Imperial College London

DrOleksiySydoruk

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Senior Lecturer
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 6188o.sydoruk Website

 
 
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Location

 

703Electrical EngineeringSouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

75 results found

Syms RRA, Kwan FY, Sydoruk O, 2023, Dark field imaging of high aspect ratio structures - a simple model., Opt Express, Vol: 31, Pages: 39279-39291

A simplified model for dark-field optical imaging of three-dimensional high aspect ratio micro- and nano- structures is proposed, to reduce the time taken to simulate object fields with in-plane scattering between different parts of the object. Primary scattering is found by assuming that illumination of Manhattan geometries generates a set of spherical edge waves, following the incremental theory of diffraction. Secondary scattering is found by assuming that primary scattering is re-scattered from nearby features. Diffraction coefficients are simplified, and the number of illuminating beams is limited to those generating waves that enter the objective lens. Images obtained using TE and TM polarizations are compared, and results are benchmarked against a vectorial finite element model. Applications lie in simulating optical inspection of structures containing vertically etched features including MEMS and NEMS.

Journal article

Sydoruk O, Syms R, Voronov A, 2023, Waveguide antenna topologies for distributed high-frequency near-field communication and localization, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol: 71, Pages: 5026-5035, ISSN: 0018-926X

High-frequency near-field communication is an inherently short-range technology. However, the total capture volume can be increased with traveling-wave antennas. Here, we report on analysis, design, and measurements of flexible waveguide antennas and discuss their performance for near-field communication and localization. The antennas comprise sections of coaxial transmission lines loaded periodically with field-generating inductive networks. Several topologies were compared to each other theoretically and the best-performing candidate was selected to fabricate antennas between 5 and 48 meters long, each containing 15 read nodes. Waveguiding properties of the antennas were measured and agreement with theory was demonstrated. Afterwards, each antenna was integrated with a custom NFC reader and shown to be capable of near-field communication with and localization of commercial off-the-shelf transponders compliant with ISO 14443 Type A protocol. The transverse detection range was 10 cm with 1 W input RF power. Both one-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional configurations were tested. The proposed antennas are flexible, scalable, have low loss, and could be used for near-field communication, identification, and tracking of distributed and mobile tags.

Journal article

Voronov A, Syms RRA, Sydoruk O, 2022, High-performance magnetoinductive directional filters, Electronics, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 1450-5843

Multiport magnetoinductive (MI) devices with directional filter properties are presented. Design equations are developed and solved using wave analysis and dispersion theory, and it is shown that high-performance directional filters can be realised for use both in MI systems with complex, frequency-dependent impedance and in conventional systems with real impedance. Wave analysis is used to reduce the complexity of circuit equations. High-performance MI structures combining directional and infinite rejection filtering are demonstrated, as well as multiple-passband high-rejection filtering. A new method for improving filtering performance through multipath loss compensation is described. Methods for constructing tuneable devices using toroidal ferrite-cored transformers are proposed and demonstrated, and experimental results for tuneable MI directional filters are shown to agree with theoretical models. Limitations are explored, and power handling sufficient for HF RFID applications is demonstrated, despite the use of ferrite materials.

Journal article

Dawood A, Park S, Parker-Jervis R, Wood C, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Cunningham J, Sydoruk Oet al., 2021, Effect of mesa geometry on low-terahertz frequency range plasmons in two-dimensional electron systems, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol: 55, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0022-3727

We demonstrate engineering of the low-terahertz range plasmonic spectra of two-dimensional electron systems by modifying their geometry. Specifically, we have modelled, fabricated, and measured two devices for comparison. The first device has a rectangular channel, while the second is trapezoidal, designed to support a richer plasmonic spectrum by causing variation in the device width along the direction of plasmon propagation. We show that while plasmon resonant frequencies and field distributions in the rectangular device can largely be described by a simple one-dimensional analytical model, the field distributions modelled in the trapezoidal device shows a more complex pattern with significant variation along the length of the channel, so requiring a two-dimensional treatment. The results illustrate the potential of modifying the channel geometry to obtain different spectra in experiments, with potential applications in the design of novel terahertz-range devices, such as plasmon-based sources and detectors.

