Emeritus ProfessorJeremyNicholson

SPRAUL M, HOFMANN M, DVORTSAK P, NICHOLSON JK, WILSON IDet al., 1992, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH HIGH-FIELD PROTON NMR FOR PROFILING HUMAN URINE FOR ENDOGENOUS COMPOUNDS AND DRUG METABOLITES, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 10, Pages: 601-605, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 29

RAZZAK MA, GLEN RC, 1992, APPLICATIONS OF RULE-INDUCTION IN THE DERIVATION OF QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS, JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN, Vol: 6, Pages: 349-383, ISSN: 0920-654X

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• Citations: 15

HOYLE VR, GILBERT PJ, TROKE JA, VOSE CW, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1992, STUDIES ON THE BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF THE ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR 2,7-DIFLUOROSPIROFLUORENE-9,5'-IMIDAZOLIDINE-2',4'-DIONE (AL-1576, HOE-843) - DETECTION OF DEUTERIUM-GLUCARIC AND DEUTERIUM-GLUCURONIC ACID EXCRETION BY HIGH-RESOLUTION H-1-NMR AND C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 44, Pages: 231-241, ISSN: 0006-2952

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• Citations: 6

FOXALL PJD, PRICE RG, JONES JK, NEILD GH, THOMPSON FD, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1992, HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF CYST FLUIDS FROM PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA, Vol: 1138, Pages: 305-314, ISSN: 0006-3002

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• Citations: 42

TUGNAIT M, GHAURI FY, NICHOLSON JK, BORNER K, WILSON IDet al., 1992, METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF FLUOROQUINOLONES IN URINE BY H-1 AND F-19 NMR, 9TH INTERNATIONAL BIOANALYTICAL FORUM : BIOANALYSIS OF DRUGS, INCLUDING ANTI-ALLERGIES AND ANTI-ASTHMATICS, Publisher: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, Pages: 291-296

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• Citations: 5

Ghauri FY, Blackledge CA, Glen RC, Sweatman BC, Lindon JC, Beddell CR, Wilson ID, Nicholson JKet al., 1992, An approach to a metabolic expert system: structure-metabolism relationships for benzoic acids in the rat, Methodological Surveys in Biochemistry and Analysis, Editors: Reid, Wilson, Pages: 21-28

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Wilson ID, Nicholson JK, Ghauri FYK, Blackledge CAet al., 1991, Use of high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of biological fluids, Analytical Proceedings, Vol: 28, Pages: 217-223, ISSN: 0144-557X

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• Citations: 7

PREECE NE, NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, 1991, IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL HYDRAZINE METABOLITES BY N-15-NMR, BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 1319-1324, ISSN: 0006-2952

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• Citations: 23

GARTLAND KPR, BEDDELL CR, LINDON JC, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1991, APPLICATION OF PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS TO THE ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL DATA DERIVED FROM PROTON NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF URINE, MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 629-642, ISSN: 0026-895X

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• Citations: 162

Vose CW, Whelpton R, Ashcroft AE, Everett JR, Nicholson JK, Wilson ID, Hutt AJ, Morgan ED, Huang H, Wilson IDet al., 1991, Biomedical and pharmaceutical chemistry, Analytical Proceedings, Vol: 28, Pages: 177-188, ISSN: 0144-557X

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Cutler JA, Follmann D, Elliott P, Suh Iet al., 1991, An overview of randomized trials of sodium reduction and blood pressure., Pages: I27-I33, ISSN: 0194-911X

To test for effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to provide precise estimates of their magnitude, we conducted an overview of randomized clinical trials that aimed to reduce the intake of sodium in human subjects. We excluded from pooled analyses trials with confounded designs, those that compared intake levels beyond the usual range in the population, and those without published reports. Two reviewers abstracted information in duplicate and differences were reconciled. Twenty-three trials with outcome data from an aggregate of 1,536 subjects were included. Data were pooled both separately for hypertensive and normotensive subjects and for all trials combined. With the use of sample size weighting, blood pressure reductions (net of controls) were 4.9 +/- 1.3/2.6 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (systolic and diastolic, respectively, with 95% confidence limits) in hypertensive subjects and 1.7 +/- 1.0/1.0 +/- 0.7 mm Hg in normotensive subjects. The combined blood pressure reductions were 2.9 +/- 0.8/1.6 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. These changes were associated with mean reduction of urinary sodium excretion ranging from 16 to 171 mmol/24 hr for individual trials. A dose-response relation across trials was found, both in normotensive and in hypertensive subjects. These results indicate that sodium reduction lowers mean blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals for periods of at least several months. The findings are highly consistent with results of observational epidemiological studies and have implications for preventive strategies of blood pressure control.

