Publications
149 results found
Fazel N, Berndtsson R, Uvo CB, et al., 2017, Regionalization of precipitation characteristics in Iran’s Lake Urmia basin, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 0177-798X
Gohari A, Mirchi A, Madani K, 2017, System Dynamics Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Water Resources Management in Central Iran, Water Resources Management, Vol: 31, Pages: 1413-1434, ISSN: 0920-4741
The Zayandeh-Rud River basin, Iran, is projected to face spatiotemporally heterogeneoustemperature increase and precipitation reduction that will decrease water supply bymid-century. With projected increase (0.70–1.03 °C) in spring temperature and reduction (6–55%) in winter precipitation, the upper Zayandeh-Rud sub-basin, the main source of renewablewater supply, will likely become warmer and drier. In the lower sub-basin, 1.1–1.5 °Cincrease in temperature and 11–31% decrease in annual precipitation are likely. A systemdynamics model was used to analyze adaptation strategies taking into account feedbacksbetween water resources development and biophysical and socioeconomic sub-systems.Results suggest that infrastructural improvements, rigorous water demand management (e.g.,replacing high water demand crops such as rice, corn, and alfalfa), and ecosystem-basedregulatory prioritization, complemented by supply augmentation can temporarily alleviatewater stress in a basin that is essentially governed by the Limits to Growth archetype
Kruitwagen L, Madani K, Caldecott B, et al., 2017, Game theory and corporate governance: conditions for effective stewardship of companies exposed to climate change risks, JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE FINANCE & INVESTMENT, Vol: 7, Pages: 14-36, ISSN: 2043-0795
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- Citations: 13
Tayia A, Madani K, 2017, Resilient Transboundary Water Management Institutions, 17th Annual World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Publisher: AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, Pages: 618-627
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- Citations: 2
Zekri S, Madani K, Bazargan-Lari MR, et al., 2016, Feasibility of adopting smart water meters in aquifer management: An integrated hydro-economic analysis, AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT, Vol: 181, Pages: 85-93, ISSN: 0378-3774
Madani K, AghaKouchak A, Mirchi A, 2016, Iran’s socio-economic drought: challenges of a water-bankrupt nation, Iranian Studies, Vol: 49, Pages: 997-1016, ISSN: 1475-4819
Iran is currently experiencing serious water problems. Frequent droughts coupled with over-abstraction of surface and groundwater through a large network of hydraulic infrastructure and deep wells have escalated the nation’s water situation to a critical level. This is evidenced by drying lakes, rivers and wetlands, declining groundwater levels, land subsidence, water quality degradation, soil erosion, desertification and more frequent dust storms. This paper overviews the major drivers of Iran’s water problems. It is argued that while climatic changes and economic sanctions are commonly blamed as the main drivers of water problems, Iran is mainly suffering from a socio-economic drought—i.e. “water bankruptcy,” where water demand exceeds the natural water supply. In theory, this problem can be resolved by re-establishing the balance between water supply and demand through developing additional sources of water supply and implementing aggressive water demand reduction plans. Nevertheless, the current structure of the water governance system in Iran and the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the root causes of the problem leave minimal hope of developing sustainable solutions to Iran’s unprecedented water problems.
Madani K, Pierce TW, Mirchi A, 2016, Serious games on environmental management, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol: 29, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2210-6707
Serious environmental management games can improve understanding of practical environmental sustainability challenges by offering opportunities to obtain first-hand experiences that may be otherwise too costly, difficult or dangerous to reproduce in reality. Game-based learning (GBL) has been found to increase soft skills, such as critical thinking, creative problem solving and teamwork, as well as to improve cognitive development, learning retention and social learning, which are important for future environmental researchers and professionals. Environmental management games can be applied in educational settings to promote awareness about sustainable resource planning and management among citizens who are increasingly exposed to products of the information age. This paper provides an overview of game-based learning and the state of serious games (SG) for environmental management, offering insight into their potential as effective tools in facilitating environmental education. SGs have been shown to possess numerous qualities that have been connected with improved learning experiences and cognitive development, but research must continue to study the SGs’ efficacy. Shortcomings found with games reviewed are that few evaluate or explain pedagogical foundation, and many are hard to implement or not accessible. Methods employed in determining the effectiveness of SGs vary greatly among environmental studies, necessitating a standardized methodology to reduce disparities in testing procedures. Furthermore, a centralized source, effectively an online database for SGs, is needed for locating and obtaining information pertaining to the available environmental games and their most appropriate applications.