Journal article

Sydoruk O, Zonetti S, Siaber S, Cunningham Jet al., 2021, Scattering-induced amplification of two-dimensional plasmons: electromagnetic modeling, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol: 129, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 0021-8979

Using two rigorous electromagnetic approaches, we study plasmon scattering in two-dimensional systems and show that plasmon amplification is possible in the presence of dc currents. Two scenarios are considered: plasmon scattering from an interface between different two-dimensional channels and plasmon reflection from electric contacts of arbitrary thickness. In each case, the effect of a dc current of the plasmon reflection and transmission coefficients and the plasmon power are both quantified. A resonant system is studied where plasmon roundtrip gain may exceed unity, showing the possibility of plasmon generation.

Journal article

Syms R, Sydoruk O, Wiltshire M, 2021, Magneto-inductive HF RFID system, International Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Applications, Vol: 5, Pages: 148-153, ISSN: 1745-3216

Efforts to increase read range in passive HF RFID systems are hampered by the poor range scaling law of inductive coupling. An alternative approach to enlarging capture volume—increasing the lateral extent of the antenna—is proposed, using a magneto-inductive (MI) travelling wave arrangement to allow larger antenna sizes. A theory of load modulation in MI systems is first presented, together with field simulations in the capture volume. A 2.3 metre-long MI antenna is then constructed, and an active tag emulator is used to demonstrate load modulation. RFID is then demonstrated, with the antenna in both reflection and transmission modes, using a custom reader constructed from laboratory equipment. A transverse read range of 0.5 m is obtained using commercial off-the-shelf RFID cards with 12 W RF power, with high uniformity along the length of the antenna.

Journal article

Voronov A, Sydoruk O, Syms RRA, 2021, Power waves and scattering parameters in magneto-inductive systems, AIP Advances, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2158-3226

Difficulties arise in the definition of power flow in transmission-line systems with a complex propagation constant. These were resolved by Kurokawa using quantities known as “power waves,” which contain both voltage and current terms and correctly separate power flow into forward- and backward-traveling components. Similar difficulties must arise for electromagnetic metamaterials since any discrete, periodic structure leads to band-limited propagation, with a complex propagation constant both inside and outside the bands due to loss and cutoff, respectively. Here, discrete power waves are defined for magneto-inductive (MI) systems, metamaterials based on chains of magnetically coupled LC resonators. These waves are shown to satisfy the discrete power conservation equation for MI waves and are used to calculate scattering parameters for multi-port MI devices without the anomalous predictions of conventional methods. The results will allow correct evaluation of internal scattering parameters in MI systems.

Journal article

Park S, Zonetti S, Parker-Jervis R, Wu J, Wood C, Li LH, Davies G, Linfield E, Sydoruk O, Cunningham Jet al., 2021, Terahertz magnetoplasmon resonances in coupled cavities formed in a gated two-dimensional electron gas, Optics Express, Vol: 29, Pages: 12958-12966, ISSN: 1094-4087

We report on both experiments and theory of low-terahertz frequency range (up to 400 GHz) magnetoplasmons in a gated two-dimensional electron gas at low (<4K) temperatures. The evolution of magnetoplasmon resonances was observed as a function of magnetic field at frequencies up to ∼400 GHz. Full-wave 3D simulations of the system predicted the spatial distribution of plasmon modes in the 2D channel, along with their frequency response, allowing us to distinguish those resonances caused by bulk and edge magnetoplasmons in the experiments. Our methodology is anticipated to be applicable to the low temperature (<4K) on-chip terahertz measurements of a wide range of other low-dimensional mesoscopic systems.

Journal article

Parker-Jervis RS, Park SJ, Zonetti S, Sydoruk O, Wu J, Wood CD, Li LH, Davies AG, Linfield EH, Cunningham JEet al., 2020, On-chip terahertz spectroscopy of magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional electron gas, 45th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2162-2027

Conference paper

Siaber S, Zonetti S, Sydoruk O, 2019, Junctions between two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides in the presence of retardation, Journal of Optics, Vol: 21, ISSN: 2040-8978

