Publications
192 results found
Robinson MJ, Tuke PW, Erlwein O, et al., 2011, No evidence of XMRV or MuLV sequences in prostate cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, or the UK blood donor population, Advances in Virology, Vol: 2011, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 1687-8639
Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a recently described retrovirus which has been claimed to infect humans and cause associated pathology. Initially identified in the US in patients with prostate cancer and subsequently in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, doubt now exists that XMRV is a human pathogen. We studied the prevalence of genetic sequences of XMRV and related MuLV sequences in human prostate cancer, from B cell lymphoma patients and from UK blood donors. Nucleic acid was extracted from fresh prostate tissue biopsies, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tissue and FFPE B-cell lymphoma. The presence of XMRV-specific LTR or MuLV generic gag-like sequences was investigated by nested PCR. To control for mouse DNA contamination, a PCR that detected intracisternal A-type particle (IAP) sequences was included. In addition, DNA and RNA were extracted from whole blood taken from UK blood donors and screened for XMRV sequences by real-time PCR. XMRV or MuLV-like sequences were not amplified from tissue samples. Occasionally MuLV gag and XMRV-LTR sequences were amplified from Indian prostate cancer samples, but were always detected in conjunction with contaminating murine genomic DNA. We found no evidence of XMRV or MuLV infection in the UK blood donors.
Ashby J, Garvey L, Erlwein OW, et al., 2011, Pharmacokinetic and safety profile of raltegravir and ribavirin, when dosed separately and together, in healthy volunteers, JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, Vol: 66, Pages: 1340-1345, ISSN: 0305-7453
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- Citations: 7
Broadbent A, Horner P, Wills G, et al., 2011, HIV-1 does not significantly influence <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> serovar L2 replication <i>in vitro</i>, MICROBES AND INFECTION, Vol: 13, Pages: 575-584, ISSN: 1286-4579
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- Citations: 2
Thomson EC, Fleming VM, Main J, et al., 2011, Predicting spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus in a large cohort of HIV-1-infected men, GUT, Vol: 60, Pages: 837-845, ISSN: 0017-5749
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- Citations: 133
Erlwein O, Robinson MJ, Kaye S, et al., 2011, Investigation into the presence of and serological response to XMRV in CFS patients, PLOS One, Vol: 6, ISSN: 1932-6203
The novel human gammaretrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), originally described in prostate cancer, has also been implicated in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). When later reports failed to confirm the link to CFS, they were often criticised for not using the conditions described in the original study. Here, we revisit our patient cohort to investigate the XMRV status in those patients by means of the original PCR protocol which linked the virus to CFS. In addition, sera from our CFS patients were assayed for the presence of xenotropic virus envelope protein, as well as a serological response to it. The results further strengthen our contention that there is no evidence for an association of XMRV with CFS, at least in the UK.
Schulze A, Lemey P, Schubert J, et al., 2011, Complete nucleotide sequence and evolutionary analysis of a Gorilla foamy virus, JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY, Vol: 92, Pages: 582-586, ISSN: 0022-1317
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- Citations: 10
Shaw JLV, Wills GS, Lee K-F, et al., 2011, <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection Increases Fallopian Tube PROKR2 via TLR2 and NFκB Activation Resulting in a Microenvironment Predisposed to Ectopic Pregnancy, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, Vol: 178, Pages: 253-260, ISSN: 0002-9440
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- Citations: 45
Robinson M, Erlwien O, Kaye S, et al., 2010, Mouse DNA contamination in human tissue tested for XMRV, Retrovirology, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1742-4690
BackgroundWe used a PCR-based approach to study the prevalence of genetic sequences related to a gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, XMRV, in human prostate cancer. This virus has been identified in the US in prostate cancer patients and in those with chronic fatigue syndrome. However, with the exception of two patients in Germany, XMRV has not been identified in prostate cancer tissue in Europe. Most putative associations of new or old human retroviruses with diseases have turned out to be due to contamination. We have looked for XMRV sequences in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded prostate tissues. To control for contamination, PCR assays to detect either mouse mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or intracisternal A particle (IAP) long terminal repeat DNA were run on all samples, owing to their very high copy number in mouse cells.ResultsIn general agreement with the US prevalence, XMRV-like sequences were found in 4.8% of prostate cancers. However, these were also positive, as were 21.5% of XMRV-negative cases, for IAP sequences, and many, but not all were positive for mtDNA sequences.ConclusionsThese results show that contamination with mouse DNA is widespread and detectable by the highly sensitive IAP assay, but not always with less sensitive assays, such as murine mtDNA PCR. This study highlights the ubiquitous presence of mouse DNA in laboratory specimens and offers a means of rigorous validation for future studies of murine retroviruses in human disease.
