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@article{Ashok:2017:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135,
author = {Ashok, AH and Mizuno, Y and Volkow, ND and Howes, OD},
doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135},
journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
pages = {511--519},
title = {Association of stimulants use with dopaminergic alterations in users of cocaine, amphetamine, or methamphetamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135},
volume = {74},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Importance  Stimulant use disorder is common, affecting between 0.3% and 1.1% of the population, and costs more than $85 billion per year globally. There are no licensed treatments to date. Several lines of evidence implicate the dopamine system in the pathogenesis of substance use disorder. Therefore, understanding the nature of dopamine dysfunction seen in stimulant users has the potential to aid the development of new therapeutics.Objective  To comprehensively review the in vivo imaging evidence for dopaminergic alterations in stimulant (cocaine, amphetamine, or methamphetamine) abuse or dependence.Data Sources  The entire PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies from inception date to May 14, 2016.Study Selection  Case-control studies were identified that compared dopaminergic measures between stimulant users and healthy controls using positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography to measure striatal dopamine synthesis or release or to assess dopamine transporter availability or dopamine receptor availability.Data Extraction and Synthesis  Demographic, clinical, and imaging measures were extracted from each study, and meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted for stimulants combined, as well as for cocaine and for amphetamine and methamphetamine separately if there were sufficient studies.Main Outcomes and Measures  Differences were measured in dopamine release (assessed using change in the D2/D3 receptor availability after administration of amphetamine or methylphenidate), dopamine transporter availability, and dopamine receptor availability in cocaine users, amphetamine and methamphetamine users, and healthy controls.Results  A total of 31 studies that compared dopaminergic measures between 519 stimulant users and 512 healthy controls were included in the final analysis. In most of the studies, the duration of abstinence varied from 5 days to 3 weeks. There was a significant decrease in striatal
AU  - Ashok,AH
AU  - Mizuno,Y
AU  - Volkow,ND
AU  - Howes,OD
DO  - 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135
EP  - 519
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 2168-6238
SP  - 511
TI  - Association of stimulants use with dopaminergic alterations in users of cocaine, amphetamine, or methamphetamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
T2  - JAMA Psychiatry
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44057
VL  - 74
ER  -

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