Publications
412 results found
Smith KM, Fowler GD, Pullket S, et al., 2012, The production of attrition resistant, sewage-sludge derived, granular activated carbon, SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 98, Pages: 240-248, ISSN: 1383-5866
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- Citations: 38
Zhao F, Li X, Graham N, 2012, Treatment of a model HA compound (resorcinol) by potassium manganate, SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 91, Pages: 52-58, ISSN: 1383-5866
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- Citations: 11
Dai J, Wang C, Shang C, et al., 2012, Comparison of the cytotoxic responses of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>) AMC 198 to different fullerene suspensions (<i>n</i>C<sub>60</sub>), CHEMOSPHERE, Vol: 87, Pages: 362-368, ISSN: 0045-6535
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- Citations: 7
Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Graham NJD, 2012, In-pipe Water Quality Monitoring in Water Supply Systems under Steady and Unsteady State Flow Conditions: A Quantitative Assessment, Water Research, Vol: 46, Pages: 235-246, ISSN: 0043-1354
Monitoring the quality of drinking water from the treatment plant to the consumers tap is critical to ensure compliance with national standards and/or WHO guideline levels. There are a number of processes and factors affecting the water quality during transmission and distribution which are little understood. A significant obstacle for gaining a detailed knowledge of various physical and chemical processes and the effect of the hydraulic conditions on the water quality deterioration within water supply systems is the lack of reliable and low-cost (both capital and O & M) water quality sensors for continuous monitoring. This paper has two objectives. The first one is to present a detailed evaluation of the performance of a novel in-pipe multi-parameter sensor probe for reagent- and membrane-free continuous water quality monitoring in water supply systems. The second objective is to describe the results from experimental research which was conducted to acquire continuous water quality and high-frequency hydraulic data for the quantitative assessment of the water quality changes occurring under steady and unsteady-state flow conditions. The laboratory and field evaluation of the multi-parameter sensor probe showed that the sensors have a rapid dynamic response, average repeatability and unreliable accuracy. The uncertainties in the sensor data present significant challenges for the analysis and interpretation of the acquired data and their use for water quality modelling, decision support and control in operational systems. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, the unique data sets acquired from transmission and distribution systems demonstrated the deleterious effect of unsteady state flow conditions on various water quality parameters. These studies demonstrate: (i) the significant impact of the unsteady-state hydraulic conditions on the disinfectant residual, turbidity and colour caused by the re-suspension of sediments, scouring of biofilms and tubercles from th
Bond T, Templeton MR, Graham N, 2012, Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water - a critical review and analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol: 235-236, Pages: 1-16
Ghebremichael K, Wasala LD, Kennedy M, et al., 2012, Comparative treatment performance and hydraulic characteristics of pumice and sand biofilters for point-of-use water treatment, JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA, Vol: 61, Pages: 201-209, ISSN: 0003-7214
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- Citations: 5
Stuber F, Smith KM, Baricot Mendoza M, et al., 2011, Sewage sludge based carbons for catalytic wet air oxidation of phenolic compounds in batch and trickle bed reactors, APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, Vol: 110, Pages: 81-89, ISSN: 0926-3373
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- Citations: 48
Bond T, Huang J, Templeton MR, et al., 2011, Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water - A review, Water Research, Vol: 45, Pages: 4341-4354, ISSN: 0043-1354
Marques RRN, Stueber F, Smith KM, et al., 2011, Sewage sludge based catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol: Preparation, characterisation and catalytic performance, APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, Vol: 101, Pages: 306-316, ISSN: 0926-3373
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- Citations: 83
Zhang Y, Martinez D, Collins C, et al., 2011, Modelling of haloacetic acid concentrations in a UK drinking water system, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua, Vol: 60, Pages: 275-285
Rivas J, Encinas A, Beltran F, et al., 2011, Application of advanced oxidation processes to doxycycline and norfloxacin removal from water, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 46, Pages: 944-951, ISSN: 1093-4529
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- Citations: 39
Zhao F-W, Li X, Graham N, 2011, The application of potassium manganate in water treatment, WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY, Vol: 11, Pages: 612-620, ISSN: 1606-9749
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- Citations: 7
Zhao F, Li X, Graham N, 2011, Treatment of a Model HA Compound (Resorcinol) by Potassium Manganate, 3rd International Symposium on Environmental Science and Technology (2011 ISEST), Publisher: SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Pages: 602-612
Graham NJD, 2010, "Current challenges and research in water treatment and supply", Proceedings of the 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Infrastructure and Environment, IPCIE 2010, Vol: 1
Water utilities worldwide are facing major challenges in the supply of drinking water in terms of diminishing water resources, deteriorating source water quality, rising energy costs and increasing consumer demands. To meet these challenges water utilities need to understand the performance of current technologies and processes better, and innovate, in order to enhance and optimise their performance. Such innovation is needed not only in terms of improved, or new, technologies, but also in the monitoring and management of the water supply infrastructure. The lecture with discuss these issues by reference to a few, specific examples covering water treatment and water supply pipe networks, and where the author is involved in ongoing research. For the former, the importance of natural organic material and its removal by treatment will be discussed. Firstly, the role of algae as a precursor material in the formation of chlorination by-product compounds (trihaloacetic acids) will be reviewed. It will be shown that halogenated by-product formation from algal cells and exudates is similar to that from ubiquitous humic-type substrates. Thus, the management of all forms of organic matter within the catchment and during treatment is essential to controlling the formation of potentially hazardous chemicals in drinking water. Secondly, during treatment separate chemicals are employed typically to achieve the removal of natural organic matter and organic micropollutants, involving an oxidant and a coagulant. A summary will be given of recent research that has considered the performance of a single chemical, potassium ferrate, which can combine both effects. In principle, the use of a single chemical can bring benefits of lower cost and energy, and practical convenience. Improving the operation of water supply networks is a major issue facing water utilities since it relates to water resources (loss of water through leakage/bursts), energy use (pumping), maintenance of assets (re
