cluster length. The results indicate thatthe two-phase REV is larger than the field of view attainable by μCT scanning, at a resolution which allows forthe accurate determination of cluster connectivity.
Tong D, Maitland GC, Trusler MJP, et al., 2013, Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous blends of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and piperazine, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol: 101, Pages: 851-864, ISSN: 0009-2509
In this work, we report new solubility data for carbon dioxide in aqueous blends of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ). A static-analytical apparatus, validated in previous work, was employed to obtain the results at temperatures of (313.2, 333.2, 373.2, 393.2) K, and at total pressures up to 460 kPa. Two different solvent blends were studied, both having a total amine mass fraction of 30%: (25 mass% AMP+5 mass% PZ) and (20 mass% AMP+10 mass% PZ). Comparisons between these PZ activated aqueous AMP systems and 30 mass% aqueous AMP have been made in terms of their cyclic capacities under typical scrubbing conditions of 313 K in the absorber and 393 K in the stripper. The Kent–Eisenberg model was used to correlate the experimental data.
Hou S-X, Maitland GC, Trusler JPM, 2013, Phase equilibria of (CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + NaCl) and (CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + KCl): Measurements and modeling, JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, Vol: 78, Pages: 78-88, ISSN: 0896-8446
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- Citations: 36
Li X, Ross DA, Trusler JPM, et al., 2013, Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CO<sub>2</sub> and Brine Interfacial Tension at High Temperatures and Pressures, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, Vol: 117, Pages: 5647-5652, ISSN: 1520-6106
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- Citations: 68
Al Ghafri SZ, Maitland GC, Trusler JPM, 2013, Densities of SrCl<sub>2</sub>(aq), Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq), NaHCO<sub>3</sub>(aq), and Two Synthetic Reservoir Brines at Temperatures between (298 and 473) K, Pressures up to 68.5 MPa, and Molalities up to 3 mol.kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 58, Pages: 402-412, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 12
Al Ghafri S, Maitland G, Trusler JPM, 2013, Experimental and modeling study of the phase behavior of (Synthetic Crude Oil + CO<inf>2</inf>), Pages: 527-529
Hou S-X, Maitland GC, Trusler JPM, 2013, Measurement and modeling of the phase behavior of the (carbon dioxide + water) mixture at temperatures from 298.15 K to 448.15 K, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol: 73, Pages: 87-96
Tamburic B, Dechatiwongse P, Zemichael FW, et al., 2013, Process and reactor design for biophotolytic hydrogen production, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 15, Pages: 10783-10794, ISSN: 1463-9076
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- Citations: 28
Tong D, Trusler JPM, Maitland GC, et al., 2012, Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution of monoethanolamine or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: Experimental measurements and modelling, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol: 6, Pages: 37-47
Despite the importance of the accurate measurement of vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE) data, the reported values, even for well-studied systems such as MEA–H2O–CO2, are scattered. This work centres on the development of an experimental method to measure accurately the VLE of various aqueous amine systems. A static-analytic type of VLE apparatus has been constructed and employed to measure the VLE of CO2 in aqueous monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Gas chromatography was used to analyse the liquid phase compositions. The setup has been validated against literature data for 30 mass% MEA (monoethanolamine) at T = 313 and 393 K and was shown to be capable of generating reliable and repeatable data. New measurements for 30 mass% aqueous AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) solutions are also presented at temperatures between 313 and 393 K and a total pressure range of 23–983 kPa. A quasi-chemical model has been employed to interpret the experimental data for the MEA–H2O–CO2 and AMP–H2O–CO2 systems. The average absolute deviation (ΔAAD) between model prediction and experimental data is within 7%.
Tamburic B, Zemichael FW, Maitland GC, et al., 2012, Effect of the light regime and phototrophic conditions on growth of the H-2-producing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, 19th World Hydrogen Energy Conference (WHEC), Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: 710-719, ISSN: 1876-6102
Development of the capacity to produce hydrogen economically from renewable energy resources is of critical importance to the future viability of that fuel. The inexpensive and widely available green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has the ability to photosynthetically synthesise molecular hydrogen. Green algal hydrogen production does not generate any toxic or polluting bi-products and could potentially offer value-added products derived from algal biomass. The growth of dense and healthy algal biomass is a vital requirement for efficient hydrogen production. Algal cell density is principally limited by the illumination conditions of the algal culture and by the availability of key nutrients, including the sources of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus. In this study, the effect of different light regimes and carbon dioxide feeds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated. The objective was to increasing the algal growth rate and the cell density, leading to enhanced biohydrogen production. State-of-the art photobioreactors were used to grow algal cultures, and to measure the pH and optical density of those cultures. Under mixotrophic growth conditions, using both acetate and carbon dioxide, increasing the carbon dioxide feed rate increased the optical density of the culture but reduced the growth rate. Under autotrophic growth conditions, with carbon dioxide as the only carbon source, a carbon dioxide feed with a partial pressure of circa 11% was determined to optimise both the algal growth rate and the optical density.