Plasmons in two-dimensional waveguides are traditionally analysed within the electrostatic approximation, which assumes that the plasmon phase velocity is much smaller than the velocity of light. However, novel effects have recently been demonstrated for plasmons whose velocity is comparable to the velocity of light. In this retardation regime, electrostatic models are inaccurate. For a junction between two plasmonic waveguides, we present an analytical and a numerical model both valid in the retardation regime and compare them to an electrostatic model. We quantify the reflected and transmitted powers and the radiation loss in several scenarios. We found that power is radiated from a junction at the expense of the power of the reflected plasmon, but retardation has little effect on the phases of the reflected and transmitted plasmons. The radiation loss is typically below several percent when the plasmon velocities are five or more times below the light velocity. However, radiation still persists for slower plasmon velocities for a junction between a two-dimensional waveguide and a perfectly conducting sheet. As a result, retardation is expected to degrade the quality factors of plasmonic resonators without affecting their eigenfrequencies.

Journal article

Syms RRA, Sydoruk O, Bouchaala A, 2019, Improved optical imaging of high aspect ratio nanostructures using dark-field microscopy, Nanotechnology, Vol: 30, ISSN: 0957-4484

Improvements to white light optical imaging of widely spaced, high aspect ratio nanostructures are demonstrated using dark-field field microscopy. 1D models of bright- and dark-field imaging are developed from rigorous modal diffraction theory by assuming that features are periodic. A simple model is developed to explain dark field results and simulated line images obtained using the two modalities are compared for different dimensions and materials. Increased contrast between etched features and the substrate is demonstrated in dark field, due to its reduced sensitivity to scattering from flat areas. The results are verified using silicon nanostructures fabricated by sidewall transfer lithography, and feature separation with improved tolerance to apparent substrate brightness is demonstrated during image segmentation using the Otsu method.

Journal article

Siaber S, Zonetti S, Cunningham J, Sydoruk Oet al., 2019, Terahertz plasmon resonances in two-dimensional electron systems: modeling approaches, Physical Review Applied, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2331-7019

Known approaches to modeling terahertz plasmons in two-dimensional electron sys-tems may differ significantly in their assumptions. There has, however, been littleeffort to analyze the differences between and application of different models to thesame sets of structures. This paper discusses, develops, and compares several differenttheoretical approaches—namely, an effective-medium approximation, a transmission-line model, modal analysis, and full-wave simulations. In particular, wepresent atransmission-line model that takes into account the dielectric/air surrounding of atwo-dimensional system. Using modal analysis, we also solve analytically the problemof plasmon reflection and transmission when plasmons are incident ona junction be-tween gated and an ungated two-dimensional waveguides. Comparing the predictionsmade by the models for several structures, we found good agreement between full-wave simulations and both analytical and numerical modal analysis. The results ofthe effective-medium approximation and the transmission-line modelalso agreed witheach other, but differed quantitatively from full-wave simulations and modal analysis.We attribute the differences to the phases of plasmon reflection and transmission co-efficients obtained using the different approaches. Our analytical expressions for theplasmon transmission and reflection coefficients represent a simple yet accurate way to model plasmons in two-dimensional systems comprising both gated and ungated sections.

Journal article

Dawood A, Wu J, Wood C, Li L, Linfield E, Davies G, Cunningham J, Sydoruk Oet al., 2019, Full-wave modelling of terahertz frequency plasmons in two-dimensional electron systems, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol: 52, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0022-3727

While models of terahertz frequency plasmons in two-dimensional electron systems are usually developed by reducing the number of spatial dimensions, fully three-dimensional models may be needed for the design and analysis of realistic structures. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulations, we have analysed the plasmons and magnetoplasmons observed in two recent experiments. Here, we demonstrate agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results, and discuss further device characteristics such as plasmon transmission, reflection, absorption, and field distributions. We then compare the three-dimensional full-wave simulations with a two-dimensional model. Finally, we discuss approaches for increasing signal transmission and reducing reflection, with direct relevance for improving future experiments.