Lebigue CJ, Andriantsiferana C, Krou N, et al., 2010, Application of sludge-based carbonaceous materials in a hybrid water treatment process based on adsorption and catalytic wet air oxidation, JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Vol: 91, Pages: 2432-2439, ISSN: 0301-4797
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- Citations: 36
Chan TW, Graham NJD, Chu W, 2010, Degradation of iopromide by combined UV irradiation and peroxydisulfate, JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, Vol: 181, Pages: 508-513, ISSN: 0304-3894
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- Citations: 67
Sullivan C, Tyrer M, Cheeseman CR, et al., 2010, Disposal of water treatment wastes containing arsenic - A review, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 408, Pages: 1770-1778, ISSN: 0048-9697
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- Citations: 161
Sharma VK, Graham NJD, Li X-Z, et al., 2010, Ferrate(VI) enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of pollutants in aqueous TiO<sub>2</sub> suspensions, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, Vol: 17, Pages: 453-461, ISSN: 0944-1344
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- Citations: 47
De Julio M, Fioravante DA, De Julio TS, et al., 2010, A METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMISING THE REMOVAL OF CYANOBACTERIA CELLS FROM A BRAZILIAN EUTROPHIC WATER, BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 27, Pages: 113-126, ISSN: 0104-6632
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- Citations: 17
Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Arora A, et al., 2010, Multi-parameter water quality sensors for water supply systems, 10th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry, Publisher: CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Pages: 349-355
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- Citations: 1
Zhang Y, Collins C, Graham N, et al., 2010, Speciation and variation in occurrence of HAAs in three water supply systems in England, Water and Environment Journal, Vol: 24, Pages: 237-245
Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Graham N, 2010, Modelling Discolouration in Water Distribution Systems Caused by Hydraulic Transient Events, Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2010. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference, Publisher: ASCE
The occurrence of hydraulic transients in water transmission and distribution systems and their impact on the deterioration of water quality is a topic which is beginning to attract a significant interest among scientists and system operators. Hydraulic transients are traditionally associated with large scale system failures. However, experimental studies carried out by the authors of this paper demonstrate that the hydraulic conditions are rarely steady‐state and various fast and gradual transient events are frequently occurring due to the operation of pumps, control valves and stochastic demand. Furthermore, an analysis of the shape of acquired turbidity traces and field based experience have illustrated that it is the rate of flow change, represented by the unsteady‐state shear stress, rather than the change in the magnitude of the flow (represented by the steady‐state shear) that is responsible for particle mobilisation from the material layer in the pipe and the resulting discolouration events. Despite their importance, transient flow and the resulting unsteady‐state forces are neglected by existing discolouration models, frequently resulting in incorrect turbidity predictions. This paper describes the development of a 1‐D transient simulation model to describe discolouration caused by hydraulic transient events, by which the turbidity of the water is modelled with a transport equation which is coupled to a comprehensive hydraulic transient model. The hydraulic model estimates the unsteady shear stress generated during the transient using the Vardy Brown equation. A previously proposed approach (Boxall et al. 2001) is used to model the release of the discolouration material from the pipe wall into the flow, due to the excess shear stress applied at the wall. The presented transient discoloration model was assessed using hydraulic and discolouration data provided in the literature. Simulation results of the hydraulic transient model demonstrate that the magnitud
Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Graham N, 2010, Modelling Chlorine Transport under Unsteady‐State Hydraulic Conditions, Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2010, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference, Publisher: ASCE
The occurrence of hydraulic transient events in water supply systems may adversely affect the quality of drinking water. Sudden changes in the flow and pressure may cause sediment and biofilm detachment leading to discoloration and loss of residual chlorine. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a 1‐D model that describes the chlorine transport during steady and unsteady‐state (transient) flow conditions. The main objectives for the model development are accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency as it is intended to be used for operational management. The model was developed by coupling the mass transport equation with a comprehensive hydraulic transient solver which accounts for changes in flow, compressibility and inertia effects. The main contribution has been the inclusion of the unsteady shear stress during transient flow conditions with modelling the chlorine transport. This approach differs from existing 1‐D water quality models which use steady state formulas and which fail to explain sudden changes in residual chlorine. In the model, the unsteady shear stress is determined and its significance to chlorine propagation is evaluated. The value of the unsteady shear stress is used to evaluate the fluctuations of the velocity profile, which are neglected in 1‐D transport modelling. The effect of the transient velocity profile on chlorine decay is taken into account by using a chlorine decay coefficient which varies for steady and unsteady‐state (transient) flows. The validity of the modeling approach is evaluated by benchmarking its performance with a 2‐D transient model which explicitly considers the 2‐D velocity profile.