Maitland G, 2012, Cold wars, CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY, Vol: 76, Pages: 16-17, ISSN: 0009-3068
Tamburic B, Zemichael FW, Maitland GC, et al., 2012, A novel nutrient control method to deprive green algae of sulphur and initiate spontaneous hydrogen production, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, Vol: 37, Pages: 8988-9001, ISSN: 0360-3199
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- Citations: 21
Li X, Boek ES, Maitland GC, et al., 2012, Interfacial Tension of (Brines+CO<sub>2</sub>): CaCl<sub>2</sub>(aq), MgCl<sub>2</sub>(aq), and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) at Temperatures between (343 and 423) K, Pressures between (2 and 50) MPa, and Molalities of (0.5 to 5) mol.kg-1, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 57, Pages: 1369-1375, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 68
Li X, Boek E, Maitland GC, et al., 2012, Interfacial Tension of (Brines + CO<sub>2</sub>): (0.864 NaCl+0.136 KCl) at Temperatures between (298 and 448) K, Pressures between (2 and 50) MPa, and Total Molalities of (1 to 5) mol.kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 57, Pages: 1078-1088, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 125
Al Ghafri S, Maitland GC, Trusler JPM, 2012, Densities of Aqueous MgCl<sub>2</sub>(aq), CaCl<sub>2</sub>(aq), KI(aq), NaCl(aq), KCl(aq), AlCl<sub>3</sub>(aq), and (0.964 NaCl+00136 KCl)(aq) at Temperatures Between (283 and 472) K, Pressures up to 68.5 MPa, and Molalities up to 6 mol.kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 57, Pages: 1288-1304, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 61
Georgiadis A, Berg S, Maitland G, et al., 2012, Pore-Scale Micro-CT Imaging: Cluster Size Distribution during Drainage and Imbibition, 6TH TRONDHEIM CONFERENCE ON CO2 CAPTURE, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE, Vol: 23, Pages: 521-526, ISSN: 1876-6102
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- Citations: 7
Georgiadis A, Maitland G, Trusler JPM, et al., 2011, Interfacial Tension Measurements of the (H<sub>2</sub>O + <i>n</i>-Decane + CO<sub>2</sub>) Ternary System at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 56, Pages: 4900-4908, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 72
Secuianu C, Maitland GC, Trusler JPM, et al., 2011, Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Aqueous KCl at High Pressures Measured by the Taylor Dispersion Method, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 56, Pages: 4840-4848, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 20
Tamburic B, Zemichael FW, Maitland GC, et al., 2011, Parameters affecting the growth and hydrogen production of the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 7872-7876, ISSN: 0360-3199
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- Citations: 35
Tamburic B, Zemichael FW, Crudge P, et al., 2011, Design of a novel flat-plate photobioreactor system for green algal hydrogen production, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 6578-6591, ISSN: 0360-3199
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- Citations: 47
Georgiadis A, Llovell F, Bismarck A, et al., 2010, Interfacial tension measurements and modelling of (carbon dioxide plus <i>n</i>-alkane) and (carbon dioxide plus water) binary mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures, JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, Vol: 55, Pages: 743-754, ISSN: 0896-8446
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- Citations: 110
Georgiadis A, Maitland G, Trusler JPM, et al., 2010, Interfacial Tension Measurements of the (H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>) System at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 55, Pages: 4168-4175, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 180
Ciotta F, Maitland G, Smietana M, et al., 2010, Viscosity and Density of Carbon Dioxide + 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane (Squalane). (vol 54, pg 2436, 2009), JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 55, Pages: 4126-4126, ISSN: 0021-9568
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- Citations: 4
Lamy C, Iglauer S, Pentland CH, et al., 2010, Capillary trapping in carbonate rocks, 72nd European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2010: A New Spring for Geoscience. Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010, Vol: 2, Pages: 815-823
Carbonate reservoirs represent a possible geological storage option for carbon dioxide from anthropogenic sources. We conducted capillary trapping experiments on different carbonate rocks to assess their suitability for storage. We measured the trapped non-wetting phase saturation as a function of the initial non-wetting phase saturation and porosity. We used refined oil - with a density similar to that of supercritical CO2 - as the non-wetting phase and brine as the wetting phase. The experiments were performed at ambient temperature and slightly elevated pressures. Saturations were determined by mass and volume balance. We found that the trapped non-wetting phase saturation rises approximately linearly with initial saturation. The porosity was shown to have a significant effect on both initial saturation and residual saturation. The influence of effective stress was also investigated. It was shown that carbonates have significantly different stress behavior compared to sandstones. As the pressure of the non-wetting phase increases during primary drainage, the initial oil saturation increases to a maximum value and then decreases, as the fluid pressure affects the pore structure of the rock. © 2010, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.