Read L, Madani K, Mokhtari S, et al., 2016, Stakeholder-driven multi-attribute analysis for energy project selection under uncertainty, Energy, Vol: 119, Pages: 744-753, ISSN: 0360-5442
In practice, selecting an energy project for development requires balancing criteria and competing stakeholder priorities to identify the best alternative. Energy source selection can be modeled as multi-criteria decision-maker problems to provide quantitative support to reconcile technical, economic, environmental, social, and political factors with respect to the stakeholders' interests. Decision making among these complex interactions should also account for the uncertainty present in the input data. In response, this work develops a stochastic decision analysis framework to evaluate alternatives by involving stakeholders to identify both quantitative and qualitative selection criteria and performance metrics which carry uncertainties. The developed framework is illustrated using a case study from Fairbanks, Alaska, where decision makers and residents must decide on a new source of energy for heating and electricity. We approach this problem in a five step methodology: (1) engaging experts (role players) to develop criteria of project performance; (2) collecting a range of quantitative and qualitative input information to determine the performance of each proposed solution according to the selected criteria; (3) performing a Monte-Carlo analysis to capture uncertainties given in the inputs; (4) applying multi-criteria decision-making, social choice (voting), and fallback bargaining methods to account for three different levels of cooperation among the stakeholders; and (5) computing an aggregate performance index (API) score for each alternative based on its performance across criteria and cooperation levels. API scores communicate relative performance between alternatives. In this way, our methodology maps uncertainty from the input data to reflect risk in the decision and incorporates varying degrees of cooperation into the analysis to identify an optimal and practical alternative.
Stevens T, Madani K, 2016, Future climate impacts on maize farming and food security in Malawi, Scientific Reports, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-2322
Agriculture is the mainstay of Malawi’s economy and maize is the most important crop for food security. As a Least Developed Country (LDC), adverse effects of climate change (CC) on agriculture in Malawi are expected to be significant. We examined the impacts of CC on maize production and food security in Malawi’s dominant cereal producing region, Lilongwe District. We used five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to make future (2011 to 2100) rainfall and temperature projections and simulated maize yields under these projections. Our future rainfall projections did not reveal a strong increasing or decreasing trend, but temperatures are expected to increase. Our crop modelling results, for the short-term future, suggest that maize farming might benefit from CC. However, faster crop growth could worsen Malawi’s soil fertility problem. Increasing temperature could drive lower maize yields in the medium to long-term future. Consequently, up to 12% of the population in Lilongwe District might be vulnerable to food insecurity by the end of the century. Measures to increase soil fertility and moisture must be developed to build resilience into Malawi’s agriculture sector.
Rezaei F, Safavi HR, Mirchi A, et al., 2016, f-MOPSO: an alternative multi-objective PSO algorithm for conjunctive water use management, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, Vol: 14, Pages: 1-18, ISSN: 1876-4444
In recent years, evolutionary techniques have been widely used to search for the global optimum of combinatorial non-linear non-convex problems. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, named fuzzy Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (f-MOPSO) to improve conjunctive surface water and groundwater management. The f-MOPSO algorithm is simple in concept, easy to implement, and computationally efficient. It is based on the role of weighting method to define partial performance of each point (solution) in the objective space. The proposed algorithm employs a fuzzy inference system to consider all the partial performances for each point when optimizing the objective function values. The f-MOPSO algorithm was compared with two other well-known MOPSOs through a case study of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in Najafabad Plain in Iran considering two management models, including a typical 12-month operation period and a 10-year planning horizon. Overall, the f-MOPSO outperformed the other MOPSO algorithms with reference to performance criteria and Pareto-front analysis while nearly fully satisfying water demands with least monthly and cumulative groundwater level (GWL) variation. The proposed algorithm is capable of finding the unique optimal solution on the Pareto-front to facilitate decisions to address large-scale optimization problems.
