Publications
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Chua F, Armstrong-James D, Desai SR, et al., 2020, The role of CT in case ascertainment and management of COVID-19 pneumonia in the UK: insights from high-incidence regions, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol: 8, Pages: 438-440, ISSN: 2213-2600
Petrushkin H, Sethi C, Potter J, et al., 2020, Developing a pathway for the diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis. The pan-LOndon Ocular tuberculosis Pathway-LOOP, EYE, Vol: 34, Pages: 805-808, ISSN: 0950-222X
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- Citations: 8
Testi I, Betzler B, Gupta V, et al., 2020, Current clinical management of ocular tuberculosis, EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 93-99, ISSN: 1746-9899
Tiberi S, Zumla A, Raviglione M, et al., 2020, A postgraduate qualification in tuberculosis-Message in a bottle, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 92, Pages: S100-S102, ISSN: 1201-9712
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- Citations: 1
Guvenel A, Jozwik A, Ascough S, et al., 2020, Epitope-specific airway-resident CD4+ T-cell dynamics during experimental human RSV infection, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol: 130, Pages: 523-538, ISSN: 0021-9738
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute pulmonary disease and one of the last remaining major infections of childhood for which there is no vaccine. CD4+ T-cells play a key role in antiviral immunity, but they have been little studied in the human lung. Methods: Healthy adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with RSV A Memphis 37. CD4+ T-cells in blood and lower airway were analysed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Bronchial soluble mediators were measured using quantitative PCR and MesoScale Discovery. Epitope mapping was performed by IFN-γ ELISpot screening, confirmed by in vitro MHC binding. Results: Activated CD4+ T-cell frequencies in bronchoalveolar lavage correlated strongly with local CXCL10 levels. Thirty-nine epitopes were identified, predominantly towards the 3’ end of the viral genome. Five novel MHC-II tetramers were made using an immunodominant F-EFY epitope restricted to HLA-DR4, -DR9 and -DR11 (combined allelic frequency: 15% in Europeans) and G- DDF restricted to HLA-DPA1*01:03/DPB1*02:01 and -DPA1*01:03/DPB1*04:01 (allelic frequency: 55%). Tetramer labelling revealed enrichment of resident memory CD4+ T-cells (TRM) cells in the lower airway; these TRM displayed progressive differentiation, down-regulation of co- stimulatory molecules and elevated CXCR3 expression as infection evolved. Conclusion: Human infection challenge provides a unique opportunity to study the breadth of specificity and dynamics of RSV-specific T-cell responses in the target organ, allowing the precise investigation of TRM recognising novel viral antigens over time. The new tools that we describe enable precise tracking of RSV-specific CD4+ cells, potentially accelerating the development of effective vaccines.
Harlow CF, Meghji J, Martin L, et al., 2020, Rifampicin induced shock during re-exposure for treatment of latent tuberculosis, BMJ CASE REPORTS, Vol: 13
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- Citations: 1
Manalan K, Green N, Arnold A, et al., 2020, A cost comparison of amikacin therapy with bedaquiline, for drug-resistant tuberculosis in the UK, JOURNAL OF INFECTION, Vol: 80, Pages: 38-41, ISSN: 0163-4453
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- Citations: 5
Agrawal R, Agarwal A, Jabs DA, et al., 2019, Standardization of nomenclature for ocular tuberculosis - results of Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) workshop, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, ISSN: 0927-3948
Purpose: To standardize a nomenclature system for defining clinical phenotypes, and outcome measures for reporting clinical and research data in patients with ocular tuberculosis (OTB).Methods: Uveitis experts initially administered and further deliberated the survey in an open meeting to determine and propose the preferred nomenclature for terms related to the OTB, terms describing the clinical phenotypes and treatment and reporting outcomes.Results: The group of experts reached a consensus on terming uveitis attributable to tuberculosis (TB) as tubercular uveitis. The working group introduced a SUN-compatible nomenclature that also defines disease “remission” and “cure”, both of which are relevant for reporting treatment outcomes.Conclusion: A consensus nomenclature system has been adopted by a large group of international uveitis experts for OTB. The working group recommends the use of standardized nomenclature to prevent ambiguity in communication and to achieve the goal of spreading awareness of this blinding uveitis entity.