Huang K-HG, Bonsall D, Katzourakis A, et al., 2010, B-cell depletion reveals a role for antibodies in the control of chronic HIV-1 infection, Nature Communications, Vol: 7
HIV can be partially contained by host immunity and understanding the basis of this may inform vaccine design. The importance of B-cell function in long-term control is poorly understood. One method of investigating this is in vivo cellular depletion. In this study, we take advantage of a unique opportunity to investigate the role of B cells in an HIV-infected patient. The HIV-1+ patient studied here was not taking antiretroviral drugs and was treated for pre-existing low-grade lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma by depletion of CD20+ B cells using rituximab. We demonstrate that B-cell depletion results in a decline in autologous neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a 1.7 log10 rise in HIV-1 plasma viral load (pVL). The recovery of NAbs results in a decline in pVL. The HIV-1 sequences diversify and NAb-resistant mutants are subsequently selected. These data suggest that B-cell function can contribute to the long-term control of pVL, and that NAbs may be more important in controlling chronic HIV-1 infection than previously suspected.
Erlwein O, McClure MO, 2010, Progress and prospects: Foamy virus vectors enter a new age, GENE THERAPY, Vol: 17, Pages: 1423-1429, ISSN: 0969-7128
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- Citations: 17
Barnes E, Flanagan P, Brown A, et al., 2010, Failure to Detect Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus in Blood of Individuals at High Risk of Blood-Borne Viral Infections, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 202, Pages: 1482-1485, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 38
Fryer HR, Frater J, Duda A, et al., 2010, Modelling the Evolution and Spread of HIV Immune Escape Mutants, PLOS PATHOGENS, Vol: 6, ISSN: 1553-7366
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- Citations: 45
Erlwein O, Kaye S, Robinson M, et al., 2010, Chronic fatigue syndrome: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, murine leukemia virus, both, or neither?, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 107, Pages: E161-E161, ISSN: 0027-8424
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- Citations: 5
Huang KH, Bonsall D, Katzourakis A, et al., 2010, B-cell depletion reveals a role for antibodies in the control of chronic HIV-1 infection., Nat Commun, Vol: 1, ISSN: 2041-1723
HIV can be partially contained by host immunity and understanding the basis of this may inform vaccine design. The importance of B-cell function in long-term control is poorly understood. One method of investigating this is in vivo cellular depletion. In this study, we take advantage of a unique opportunity to investigate the role of B cells in an HIV-infected patient. The HIV-1(+) patient studied here was not taking antiretroviral drugs and was treated for pre-existing low-grade lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma by depletion of CD20+ B cells using rituximab. We demonstrate that B-cell depletion results in a decline in autologous neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a 1.7 log(10) rise in HIV-1 plasma viral load (pVL). The recovery of NAbs results in a decline in pVL. The HIV-1 sequences diversify and NAb-resistant mutants are subsequently selected. These data suggest that B-cell function can contribute to the long-term control of pVL, and that NAbs may be more important in controlling chronic HIV-1 infection than previously suspected.