Hardin E, AghaKouchak A, Qomi MJA, et al., 2016, California drought increases CO2 footprint of energy, SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY, Vol: 28, Pages: 450-452, ISSN: 2210-6707
Cheng C, Yan L, Mirchi A, et al., 2016, China's Booming Hydropower: Systems Modeling Challenges and Opportunities, JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 143, ISSN: 0733-9496
Msowoya K, Madani K, Davtalab R, et al., 2016, Climate change impacts on maize production in the warm heart of Africa, Water Resources Management, Vol: 30, Pages: 5299-5312, ISSN: 1573-1650
Agriculture is the mainstay of economy in Malawi - the warm heart ofAfrica. It employs 85 % of the labour force, and produces one third of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 90 % of foreign exchange earnings. Maize farming covers over 92 % of Malawi’s agricultural land and contributes over 54 % of national caloric intake. With a subtropical climate and ~99 % rainfed agriculture, Malawi reliesheavily on precipitation for its agricultural production. Given the significance of rainfed maize for the nation’s labour force and GDP, we have investigated climatechange effects on this staple crop. We show that rainfed maize production in the Lilongwe District, the largest maize growing district in Malawi, may decrease up to 14 % by mid-century due to climate change, rising to as much as 33 % loss by the century’s end. These declines can substantially harm Malawi’s food production and socioeconomic status. Supplemental irrigation, crop diversification and natural conservation methods are promising adaptation strategies to improve Malawi’s food security and socioeconomic stability.
Costa DD, da Silva Pereira TA, Fragoso CR, et al., 2016, Understanding drought dynamics during dry season in Eastern Northeast Brazil, Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2296-6463
Eastern Northeast Brazil (ENEB) generally experiences a high variability in precipitation in the dry season, with amplitudes that can overcome 500mm. The understanding of this variability can help in mitigating the socio-economic issues related to the planning and management of water resources this region, which is highly vulnerable to drought. This work aims to assess spatio-temporal variability of precipitation during the dry season and investigate the relationships between climate phenomena and drought events in the ENEB, using univariate (Spearman correlation) and multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Maximum Covariance Analysis. The results indicate that the variability of precipitation in the dry season can be explained mainly (62%) by local physical conditions and climate conditions have a secondary contribution. Further analysis of the larger anomalous events suggests that the state of Atlantic and Pacific oceans can govern the occurrence of those events, and the conditions of Atlantic Ocean can be considered a potential modulator of anomalous phenomena of precipitation in ENEB.