Park M, Dave D, Russell G, et al., 2019, FDG-PET/CT APPEARANCES IN MDR-TB PATIENTS WITH RESIDUAL CT ABNORMALITIES, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A69-A70, ISSN: 0040-6376
Park M, Satta G, Coleman M, et al., 2019, DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF XPERT ULTRA FOR THE DETECTION OF MTB IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE SAMPLES FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN A TERTIARY TB CENTRE, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A70-A70, ISSN: 0040-6376
Berrocal-Almanza LC, Harris R, Lalor MK, et al., 2019, Effectiveness of pre-entry active tuberculosis and post-entry latent tuberculosis screening in new entrants to the UK: a retrospective, population-based cohort study., Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol: 19, Pages: 1191-1201, ISSN: 1473-3099
BACKGROUND: Evaluating interventions that might lead to a reduction in tuberculosis in high-income countries with a low incidence of the disease is key to accelerate progress towards its elimination. In such countries, migrants are known to contribute a large proportion of tuberculosis cases to the burden. We assessed the effectiveness of screening for active tuberculosis before entry to the UK and for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) post-entry for reduction of tuberculosis in new-entrant migrants to the UK. Additionally, we investigated the effect of access to primary care on tuberculosis incidence in this population. METHODS: We did a retrospective, population-based cohort study of migrants from 66 countries who were negative for active tuberculosis at pre-entry screening between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2014, and eligible for LTBI screening. We used record linkage to track their first contact with primary care, uptake of LTBI screening, and development of active tuberculosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. To assess the effectiveness of the pre-entry screening programme, we identified a control group of migrants who were not screened for active tuberculosis using the specific code for new entrants to the UK registering in primary care within the National Health Service patient registration data system. Our primary outcome was development of active tuberculosis notified to the National Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance System. FINDINGS: Our cohort comprised 224 234 migrants who were screened for active tuberculosis before entry to the UK and a control group of 118 738 migrants who were not. 103 990 (50%) migrants who were screened for active tuberculosis registered in primary care; all individuals in the control group were registered in primary care. 1828 tuberculosis cases were identified during the cohort time, of which 31 were prevalent. There were 26 incident active tuberculosis cases in migrants with no evidence of primary care registration, an
Jha A, Dunning J, Tunstall T, et al., 2019, Patterns of systemic and local inflammation in patients with asthma hospitalised with influenza, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 54, ISSN: 0903-1936
BackgroundPatients with asthma are at risk of hospitalisation with influenza, but the reasons for this predisposition are unknown.Study settingA prospective observational study of adults with PCR-confirmed influenza in 11 UK hospitals, measuring nasal, nasopharyngeal and systemic immune mediators and whole-blood gene expression.ResultsOf 133 admissions, 40 (30%) had previous asthma; these were more often female (70% vs 38.7%, OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 8.18, P = 0.0012), required less mechanical ventilation (15% vs 37.6%, χ2 6.78, P=0.0338) and had shorter hospital stays (mean 8.3 vs 15.3 d, P=0.0333) than those without. In patients without asthma, severe outcomes were more frequent in those given corticosteroids (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.02-6.96, P=0.0466) or presenting >4 days after disease onset (OR 5.49, 95% CI 2.28–14.03, P=0.0002). Influenza vaccination in at-risk groups (including asthma) were lower than intended by national policy and the early use of antiviral medications were less than optimal. Mucosal immune responses were equivalent between groups. Those with asthma had higher serum IFN-α but lower serum TNF, IL-5, IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL9, IL-10, IL-17 and CCL2 levels (all P<0.05); both groups had similar serum IL-13, total IgE, periostin and blood eosinophil gene expression levels. Asthma diagnosis was unrelated to viral load, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-5 or IL-13 levels.ConclusionsAsthma is common in those hospitalised with influenza, but may not represent classical Type 2-driven disease. Those admitted with influenza tend to be female with mild serum inflammatory responses, increased serum IFN-α levels and good clinical outcomes.