Tamburic B, Zemichael FW, Maitland GC, et al., 2010, Design of a Novel Flat-plate Photobioreactor System for Green Algal Hydrogen Production, Pages: 3-9
Some unicellular green algae have the ability to photosynthetically produce molecular hydrogen using sunlight and water. This renewable, carbon-neutral process has the additional benefit of sequestering carbon dioxide during the algal growth phase. The main costs associated with this process result from building and operating a photobioreactor system. The challenge is to design an innovative and cost effective photobioreactor that meets the requirements of algal growth and sustainable hydrogen production. We document the details of a novel 1 litre vertical flat-plate photobioreactor that has been designed to accommodate green algal hydrogen production at the laboratory scale. Coherent, non-heating illumination is provided by a panel of cool white LEDs. The reactor body consists of two compartments constructed from transparent Perspex sheets. The primary compartment holds the algal culture, which is agitated by means of a recirculating gas flow. A secondary compartment is filled with water and used to control the temperature and wavelength of the system. The reactor is fitted with instruments that monitor the pH, pO2, temperature and optical density of the culture. A membrane-inlet mass spectrometry system has been developed for hydrogen collection and in situ monitoring. The reactor is fully autoclaveable and the possibility of hydrogen leaks has been minimised. The modular nature of the reactor allows efficient cleaning and maintenance.
Maitland G, 2009, Preface to the William A. Wakeham Festschrift, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, Vol: 54, Pages: 2343-2346, ISSN: 0021-9568
Ciotta F, Maitland GC, Smietana M, et al., 2009, Viscosity and density of carbon dioside + 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane (Squalane), J.Chem.Eng.Data, Vol: 54, Pages: 2436-2443
The viscosity and density of mixtures of carbon dioxide and 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane (squalane)are reported. The measurements were carried out using a vibrating wire instrument over a range oftemperatures from (303.15 to 448.15) K and at pressures ranging from approximately the minimum miscibility pressure at a given composition to 170 MPa. Pure squalane and three different mixtures, with mole fractions of CO2 of 0.423, 0.604, and 0.788, were investigated. The estimated expanded relative uncertainties of themeasurements were +/- 2 % for viscosity and +/- 0.2 % for density with a coverage factor of 2. The data for each composition were correlated by simple expressions with an absolute average relative deviation less than 2 % for viscosity and less than 0.2 % for density. The results show that the addition of CO2 to squalaneat a given pressure and temperature reduces greatly the viscosity and increases slightly the density. A hardsphere model, adjusted to fit the viscosity data of the pure substances but containing no adjustable binary parameters, was tested against the experimental data. Relative deviations bounded by approximately +/- 60% were found.
ten Brinke AJW, Bailey L, Lekkerkerker HNW, et al., 2008, Rheology modification in mixed shape colloidal dispersions. Part II: mixtures, SOFT MATTER, Vol: 4, Pages: 337-348, ISSN: 1744-683X
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- Citations: 36
ten Brinke AJW, Bailey L, Lekkerkerker HNW, et al., 2007, Rheology modification in mixed shape colloidal dispersions. Part I: pure components, SOFT MATTER, Vol: 3, Pages: 1145-1162, ISSN: 1744-683X
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- Citations: 63
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