Journal article

Sydoruk O, Siaber S, Zonetti S, 2019, Radiation from junctions between two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides, 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2162-2027

Conference paper

Syms RRA, Bouchaala A, Sydoruk O, Liu Det al., 2018, Optical imaging and image analysis for high aspect ratio NEMS, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol: 29, ISSN: 0960-1317

A strategy for optical microscopy of high-aspect-ratio (HAR) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) that combine large feature spacing and large height with sub-wavelength width is presented. Line images are simulated using a 2D model of incoherent imaging based on modal diffraction theory. Beyond a sufficient depth, it is shown that sub-wavelength features appear as dark lines, while wider features are visible as their edges. The results suggest NEMS and MEMS may be separated from background in images by detection of valleys in brightness. Results are confirmed by imaging of Si NEMS containing 100 nm wide features in a bright-field microscope. Algorithms for separation of NEMS, MEMS and background in microscope images based on valley detection, thresholding and masking are demonstrated.

Journal article

Fobelets K, Panteli C, Sydoruk O, Li Cet al., 2018, Ammonia sensing using arrays of silicon nanowires and graphene, Journal of Semiconductors, Vol: 39, ISSN: 1674-4926

Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic gas released in different industrial, agricultural and natural processes. It is also a biomarker for some diseases. These require NH3 sensors for health and safety reasons. To boost the sensitivity of solid-state sensors, the effective sensing area should be increased. Two methods are explored and compared using an evaporating pool of 0.5 mL NH4OH (28% NH3). In the first method an array of Si nanowires (Si NWA) is obtained via metal-assisted-electrochemical etching to increase the effective surface area. In the second method CVD graphene is suspended on top of the Si nanowires to act as a sensing layer. Both the effective surface area as well as the density of surface traps influences the amplitude of the response. The effective surface area of Si NWAs is 100 × larger than that of suspended graphene for the same top surface area, leading to a larger response in amplitude by a factor of ~7 notwithstanding a higher trap density in suspended graphene. The use of Si NWAs increases the response rate for both Si NWAs as well as the suspended graphene due to more effective NH3 diffusion processes.

Journal article

Panteli C, Fobelets K, Sydoruk O, 2017, Graphene Suspended on Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Enhanced Gas Sensing, 231st ECS Meeting, ISSN: 2151-2043

Conference paper

Sydoruk O, Siaber S, Pouzada D, Cunningham JEet al., 2016, Modeling terahertz plasmons in coupled semiconductor resonators, IRMMW-THz 2016, Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2162-2035

Plasmons in two-dimensional systems find applications in terahertz oscillators, detectors, filters, plasmonic crystals, etc. Numerous approaches to modeling plasmonic spectra exists, but little work has been done to compare results from theoretical calculations with each other, and so to understand their limitations. Using three different techniques (full-wave simulations, mode matching, and trasmission-line model), we analyse here a realistic structure comprising three coupled plasmonic resonators. While the results of all three models offer qualitatively similar results, revealing a rich spectrum of coupled modes, the values of the predicted resonant frequencies differ between the models. The best agreement is found between full-wave simulations and mode matching, both of which are based on rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations.

Conference paper

Panteli C, Liu D, Sydoruk O, Fobelets Ket al., 2016, Through graphene etching of porous Si by electroless metal assisted chemical etching, MNE

Conference paper

Wu J, Sydoruk O, Mayorov AS, Wood CD, Mistry D, Li L, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Cunningham JEet al., 2016, Time-domain measurement of terahertz frequency magnetoplasmon resonances in a two-dimensional electron system by the direct injection of picosecond pulsed currents, Applied Physics Letters, Vol: 108, ISSN: 1077-3118

We have investigated terahertz (THz) frequency magnetoplasmon resonances in a two-dimensional electron system through the direct injection of picosecond duration current pulses. The evolution of the time-domain signals was measured as a function of magnetic field, and the results were found to be in agreement with calculations using a mode-matching approach for four modes observed in the frequency range above 0.1 THz. This introduces a generic technique suitable for sampling ultrafast carrier dynamics in low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures at THz frequencies.

Journal article

Sydoruk O, Wu JB, Mayorov A, Wood CD, Mistry DM, Cunningham JEet al., 2015, Terahertz plasmons in coupled two-dimensional semiconductor resonators, Physical Review B, Vol: 92, Pages: 1-6, ISSN: 1550-235X

Advances in theory are needed to match recent progress in measurements of coupled semiconductor resonators supporting terahertz plasmons. Here, we present a field-based model of plasmonic resonators that comprise gated and ungated two-dimensional electron systems. The model is compared to experimental measurements of a representative system, in which the interaction between the gated and ungated modes leads to a rich spectrum of hybridized resonances. A theoretical framework is thus established for the analysis and design of gated low-dimensional systems used as plasmonic resonators, underlining their potential application in the manipulation of terahertz frequency range signals.

