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@article{Reitsma:2021:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7,
author = {Reitsma, MB and Kendrick, PJ and Ababneh, E and Abbafati, C and Abbasi-Kangevari, M and Abdoli, A and Abedi, A and Abhilash, ES and Abila, DB and Aboyans, V and Abu-Rmeileh, NME and Adebayo, OM and Advani, SM and Aghaali, M and Ahinkorah, BO and Ahmad, S and Ahmadi, K and Ahmed, H and Aji, B and Akunna, CJ and Al-Aly, Z and Alanzi, TM and Alhabib, KF and Ali, L and Alif, SM and Alipour, V and Aljunid, SM and Alla, F and Allebeck, P and Alvis-Guzman, N and Amin, TT and Amini, S and Amu, H and Amul, GGH and Ancuceanu, R and Anderson, JA and Ansari-Moghaddam, A and Antonio, CAT and Antony, B and Anvari, D and Arabloo, J and Arian, ND and Arora, M and Asaad, M and Ausloos, M and Awan, AT and Ayano, G and Aynalem, GL and Azari, S and B, DB and Badiye, AD and Baig, AA and Bakhshaei, MH and Banach, M and Banik, PC and Barker-Collo, SL and Bärnighausen, TW and Barqawi, HJ and Basu, S and Bayati, M and Bazargan-Hejazi, S and Behzadifar, M and Bekuma, TT and Bennett, DA and Bensenor, IM and Berf},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7},
journal = {The Lancet},
pages = {2337--2360},
title = {Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7},
volume = {397},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BackgroundEnding the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available.FindingsGlobally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers.Int
AU  - Reitsma,MB
AU  - Kendrick,PJ
AU  - Ababneh,E
AU  - Abbafati,C
AU  - Abbasi-Kangevari,M
AU  - Abdoli,A
AU  - Abedi,A
AU  - Abhilash,ES
AU  - Abila,DB
AU  - Aboyans,V
AU  - Abu-Rmeileh,NME
AU  - Adebayo,OM
AU  - Advani,SM
AU  - Aghaali,M
AU  - Ahinkorah,BO
AU  - Ahmad,S
AU  - Ahmadi,K
AU  - Ahmed,H
AU  - Aji,B
AU  - Akunna,CJ
AU  - Al-Aly,Z
AU  - Alanzi,TM
AU  - Alhabib,KF
AU  - Ali,L
AU  - Alif,SM
AU  - Alipour,V
AU  - Aljunid,SM
AU  - Alla,F
AU  - Allebeck,P
AU  - Alvis-Guzman,N
AU  - Amin,TT
AU  - Amini,S
AU  - Amu,H
AU  - Amul,GGH
AU  - Ancuceanu,R
AU  - Anderson,JA
AU  - Ansari-Moghaddam,A
AU  - Antonio,CAT
AU  - Antony,B
AU  - Anvari,D
AU  - Arabloo,J
AU  - Arian,ND
AU  - Arora,M
AU  - Asaad,M
AU  - Ausloos,M
AU  - Awan,AT
AU  - Ayano,G
AU  - Aynalem,GL
AU  - Azari,S
AU  - B,DB
AU  - Badiye,AD
AU  - Baig,AA
AU  - Bakhshaei,MH
AU  - Banach,M
AU  - Banik,PC
AU  - Barker-Collo,SL
AU  - Bärnighausen,TW
AU  - Barqawi,HJ
AU  - Basu,S
AU  - Bayati,M
AU  - Bazargan-Hejazi,S
AU  - Behzadifar,M
AU  - Bekuma,TT
AU  - Bennett,DA
AU  - Bensenor,IM
AU  - Berfield,KSS
AU  - Bhagavathula,AS
AU  - Bhardwaj,N
AU  - Bhardwaj,P
AU  - Bhattacharyya,K
AU  - Bibi,S
AU  - Bijani,A
AU  - Bintoro,BS
AU  - Biondi,A
AU  - Birara,S
AU  - Braithwaite,D
AU  - Brenner,H
AU  - Brunoni,AR
AU  - Burkart,K
AU  - Butt,ZA
AU  - Caetano,dos Santos FL
AU  - Cámera,LA
AU  - Car,J
AU  - Cárdenas,R
AU  - Carreras,G
AU  - Carrero,JJ
AU  - Castaldelli-Maia,JM
AU  - Cattaruzza,MSS
AU  - Chang,J-C
AU  - Chen,S
AU  - Chu,D-T
AU  - Chung,S-C
AU  - Cirillo,M
AU  - Costa,VM
AU  - Couto,RAS
AU  - Dadras,O
AU  - Dai,X
AU  - Damasceno,AAM
AU  - Damiani,G
AU  - Dandona,L
AU  - Dandona,R
AU  - Daneshpajouhnejad,P
AU  - Darega,Gela J
AU  - Davletov,K
AU  - Derbew,Molla M
AU  - Dessie,GA
AU  - Desta,AA
AU  - Dharmaratne,SD
AU  - Dianatinasab,M
AU  - Diaz,D
AU  - Do,HT
AU  - Douiri,A
AU  - Duncan,BB
AU  - Duraes,AR
AU  - Eagan,AW
AU  - Ebrahimi,Kalan M
AU  - Edvardsson,K
AU  - Elbarazi,I
AU  - El,Tantawi M
AU  - Esmaeilnejad,S
AU  - Fadhil,I
AU  - Faraon,EJA
AU  - Farinha,CSES
AU  - Farwati,M
AU  - Farzadfar,F
AU  - Fazlzadeh,M
AU  - Feigin,VL
AU  - Feldman,R
AU  - Fernandez,Prendes C
AU  - Ferrara,P
AU  - Filip,I
AU  - Filippidis,F
AU  - Fischer,F
AU  - Flor,LS
AU  - Foigt,NA
AU  - Folayan,MO
AU  - Foroutan,M
AU  - Gad,MM
AU  - Gaidhane,AM
AU  - Gallus,S
AU  - Geberemariyam,BS
AU  - Ghafourifard,M
AU  - Ghajar,A
AU  - Ghashghaee,A
AU  - Giampaoli,S
AU  - Gill,PS
AU  - Glozah,FN
AU  - Gnedovskaya,EV
AU  - Golechha,M
AU  - Gopalani,SV
AU  - Gorini,G
AU  - Goudarzi,H
AU  - Goulart,AC
AU  - Greaves,F
AU  - Guha,A
AU  - Guo,Y
AU  - Gupta,B
AU  - Gupta,RD
AU  - Gupta,R
AU  - Gupta,T
AU  - Gupta,V
AU  - Hafezi-Nejad,N
AU  - Haider,MR
AU  - Hamadeh,RR
AU  - Hankey,GJ
AU  - Hargono,A
AU  - Hartono,RK
AU  - Hassankhani,H
AU  - Hay,SI
AU  - Heidari,G
AU  - Hertel
DO  - 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7
EP  - 2360
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 0140-6736
SP  - 2337
TI  - Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
T2  - The Lancet
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621011697?via%3Dihub
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/89321
VL  - 397
ER  -

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