Imperial College London
Alternate

Professor Neil Ferguson

Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health

Director of the School of Public Health
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 3296neil.ferguson Website

 
 
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Location

 

508School of Public HealthWhite City Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Karkey:2016:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004346,
author = {Karkey, A and Jombart, T and Walker, AW and Thompson, CN and Torres, A and Dongol, S and Tran, Vu Thieu N and Pham, Thanh D and Tran, Thi Ngoc D and Voong, Vinh P and Singer, AC and Parkhill, J and Thwaites, G and Basnyat, B and Ferguson, N and Baker, S},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0004346},
journal = {PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases},
title = {The Ecological Dynamics of Fecal Contamination and Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in Municipal Kathmandu Drinking Water.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004346},
volume = {10},
year = {2016}
}
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RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - One of the UN sustainable development goals is to achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030. It is locations like Kathmandu, Nepal, a densely populated city in South Asia with endemic typhoid fever, where this goal is most pertinent. Aiming to understand the public health implications of water quality in Kathmandu we subjected weekly water samples from 10 sources for one year to a range of chemical and bacteriological analyses. We additionally aimed to detect the etiological agents of typhoid fever and longitudinally assess microbial diversity by 16S rRNA gene surveying. We found that the majority of water sources exhibited chemical and bacterial contamination exceeding WHO guidelines. Further analysis of the chemical and bacterial data indicated site-specific pollution, symptomatic of highly localized fecal contamination. Rainfall was found to be a key driver of this fecal contamination, correlating with nitrates and evidence of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, for which DNA was detectable in 333 (77%) and 303 (70%) of 432 water samples, respectively. 16S rRNA gene surveying outlined a spectrum of fecal bacteria in the contaminated water, forming complex communities again displaying location-specific temporal signatures. Our data signify that the municipal water in Kathmandu is a predominant vehicle for the transmission of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. This study represents the first extensive spatiotemporal investigation of water pollution in an endemic typhoid fever setting and implicates highly localized human waste as the major contributor to poor water quality in the Kathmandu Valley.
AU  - Karkey,A
AU  - Jombart,T
AU  - Walker,AW
AU  - Thompson,CN
AU  - Torres,A
AU  - Dongol,S
AU  - Tran,Vu Thieu N
AU  - Pham,Thanh D
AU  - Tran,Thi Ngoc D
AU  - Voong,Vinh P
AU  - Singer,AC
AU  - Parkhill,J
AU  - Thwaites,G
AU  - Basnyat,B
AU  - Ferguson,N
AU  - Baker,S
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004346
PY  - 2016///
SN  - 1935-2735
TI  - The Ecological Dynamics of Fecal Contamination and Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in Municipal Kathmandu Drinking Water.
T2  - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004346
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29190
VL  - 10
ER  -
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