Stagg HR, Bothamley GH, Davidson JA, et al., 2019, Fluoroquinolones and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: implications for the 2018 WHO guidance, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 54, ISSN: 0903-1936
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- Citations: 13
Abbara A, Collin SM, Kon OM, et al., 2019, Time to diagnosis of tuberculosis is greater in older patients: a retrospective cohort review, ERJ OPEN RESEARCH, Vol: 5
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- Citations: 26
Owles H, Park M, Whittaker E, et al., 2019, EBUS-TBNA in a paediatric population in London, International Congress of the European-Respiratory-Society (ERS), Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Lange B, Arend SM, Armbruster C, et al., 2019, Posttransplant tuberculosis in Europe - a TBnet study, International Congress of the European-Respiratory-Society (ERS), Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Gunasekeran DV, Agrawal R, Agarwal A, et al., 2019, THE COLLABORATIVE OCULAR TUBERCULOSIS STUDY (COTS)-1 A Multinational Review of 251 Patients With Tubercular Retinal Vasculitis, RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES, Vol: 39, Pages: 1623-1631, ISSN: 0275-004X
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- Citations: 33
Jha A, Thwaites R, Tunstall T, et al., 2019, Enhanced in vivo vivo mucosal interferon and chemokine responses to a single stranded RNA analogue (R848) in participants with asthma, ERJ Open Research, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2312-0541
Background: Viruses play an important role in asthma exacerbations and are detected by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Better characterization of mucosal innate immunity to viral triggers may help understand dysregulated host responses in asthma.Aims & Objectives: A synthetic analogue of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) was administered in vivo to study the effect of allergy and asthma on nasal mucosal innate immune responses.Methods: Nasal spray with saline and R848 was administered to healthy non-allergic (n=12), allergic rhinitis (n=12) and allergic asthma (n=11) participants. Immune mediators from nasal and blood samples, nasal mucosal gene expression and peripheral differential cell counts were measured.Results: R848 was well tolerated with no evidence of systemic immune activation. R848 significantly induced nasal mucosal IFN-a2a, IFN-?, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-2, IL-12p70) and chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL13) compared to saline. Participants with allergic rhinitis and asthma had increased IFN-a2a, CCL3 and CCL13 relative to healthy participants, whilst those with asthma alone had increased gene expression of interferon stimulated genes DDX58, MX1 and IFIT3. Nasal R848 administration was associated with a decrease in blood eosinophils at 4h and decrease in peripheral lymphocytes at 24h, a finding restricted to participants with allergic rhinitis and asthma.Conclusions: These results confirm the suitability of nasal delivery of R848 as a non-invasive tool to assess mucosal innate immunity and highlights a key role for asthma in determining host responses to viral RNA analogues.
Lalvani A, Berrocal Almanza L, 2019, Engaging with civil society to improve access to LTBI screening for new-entrant migrants in England: a qualitative study, The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Vol: 23, Pages: 563-570, ISSN: 1027-3719
Setting The LTBI programme offers testing and treatment to new entrant migrants from high incidence countries in England. However, the rates of LTBI testing, treatment acceptance and completion are suboptimal and appropriate access must be improved. Objective: To gain insights from the community, community-based organisations (CBOs), and public sector stakeholders on interventions that facilitate collaboration to improve health care outreach and delivery. Design Three stakeholder meetings and five focus group discussions were held using thematic analysis to identify themes arising from the participants’ perspectives. Results Four overarching themes emerged from the discussions. These were capacity, collaboration, culture and trust. These highlighted the complementary skills sets different sectors bring to collaboration, as well as the barriers that need surmounting.Stigma could be reduced by making LTBI testing routine, and community members could act as champions for health promotion raising awareness on LTBI testing, and providing a bridge between communities and primary care services. Conclusion Public service providers, community members and CBOs have a willingness to collaborate to support primary care delivery of testing for LTBI and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. Policy and commissioning support are needed to facilitate such workings.