Maimoun MA, Reinhart DR, Madani K, 2016, An environmental-economic assessment of residential curbside collection programs in Central Florida, Waste Management, Vol: 54, Pages: 27-38, ISSN: 0956-053X
Inefficient collection and scheduling procedures negatively affect residential curbside collection (RCC) efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and cost. As Florida aims to achieve a 75% recycling goal by 2020, municipalities have switched to single-stream recycling to improve recycling efficiency. Waste diversion and increased collection cost have forced some municipalities to reduce garbage collection frequency. The goal of this study was to explore the trade-offs between environmental and economic factors of RCC systems in Florida by evaluating the RCC system design of 25 different Central Florida communities. These communities were grouped into four sets based on their RCC garbage, yard waste, and recyclables collection design, i.e., frequency of collection and use of dual-stream (DS) or single-stream (SS) recyclables collection system. For the 25 communities studied, it was observed that RCC programs that used SS recyclables collection system recycled approximately 15–35%, by weight of the waste steam, compared to 5–20% for programs that used DS. The GHG emissions associated with collection programs were estimated to be between 36 and 51 kg CO2eq per metric ton of total household waste (garbage and recyclables), depending on the garbage collection frequency, recyclables collection system (DS or SS), and recyclables compaction. When recyclables offsets were considered, the GHG emissions associated with programs using SS were estimated between −760 and −560, compared to between −270 and −210 kg CO2eq per metric ton of total waste for DS programs. These data suggest that RCC system design can significantly impact recyclables generation rate and efficiency, and consequently determine environmental and economic impacts of collection systems. Recycling participation rate was found to have a significant impact on the environmental and financial performance of RCC programs. Collection emissions were insignificant compared to the
Maimoun M, Madani K, Reinhart D, 2016, Multi-level multi-criteria analysis of alternative fuels for waste collection vehicles in the United States, Science of the Total Environment, Vol: 550, Pages: 349-361, ISSN: 0048-9697
Historically, the U.S. waste collection fleet was dominated by diesel-fueled waste collection vehicles (WCVs); the growing need for sustainable waste collection has urged decision makers to incorporate economically efficient alternative fuels, while mitigating environmental impacts. The pros and cons of alternative fuels complicate the decisions making process, calling for a comprehensive study that assesses the multiple factors involved. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods allow decision makers to select the best alternatives with respect to selection criteria. In this study, two MCDA methods, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), were used to rank fuel alternatives for the U.S. waste collection industry with respect to a multi-level environmental and financial decision matrix. The environmental criteria consisted of life-cycle emissions, tail-pipe emissions, water footprint (WFP), and power density, while the financial criteria comprised of vehicle cost, fuel price, fuel price stability, and fueling station availability. The overall analysis showed that conventional diesel is still the best option, followed by hydraulic-hybrid WCVs, landfill gas (LFG) sourced natural gas, fossil natural gas, and biodiesel. The elimination of the WFP and power density criteria from the environmental criteria ranked biodiesel 100 (BD100) as an environmentally better alternative compared to other fossil fuels (diesel and natural gas). This result showed that considering the WFP and power density as environmental criteria can make a difference in the decision process. The elimination of the fueling station and fuel price stability criteria from the decision matrix ranked fossil natural gas second after LFG-sourced natural gas. This scenario was found to represent the status quo of the waste collection industry. A sensitivity analysis for the status quo scenario showed the overall ranking of diesel and f
Fradera R, Slawson D, Gosling L, et al., 2016, Exploring the Nexus Through Citizen Science (new connections in food, energy, water and the environment) An ESRC Investment., Exploring the Nexus Through Citizen Science (new connections in food, energy, water and the environment) An ESRC Investment., Publisher: ESRC