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Elliott P, 1991, Observational studies of salt and blood pressure., Pages: I3-I8, ISSN: 0194-911X

The observational data relating salt and blood pressure (excluding INTERSALT) are reviewed. Important methodological difficulties and biases are inherent to both across- and within-population studies and confuse their interpretation. Across-population studies are positive but rely on data drawn from the international literature based on a variety of unstandardized field methods; they are prone to unmeasured (ecological) confounding. Within-population studies generally lack statistical power and are subject to major regression-dilution bias (because of considerable day-to-day variation in sodium intake), which could conceal true correlations between sodium and blood pressure. Nevertheless, an overview of reported studies that used 24-hour urine excretion to quantify intake shows positive and highly significant correlations between sodium and blood pressure for both men and women and for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. These results are consistent with the INTERSALT findings and those from trials of sodium restriction.

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TUGNAIT M, GHAURI FYK, WILSON ID, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1991, NMR-MONITORED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN GLUCURONIDE ON PHENYLBORONIC ACID AND C18 BONDED PHASES, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 9, Pages: 895-899, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 9

HOLMES E, BONNER FW, GARTLAND KPR, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1991, PROTON NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE URINALYSIS AND CLINICAL CHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE PROGRESSION AND RECOVERY OF NEPHROTOXIC LESIONS INDUCED IN RATS BY BROMOETHANAMINE AND HGCL2, 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEPHROTOXICITY, IN HONOR OF KARL ULLRICH ON HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY, Publisher: MARCEL DEKKER, Pages: 513-518

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FOXALL PJD, BENDING MR, GARTLAND KPR, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1991, ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE FOLLOWING ACCIDENTAL CUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF PHENOL, 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEPHROTOXICITY, IN HONOR OF KARL ULLRICH ON HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY, Publisher: MARCEL DEKKER, Pages: 55-59

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Gartland KPR, Beddell CR, Lindon JC, Nicholson JKet al., 1991, Computer pattern recognition analysis of PMR spectroscopic data from urine obtained from rats in various nephrotoxicity states., Nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms, Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management, Editors: Bach, Gregg, Wilks, Delacruz, New York, Publisher: Marcel Dekker, Pages: 519-524

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Gartland KPR, Sweatman BC, Beddell CR, Lindon JC, Nicholson JKet al., 1991, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance urinanalysis studies on the biochemical effects of a nephrotoxic dose of uranyl nitrate in the Fischer 344 rat, Nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms, Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management, Editors: Bach, Gregg, Wilks, Delacruz, New York, Publisher: Marcel Dekker, Pages: 525-530

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POWELL JJ, GARTLAND KPR, NICHOLSON JK, AINLEY CC, THOMPSON RPHet al., 1990, BILE, PANCREATIC-JUICE, AND SMALL-BOWEL SECRETIONS CONTAIN ENDOGENOUS METAL-BINDING LIGANDS, GUT, Vol: 31, Pages: A1197-A1197, ISSN: 0017-5749

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• Citations: 5

Gartland KP, Sanins SM, Nicholson JK, Sweatman BC, Beddell CR, Lindon JCet al., 1990, Pattern recognition analysis of high resolution 1H NMR spectra of urine. A nonlinear mapping approach to the classification of toxicological data., NMR Biomed, Vol: 3, Pages: 166-172, ISSN: 0952-3480

A computer-based pattern recognition (PR) approach has been applied to the interpretation of 1H NMR generated urinalysis data in a variety of experimental toxicity states in the rat. 1H NMR signal intensities for each endogenous metabolite in urine were regarded as coordinates in multi-dimensional space and analysed using computer pattern recognition methods through which the dimensionality was reduced for display and categorization purposes. Initially 17 metabolic dimensions were used which were defined by the scored relative concentrations of a variety of urinary metabolites detected in 1H NMR spectra. By employing the unsupervised learning methods of 2- and 3-dimensional nonlinear mapping (NLM) different types of toxin (hepatotoxins, cortical and papillary nephrotoxins) could be classified according to NMR-detectable biochemical effects in the urine. The robustness of the classification methods, and the influence of the addition of new scored biochemical data reflecting dose response situations, nutritional effects on toxicity, sex differences in biochemical response to toxins and addition of a new toxin class (testicular toxin) to the pattern recognition analysis were also evaluated. We find that the initial training set maps are fundamentally stable to the addition of all data types and that the PR methods correctly 'predicted' the toxicological effects of the test compounds. These results confirm the power and wide applicability of linked PR and 1H NMR urinalysis as an approach to the generation and classification of acute toxicological data.