Takwoingi Y, Whitworth H, Rees-Roberts M, et al., 2019, Interferon gamma release assays for diagnostic evaluation of active tuberculosis (IDEA): test accuracy study and economic evaluation, Health Technology Assessment, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1366-5278
BackgroundInterferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests recommended for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection. There is currently uncertainty about the role and clinical utility of IGRAs in the diagnostic workup of suspected active TB in routine NHS clinical practice.ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of T-SPOT.TB® (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK) and QuantiFERON® TB GOLD In-Tube (Cellestis, Carnegie, VIC, Australia) for diagnosis of suspected active TB and to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of second-generation IGRAs.DesignProspective within-patient comparative diagnostic accuracy study.SettingSecondary care.ParticipantsAdults (aged ≥ 16 years) presenting as inpatients or outpatients at 12 NHS hospital trusts in London, Slough, Oxford, Leicester and Birmingham with suspected active TB.InterventionsThe index tests [T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT)] and new enzyme-linked immunospot assays utilising novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (Rv3615c, Rv2654, Rv3879c and Rv3873) were verified against a composite reference standard applied by a panel of clinical experts blinded to IGRA results.Main outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated to determine diagnostic accuracy. A decision tree model was developed to calculate the incremental costs and incremental health utilities [quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)] of changing from current practice to using an IGRA as an initial rule-out test.ResultsA total of 363 patients had active TB (culture-confirmed and highly probable TB cases), 439 had no active TB and 43 had an indeterminate final diagnosis. Comparing T-SPOT.TB and QFT-GIT, the sensitivities [95% confidence interval (CI)] were 82.3% (95% CI 77.7% to 85.9%) and 67.3% (95% CI 62.1% to 72.2%), respectively, whereas specificities were 82.6% (95% CI 78.6% to 86.1%) and 80.4% (95% CI 76.1% to 84.1%), respectively. T-SPOT.TB was mor
Agarwal A, Agrawal R, Gunasekaran DV, et al., 2019, The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 Report 3: polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and management of tubercular uveitis: global trends, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Vol: 27, Pages: 465-473, ISSN: 0927-3948
PURPOSE: To analyze the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ocular fluids in management of tubercular (TB) anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. METHODS: In Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 (25 centers, n = 962), patients with TB-related uveitis were included. 59 patients undergoing PCR of intraocular fluids (18 females; 53 Asian Indians) were included. RESULTS: 59 (6.13%) of COTS-1 underwent PCR analysis. PCR was positive for Mycobacterium TB in 33 patients (23 males; all Asian Indians). 26 patients were PCR negative (18 males). Eight patients with negative PCR had systemic TB. Anti-TB therapy was given in 18 negative and 31 PCR cases. At 1-year follow-up, five patients with positive PCR (15.15%) and three with negative PCR (11.54%) had persistence/worsening of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Data from COTS-1 suggest that PCR is not commonly done for diagnosing intraocular TB and positive/negative results may not influence management or treatment outcomes in the real world scenario.
Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, et al., 2019, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization: Positive or Negative? American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines 2007, 2013, and 2018 Reply, ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 143, Pages: 413-414, ISSN: 0003-9985
Dunning J, Blankley S, Hoang LT, et al., 2019, Author Correction: Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza., Nature Immunology, Vol: 20, Pages: 373-373, ISSN: 1529-2908
In the version of this article initially published, a source of funding was not included in the Acknowledgements section. That section should include the following: P.J.M.O. was supported by EU FP7 PREPARE project 602525. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.
