Publications
184 results found
Voulvoulis N, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN, 1999, Analytical methods for the determination of 9 antifouling paint booster biocides in estuarine water samples, Chemosphere, Vol: 38, Pages: 3503-3516, ISSN: 0045-6535
Analytical procedures for the determination of nine organic booster biocides which are currently licensed for use in marine antifouling paints, and are thought likely to occur at concentrations in the ng l(-1) range in estuarine water samples, are reviewed. A robust multiresidue method for the determination of four compounds (chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, diuron and Irgarol 1051) is suggested. A route for the development of a method for the analysis of zinc pyrithione is outlined, based on an extraction method and subsequent derivatisation prior to determination by HPLC with fluorescence defection. Methodology for Zineb, Kathon 5287, TCMS pyridine and TCMTB is less clearly defined. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Voulvoulis N, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN, 1999, Alternative antifouling biocides, Applied Organometallic Chemistry, Vol: 13, Pages: 135-143, ISSN: 0268-2605
In response to increasing scientific evidence on the toxicity and occurrence of organotin residues from antifouling paints in the aquatic environment, the use of triorganotin antifouling products was banned on boats of less than 25 m length in many countries during 1987, The use of tributyltin (TBT) products on small boats was superseded by products based on copper, containing organic booster biocides to improve the efficacy of the formulation. Available information and evidence on the occurrence, fate and toxicity of these biocides is reviewed, It is concluded that increased copper concentrations in the aquatic environment, due to the increased use of copper-based antifoulants, do not have significant effects on marine ecosystems. However, lack of validated analytical methods, limited monitoring data, and very little information about the fate and toxicity of the booster biocides in the aquatic environment, make accurate risk assessments in relation to these compounds difficult. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VOULVOULIS N, 1999, Analytical methods for the determination of 9 antifouling paint booster biocides in estuarine water samples, Chemosphere, Vol: 38, Pages: 3505-3516
Voulvoulis N, Lester JN, 1996, Biocides from antifouling paints in the aquatic environment, 6th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Pages: 116-123
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