Fox J, Castro H, Kaye S, et al., 2010, Epidemiology of non-B clade forms of HIV-1 in men who have sex with men in the UK, AIDS, Vol: 24, Pages: 2397-2401, ISSN: 0269-9370
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- Citations: 31
McClure M, Kaye S, 2010, Can detection of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus be linked to chronic fatigue syndrome?, EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS, Vol: 10, Pages: 537-539, ISSN: 1473-7159
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- Citations: 1
Garvey L, Latch N, Erlwein O, et al., 2010, The effects of a nucleoside-sparing antiretroviral regimen on the pharmacokinetic profile of once-daily ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected subjects, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 11, Pages: 23-24, ISSN: 1464-2662
Hamlyn E, Hickling S, Frater J, et al., 2010, Protective HLA class I alleles are associated with reduced immune activation and fibrinolysis in individuals with primary HIV infection, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 11, Pages: 3-3, ISSN: 1464-2662
Broadbent A, McClure M, Ling A, et al., 2010, Chlamydia trachomatis do not enter a persistent state within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfected host cells, suggesting that HIV infection will not affect the efficacy of chlamydial antimicrobial therapy in vivo, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 11, Pages: 9-9, ISSN: 1464-2662
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- Citations: 1
McClure M, Wessely S, 2010, Chronic fatigue syndrome and human retrovirus XMRV, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 340, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 9
Erlwein O, Kaye S, McClure MO, et al., 2010, Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome, PLOS One, Vol: 5, ISSN: 1932-6203
BackgroundIn October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the US were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV), a virus previously linked to prostate cancer. This finding, if confirmed, would have a profound effect on the understanding and treatment of an incapacitating disease affecting millions worldwide. We have investigated CFS sufferers in the UK to determine if they are carriers of XMRV.MethodologyPatients in our CFS cohort had undergone medical screening to exclude detectable organic illness and met the CDC criteria for CFS. DNA extracted from blood samples of 186 CFS patients were screened for XMRV provirus and for the closely related murine leukaemia virus by nested PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. To control for the integrity of the DNA, the cellular beta-globin gene was amplified. Negative controls (water) and a positive control (XMRV infectious molecular clone DNA) were included. While the beta-globin gene was amplified in all 186 samples, neither XMRV nor MLV sequences were detected.ConclusionXMRV or MLV sequences were not amplified from DNA originating from CFS patients in the UK. Although we found no evidence that XMRV is associated with CFS in the UK, this may be a result of population differences between North America and Europe regarding the general prevalence of XMRV infection, and might also explain the fact that two US groups found XMRV in prostate cancer tissue, while two European studies did not.
Garvey L, Latch N, Erlwein OW, et al., 2010, The effects of a nucleoside-sparing antiretroviral regimen on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV type-1-infected patients, ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, Vol: 15, Pages: 213-218, ISSN: 1359-6535
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- Citations: 18
Singh S, Kaye S, Gore ME, et al., 2009, The role of human endogenous retroviruses in melanoma, BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Vol: 161, Pages: 1225-1231, ISSN: 0007-0963
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- Citations: 25
Fox J, White PJ, Macdonald N, et al., 2009, Reductions in HIV transmission risk behaviour following diagnosis of primary HIV infection: a cohort of high-risk men who have sex with men, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 432-438, ISSN: 1464-2662
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- Citations: 124
Wills GS, Horner PJ, Reynolds R, et al., 2009, Pgp3 Antibody Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Seroepidemiological Analysis of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection, CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 16, Pages: 835-843, ISSN: 1556-6811
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- Citations: 63
Hamlyn E, McClure M, Fidler S, 2009, A pilot study of changes in surrogate biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in individuals interrupting antiretroviral therapy initiated in primary HIV infection, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 2-2, ISSN: 1464-2662
Fox J, Alsop A, Elam G, et al., 2009, Understanding HIV-risk behaviour in HIV-serodiscordant couples - a novel approach, HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 54-54, ISSN: 1464-2662
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- Citations: 1
Singh S, Kaye S, Francis ND, et al., 2009, Revisiting the past: utilizing archival tissue for the detection and quantification of gene expression, BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Vol: 160, Pages: 885-886, ISSN: 0007-0963
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- Citations: 2
Singh S, Bunker CB, Kaye S, et al., 2009, Expression of human endogenous retrovirus k (HERV-K) mRNA and production of putative viral particles by melanoma cell lines, 69th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Investigative-Dermatology, Publisher: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: S136-S136, ISSN: 0022-202X
Fox J, Willberg C, Ziprin P, et al., 2009, The role of the gut mucosa in protection from HIV-1 in highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals (HEPS), HIV MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 5-5, ISSN: 1464-2662
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- Citations: 1
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