Journal article

Sydoruk O, Choonee K, Dyer GC, 2015, Transmission and reflection of terahertz plasmons in two-dimensional plasmonic devices, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol: 5, Pages: 486-496, ISSN: 2156-342X

Plasmons in two-dimensional semiconductor devices will be reflected by discontinuities, notably, junctions between gated and non-gated electron channels. The transmitted and reflected plasmons can form spatially- and frequency-varying signals, and their understanding is important for the design of terahertz detectors, oscillators, and plasmonic crystals. Using mode decomposition, we studied terahertz plasmons incident on a junction between a gated and a nongated channel. The plasmon reflection and transmission coefficients were found numerically and analytically and studied between 0.3 and 1 THz for a range of electron densities. At higher frequencies, we could describe the plasmons by a simplified model of channels in homogeneous dielectrics, for which the analytical approximations were accurate. At low frequencies, however, the full geometry and mode spectrum had to be taken into account. The results agreed with simulations by the finite-element method. Mode decomposition thus proved to be a powerful method for plasmonic devices, combining the rigor of complete solutions of Maxwell's equations with the convenience of analytical expressions.

Journal article

Hadjicosti K, Sydoruk O, Maier SA, Shamonina Eet al., 2015, Surface polaritons in magnetic metamaterials from perspective of effective-medium and circuit models, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol: 117, ISSN: 1089-7550

Surface waves are responsible for many phenomena occurring in metamaterials and have been studiedextensively. At the same time, the effects of inter-element coupling on surface electromagnetic waves(polaritons) remain poorly understood. Using two models, one relying on the effective-mediumapproximation and the other on equivalent circuits, we studied theoretically surface polaritonspropagating along an interface between air and a magnetic metamaterial. The metamaterial comprisedsplit rings that could be uncoupled or coupled to each other in the longitudinal or transverse directions(along or perpendicular to the propagation direction). A metamaterial without inter-element couplingsupported a single polariton. When a moderate longitudinal coupling was included, it changed thewave dispersion only quantitatively, and the results of the effective-medium and the circuit modelswere shown to agree at low wavenumbers. However, the presence of a transverse coupling changedthe polariton dispersion dramatically. The effective-medium model yielded two branches of polaritondispersion at low values of the transverse coupling. As the coupling increased, both polaritonsdisappeared. The validity of the effective-medium model was further tested by employing the circuitmodel. In this model, surface polaritons could exist in the presence of a transverse coupling only if theboundary layer of the metamaterial included additional impedances, which could become non-Foster.The results reveal that the inter-element coupling is a major mechanism affecting the properties of thepolaritons. They also highlight the limitations of using bulk effective-medium parameters for interfaceproblems in metamaterials.

Journal article

Hadjicosti K, Maier SA, Sydoruk O, 2015, Line-defect magneto-inductive waveguides and waveguide components, 9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 94-96

Conference paper

Sydoruk O, 2014, Amplification and generation of terahertz plasmons in gated two-dimensional channels: Modal analysis, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol: 115, ISSN: 0021-8979

Journal article

Hadjicosti K, Sydoruk O, Maier SA, Shamonina Eet al., 2014, Surface polaritons born by inter-element coupling in magnetic metamaterials, 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Metamaterials), Publisher: IEEE

Conference paper

Sydoruk O, 2013, Amplification of drifting semiconductor plasmons and effects of carrier collisions and diffusion, JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol: 46, ISSN: 0022-3727

Journal article

Syms RRA, Sydoruk O, Solymar L, 2013, Noise in one-dimensional metamaterials supporting magnetoinductive lattice waves, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, Vol: 87, ISSN: 2469-9950

Journal article

Sydoruk O, 2013, Drifting plasmons in open two-dimensional channels: modal analysis, JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol: 46, ISSN: 0022-3727

Journal article

Syms RRA, Sydoruk O, Solymar L, 2013, Transmission-Line Model of Noisy Electromagnetic Media, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol: 61, Pages: 14-22, ISSN: 0018-9480

Journal article

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