As global population increases, the connections between food, water, energy and the environment at global and regional scales become ever more important. The complexity and inter-connectedness of these relationships challenge policymakers, scientists, businesses andcitizens to find acceptable ways forward, but there are no easy solutions. This is the ‘nexus’.Citizen science can provide a powerful mechanism to help tackle these environmental and social challenges. In this thinkpiece we draw on the experiences of citizen science practitioners, particularly from the environmental sector. Citizens are the guardians of their local environment and, arguably, often know the places where they live better than regulators, policymakers and industry. Local citizens will usuallybe the first to notice changes in their immediate environment, whether instant changes (such as a pollution spill) or gradual (such as species decline). Citizen science can generate and broaden out the kinds of data that are considered in the investigation of environmental issues.Benefits of participating in citizen science include raised awareness, increased education, greater involvement, more participatory democracy, and increased ownership of solutions. Participation may also bring wider social, health and wellbeing benefits. Professionalscientists in turn benefit from the data submitted by volunteers, the value of which can be estimated at many millions of pounds per year.Some of the generic challenges to successful citizen science will be heightened in the context of understanding and dealing with nexus issues. These include extending citizen science (which is normally conducted at local level) to regional and global scales, optimising thecollection of data through better coordination between practitioners, empowering citizens and businesses to take more control of the conception and design of citizen science activities, and understanding the motivations, attitudes and practices of all
Hui R, Lund JR, Madani K, 2016, Game theory and risk-based leveed river system planning with noncooperation, Water Resources Research, Vol: 52, Pages: 119-134, ISSN: 1944-7973
Optimal risk-based levee designs are usually developed for economic efficiency. However, in river systems with multiple levees, the planning and maintenance of different levees are controlled by different agencies or groups. For example, along many rivers, levees on opposite riverbanks constitute a simple leveed river system with each levee designed and controlled separately. Collaborative planning of the two levees can be economically optimal for the whole system. Independent and self-interested landholders on opposite riversides often are willing to separately determine their individual optimal levee plans, resulting in a less efficient leveed river system from an overall society-wide perspective (the tragedy of commons). We apply game theory to simple leveed river system planning where landholders on each riverside independently determine their optimal risk-based levee plans. Outcomes from noncooperative games are analyzed and compared with the overall economically optimal outcome, which minimizes net flood cost system-wide. The system-wide economically optimal solution generally transfers residual flood risk to the lower-valued side of the river, but is often impractical without compensating for flood risk transfer to improve outcomes for all individuals involved. Such compensation can be determined and implemented with landholders' agreements on collaboration to develop an economically optimal plan. By examining iterative multiple-shot noncooperative games with reversible and irreversible decisions, the costs of myopia for the future in making levee planning decisions show the significance of considering the externalities and evolution path of dynamic water resource problems to improve decision-making.
Haghtalab S, Xanthopoulos P, Madani K, 2015, A robust unsupervised consensus control chart pattern recognition framework, EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, Vol: 42, Pages: 6767-6776, ISSN: 0957-4174
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- Citations: 22
Bruce C, Madani K, 2015, Successful Collaborative Negotiation over Water Policy: Substance versus Process, JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 141, ISSN: 0733-9496
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- Citations: 9
Hamed A, Madani K, Von Holle B, et al., 2015, How much are Floridians willing to pay for protecting sea turtles from sea level rise?, Environmental Management, Vol: 57, Pages: 176-188, ISSN: 0364-152X
Sea level rise (SLR) is posing a great inundationrisk to coastal areas. Some coastal nesting species, includingsea turtle species, have experienced diminished habitat fromSLR. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used in aneffort to assess the economic loss impacts of SLR on sea turtlenesting habitats for Florida coasts; and to elicit values of willingnessto pay (WTP) of Central Florida residents to implementcertain mitigation strategies, which would protect Florida’s eastcoast sea turtle nesting areas. Using the open-ended anddichotomous choice CVM, we sampled residents of two Floridacommunities: Cocoa Beach and Oviedo. We estimated theWTP of households from these two cities to protect sea turtlehabitat to be between $42 and $57 per year for 5 years. Additionally,we attempted to assess the impact of the both therespondents’ demographics and their perception toward varioussituations on their WTP value. Findings include a negativecorrelation between the age of a respondent and the probabilityof an individual willing to pay the hypothetical WTP amount.We found that WTP of an individual was not dependent onprior knowledge of the effects of SLR on sea turtle habitat. Thegreatest indicators of whether or not an individual was willingto pay to protect sea turtle habitat were the respondents’ perceptionregarding the trustworthiness and efficiency of theparty which will implement the conservation measures andtheir confidence in the conservation methods used. Respondentswho perceive sea turtles having an effect on their life werealso more likely to pay.
