Imperial College London
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Emeritus ProfessorJohnBurland

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Senior Research Investigator
 
 
 
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Contact

 

j.burland

 
 
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Location

 

416Skempton BuildingSouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Burland:2009,
author = {Burland, JB and Jamiolkowski, MB and Viggiani, C},
journal = {International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories},
pages = {156--169},
title = {Leaning Tower of Pisa: Behaviour after Stabilization Operations},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14209},
volume = {1},
year = {2009}
}
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RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - It is well known that the foundations of the Leaning Tower of Pisa were stabilised using the method ofunderexcavation to reduce the southward inclination of the Tower by about 10 percent in combination with controlling theseasonally fluctuating water table beneath the north side. Having been closed to the public since early in 1990, the Towerwas re-opened in December 2001. The paper summarises the response of the Tower during the period of implementation ofthe stabilisation works. Monitoring of the movements of the Tower has been continuing and the observations obtained since2001 are presented. It is shown that over the six years between 2003 and 2008 the induced rate of northward rotation of theTower has been steadily reducing to less than 0.2 arc seconds per year. Similarly the rate of induced settlement of thecentre of the foundation has been steadily reducing and is approaching the background rate of settlement of the Piazza.Piezometer measurements close to the north side of the foundation shows that the drainage system has been successful instabilising the groundwater levels beneath the north side of the Tower’s foundation. The paper concludes with a briefdiscussion on the possible future behaviour of the Tower.
AU  - Burland,JB
AU  - Jamiolkowski,MB
AU  - Viggiani,C
EP  - 169
PY  - 2009///
SN  - 1790-2045
SP  - 156
TI  - Leaning Tower of Pisa: Behaviour after Stabilization Operations
T2  - International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14209
VL  - 1
ER  -
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