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POWELL JJ, GARTLAND KPR, LOMBARD M, SALLIE R, NICHOLSON JK, THOMPSON RPHet al., 1990, PROTON NMR-SPECTROSCOPY OF BILE AS A MARKER OF LIVER-FUNCTION IN LIVER-TRANSPLANT PATIENTS, CLINICAL SCIENCE, Vol: 78, Pages: P13-P13, ISSN: 0143-5221

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Sequeira S, So PW, Everett JR, Elcombe CR, Kelvin AS, Nicholson JKet al., 1990, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy of biofluids and the investigation of xenobiotic-induced changes in liver biochemistry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol: 8, Pages: 945-949, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 15

Wade KE, Wilson ID, Troke JA, Nicholson JKet al., 1990, ¹⁹F and ¹H magnetic resonance strategies for metabolic studies on fluorinated xenobiotics: Application to flurbiprofen [2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid], Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol: 8, Pages: 401-410, ISSN: 0731-7085

Strategies for the use of 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as an aid to the study of the metabolic fate of fluorinated drugs are discussed with reference to the application of these methods to flurbiprofen metabolism in man. 1H and 19F NMR analysis of untreated urine enabled the detection of two major and eight minor metabolites of the drug. The two major metabolites were identified using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, solid-phase extraction chromatography with 19F and 1H NMR detection and chemical hydrolysis to a flurbiprofen glucuronide and the glucuronide of the 4-hydroxy metabolite. 1H-19F 2D shift correlated spectroscopy and spin-echo difference experiments are discussed in relation to their use in the structural identification of drug metabolites. © 1990.

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• Citations: 37

GHAURI FYK, BLACKLEDGE CA, WILSON ID, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1990, STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF FLUORINATED XENOBIOTICS IN THE RAT USING F-19-NMR AND H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 8, Pages: 939-944, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 14

WADE KE, WILSON ID, TROKE JA, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1990, F-19 AND H-1 MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STRATEGIES FOR METABOLIC STUDIES ON FLUORINATED XENOBIOTICS - APPLICATION TO FLURBIPROFEN [2-(2-FLUORO-4-BIPHENYLYL)PROPIONIC ACID], JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 8, Pages: 401-410, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 33

GARTLAND KPR, BEDDELL CR, LINDON JC, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1990, A PATTERN-RECOGNITION APPROACH TO THE COMPARISON OF PMR AND CLINICAL CHEMICAL-DATA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF NEPHROTOXICITY, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 8, Pages: 963-968, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 26

SEQUEIRA S, SO PW, EVERETT JR, ELCOMBE CR, KELVIN AS, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1990, H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF BIOFLUIDS AND THE INVESTIGATION OF XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED CHANGES IN LIVER BIOCHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 8, Pages: 945-949, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 12

SANINS SM, NICHOLSON JK, ELCOMBE C, TIMBRELL JAet al., 1990, HEPATOTOXIN-INDUCED HYPERTAURINURIA - A PROTON NMR-STUDY, ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 64, Pages: 407-411, ISSN: 0340-5761

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• Citations: 54

GRAY J, NICHOLSON JK, CREASY DM, TIMBRELL JAet al., 1990, STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE TESTICULAR DAMAGE AND URINARY AND PLASMA CREATINE CONCENTRATION, ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 64, Pages: 443-450, ISSN: 0340-5761

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• Citations: 28

GARTLAND KPR, EASON CT, BONNER FW, NICHOLSON JKet al., 1990, EFFECTS OF BILIARY CANNULATION AND BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE PRETREATMENT ON THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF PARA-AMINOPHENOL IN THE FISCHER-344 RAT, ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 64, Pages: 14-25, ISSN: 0340-5761

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• Citations: 63

HOLMES E, FOXALL PJD, NICHOLSON JK, 1990, PROTON NMR ANALYSIS OF PLASMA FROM RENAL-FAILURE PATIENTS - EVALUATION OF SAMPLE PREPARATION AND SPECTRAL-EDITING METHODS, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 8, Pages: 955-958, ISSN: 0731-7085

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• Citations: 20