Abdelhady D, Aggestam K, Andersson D-E, et al., 2015, The Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Is There a Meeting Point between Nationalism and Hydrosolidarity?, Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, Vol: 155, Pages: 73-82, ISSN: 1936-704X
The soon-to-be completed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be the largest hydroelectric power plant and among the largest reservoirs in Africa, has highlighted the need for expanding traditional integrated water resources management to better include the cultural, social, and political complexities of large water infrastructure in development projects. The GERD will store a maximum of 74 billion cubic meters of water corresponding to approximately the average annual outflow of the Nile from the Aswan high dam. Undoubtedly, the GERD will be vital for energy production and a key factor for food production, economic development, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. However, the GERD is also a political statement that in one stroke has re-written the hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. The GERD has become a symbol of Ethiopian nationalism or “renaissance” (hidase in Amharic). A contrasting concept to nationalism is hydrosolidarity. This concept has been put forward to better stress equitable use of water in international water management challenges that would lead to sustainable socioeconomic development. We use the opposing notions of nationalism and hydrosolidarity at three different scales, everyday politics, state policies, and interstate and global politics to analyse some aspects of the new hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. We argue that nationalism and national interests are not necessarily negative standpoints but that there may instead be a meeting point where regional and national interests join with hydrosolidarity principles. We believe that this meeting point can maximize not only the common good, but also the good from a national interest point of view. For this, it is important not increase collaboration instead of being locked in to the historical narrative of nationalistic culture and historical discourse. This would benefit and improve future sustainability.
Ristic B, Madani K, Makuch Z, 2015, The Water Footprint of Data Centers, SUSTAINABILITY, Vol: 7, Pages: 11260-11284
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- Citations: 21
Hadian S, Madani K, 2015, A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green?, ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, Vol: 52, Pages: 194-206, ISSN: 1470-160X
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- Citations: 97
Madani K, Khatami S, 2015, Water for Energy: Inconsistent Assessment Standards and Inability to Judge Properly, Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports, Vol: 2, Pages: 10-16
The water-energy nexus field is experiencing growing attention to assessing the impacts of energy generation on water resources. Numerous studies in recent years have used a range of metrics and methods for measuring and quantifying the water impacts of energy. This article argues that the field is suffering from a lack of consistency in the interpretation and application of different evaluation metrics due to competition for the development of the ‘correct’ evaluation method. The uncertainties caused by inconsistent analysis methods, assumptions, scales and boundaries make the available information confusing and hamper our abilities to understand comprehensively and judge properly. The article highlights some of the major caveats that need to be considered in using the results of the previous studies and applying the existing metrics for evaluating the impacts of energy production on water resources.
AghaKouchak A, Norouzi H, Madani K, et al., 2015, Aral Sea syndrome desiccates Lake Urmia: Call for action, JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, Vol: 41, Pages: 307-311, ISSN: 0380-1330
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- Citations: 222
Nazzal D, Zabinski J, Hugar A, et al., 2015, Introduction of sustainability concepts into industrial engineering education: A modular approach, Advances in Engineering Education, Vol: 4
Sustainability in operations, production, and consumption continues to gain relevance for engineers. This trend will accelerate as demand for goods and services grows, straining resources and requiring ingenuity to replace boundless supply in meeting the needs of a more crowded, more prosperous world. Industrial engineers are uniquely positioned to incorporate sustainability concepts into this work; their focus is on systems, and in observing these systems at a high level, they can most effectively choose which parts of the systems to modify to produce desired results. In this paper, we explore using the vehicle of education to introduce sustainability concepts into industrial engineers' training. We first survey the current state of sustainability education in industrial engineering programs. We then discuss a curricular modification program in which sustainability was introduced into several courses through use of content-focused modules. We conclude with our recommendations on how such a structure can be used to expand sustainability education in industrial engineering programs at all levels.
Hui R, Madani K, Lund JR, 2015, Risk-based Levee System Design: Rational vs. Optimal, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Publisher: AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, Pages: 2208-2217
Zekri S, Bazargan-Lari MR, Madani K, 2015, The Central Planner's Solution for Seawater Intrusion in the Batinah Region of Oman, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Publisher: AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, Pages: 1952-1961
Fazel N, Berndtsson R, Uvo CB, et al., 2015, Regionalization and Spatial Analysis of Precipitation of Urmia Lake Basin, Iran, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Publisher: AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, Pages: 1101-1107
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