Sharma VK, Graham NJD, 2010, Oxidation of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins by Ozone: A Review, OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, Vol: 32, Pages: 81-90, ISSN: 0191-9512
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- Citations: 127
Graham NJD, Khoi TT, Jiang J-Q, 2010, Oxidation and coagulation of humic substances by potassium ferrate, WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 929-936, ISSN: 0273-1223
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- Citations: 45
Savic DA, Boxall JB, Ulanicki B, et al., 2009, Project neptune: Improved operation of water distribution networks, Geotechnical Special Publication, Pages: 543-558, ISSN: 0895-0563
Water service providers (WSPs) in the UK have statutory obligations to supply drinking water to all customers that complies with increasingly stringent water quality regulations and minimum flow and pressure criteria. At the same time, the industry is required by regulators and investors to demonstrate increasing operational efficiency and to meet a wide range of performance criteria that are expected to improve year-on-year. Most WSPs have an ideal for improving the operation of their water supply systems based on increased knowledge and understanding of their assets and a shift to proactive management followed by steadily increasing degrees of system monitoring, automation and optimisation. The fundamental mission is, however, to ensure security of supply, with no interruptions and water quality of the highest standard at the tap. Unfortunately, advanced technologies required to fully understand, manage and automate water supply system operation either do not yet exist, are only partially evolved, or have not yet been reliably proven for live water distribution systems. It is this deficiency that the project NEPTUNE seeks to address by carrying out research into 3 main areas; these are: data and knowledge management; pressure management (including energy management); and the associated complex decision support systems on which to base interventions. The 3-year project started in April of 2007 and has already resulted in a number of research findings under the three main research priority areas (RPA). The paper summarises in greater detail the overall project objectives, the RPA activities and the areas of research innovation that are being undertaken in this major, UK collaborative study. Copyright 2009 ASCE.
Duan J, Niu A, Shi D, et al., 2009, Factors affecting the coagulation of seawater by ferric chloride, DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, Vol: 11, Pages: 173-183, ISSN: 1944-3994
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- Citations: 18
Templeton MR, Graham N, Voulvoulis N, 2009, Emerging chemical contaminants in water and wastewater INTRODUCTION, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol: 367, Pages: 3873-3875, ISSN: 1364-503X
Savic DA, Boxall JB, Ulanicki B, et al., 2009, Project neptune: Improved operation of water distribution networks, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference, WDSA 2008, Pages: 543-558
Water service providers (WSPs) in the UK have statutory obligations to supply drinking water to all customers that complies with increasingly stringent water quality regulations and minimum flow and pressure criteria. At the same time, the industry is required by regulators and investors to demonstrate increasing operational efficiency and to meet a wide range of performance criteria that are expected to improve year-on-year. Most WSPs have an ideal for improving the operation of their water supply systems based on increased knowledge and understanding of their assets and a shift to proactive management followed by steadily increasing degrees of system monitoring, automation and optimisation.The fundamental mission is, however, to ensure security of supply, with no interruptions and water quality of the highest standard at the tap. Unfortunately, advanced technologies required to fully understand, manage and automate water supply system operation either do not yet exist, are only partially evolved, or have not yet been reliably proven for live water distribution systems. It is this deficiency that the project NEPTUNE seeks to address by carrying out research into 3 main areas; these are: data and knowledge management; pressure management (including energy management); and the associated complex decision support systems on which to base interventions. The 3-year project started in April of 2007 and has already resulted in a number of research findings under the three main research priority areas (RPA). The paper summarises in greater detail the overall project objectives, the RPA activities and the areas of research innovation that are being undertaken in this major, UK collaborative study. ©ASCE 2009.
Hoult N, Bennett PJ, Stoianov I, et al., 2009, Wireless sensor networks: creating smart infrastructure [Awarded the ICE 2010 Telford Gold Medal], Proceedings of the ICE - Civil Engineering, Vol: 162, Pages: 136-143, ISSN: 0307-8353
The deterioration of civil infrastructure is a significant issue throughout the world. To manage infrastructure in a way that ensures safe and efficient operation, managers and engineers require data about its short- and long-term performance. This paper reports on the trial installations of wireless sensor networks in a suspension bridge, slab bridge, rail tunnel and water supply pipeline. Each installation is introduced in terms of hardware, measured parameters, sensors, sampling regimes and installationand operational challenges. Preliminary results from each system are discussed to illustrate the variety of information that can be made available to managers and engineers, and how this information canbe utilised and presented.
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