Park M, Satta G, Kon OM, 2019, An update on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Clinical Medicine, Vol: 19, Pages: 135-139, ISSN: 1470-2118
Of the 10 million incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) globally in 2017, around 558,000 cases were rifampicin-resistant of which 82% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. In England, 5,102 cases were recorded of which 55 cases (1.8%) were MDR-TB. MDR-TB cases have worse outcomes and are a serious public health issue.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests allow a faster approach to diagnose TB and predict drug susceptibility. The emerging use of whole genome sequencing may improve the diagnostic workflow compared with standard drug susceptibility testing, with more rapid molecular sensitivity results and more precise contact investigation of linked cases.Treatment of MDR-TB remains a challenge as it relies on prolonged second-line drug treatments that are less effective and more toxic than first-line treatments. Two new drug treatments have been approved; bedaquiline and delamanid. In addition, a shorter treatment regimen of 9–12 months can be considered instead of the conventional 20–24 month regimen.
Whitworth HS, Badhan A, Boakye AA, et al., 2019, Clinical utility of existing and second-generation interferon-γ release assays for diagnostic evaluation of tuberculosis: an observational cohort study, Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol: 19, Pages: 193-202, ISSN: 1473-3099
BACKGROUND: The clinical utility of interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) for diagnosis of active tuberculosis is unclear, although they are commonly used in countries with a low incidence of tuberculosis. We aimed to resolve this clinical uncertainty by determining the accuracy and utility of commercially available and second-generation IGRAs in the diagnostic assessment of suspected tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting. METHODS: We did a prospective cohort study of adults with suspected tuberculosis in routine secondary care in England. Patients were tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection at baseline with commercially available (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube [QFT-GIT]) and second-generation (incorporating novel M tuberculosis antigens) IGRAs and followed up for 6-12 months to establish definitive diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and predictive values of the tests were determined. FINDINGS: Of the 1060 adults enrolled in the study, 845 were eligible and 363 were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB for all tuberculosis diagnosis was 81·4% (95% CI 76·6-85·3), which was higher than QFT-GIT (67·3% [62·0-72·1]). Second-generation IGRAs had a sensitivity of 94·0% (90·0-96·4) for culture-confirmed tuberculosis and 89·2% (85·2-92·2) when including highly probable tuberculosis, giving a negative likelihood ratio for all tuberculosis cases of 0·13 (95% CI 0·10-0·19). Specificity ranged from 86·2% (95% CI 82·3-89·4) for T-SPOT.TB to 80·0% (75·6-83·8) for second-generation IGRAs. INTERPRETATION: Commercially available IGRAs do not have sufficient accuracy for diagnostic evaluation of suspected tuberculosis. Second-generation tests, however, might have sufficiently high sensitivity, low negative likelihood ratio, and correspondingly high negati
Halliday A, Jain P, Hoang L, et al., 2019, Validation of new technologies for the diagnostic evaluation of active tuberculosis (VANTDET), Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, ISSN: 2050-4365
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease for which new diagnostic tests are desperately needed. Objective: To validate promising new technologies (namely whole blood transcriptomics, proteomics, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR) and existing signatures for detection of active TB in samples obtained from individuals suspected of active TB. Design: Four sub-studies, each of which used the samples from biobank collected as part of the IDEA study, which was a prospective cohort of patients recruited with suspected TB. Setting: secondary care Participants: Adults (aged ≥ 16 years old) presenting as inpatients or outpatients at 12 NHS hospital trusts in London, Slough, Oxford, Leicester and Birmingham with suspected active TB. Interventions: New tests using either: genome-wide gene expression microarray (transcriptomics); SELDI TOF/ LC-MS (proteomics), flow cytometry, qRT-PCR. Main outcome measures: Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity, were calculated to determine diagnostic accuracy. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated in some cases. A decision tree model was developed to calculate the incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of changing from current practice to using the novels tests. Results: The project and 4 sub-studies which assessed the previous published signatures measured using each of the new technologies, and a health economic analysis where the best performing tests were evaluated for cost effectiveness. The diagnostic accuracy of the transcriptomic tests ranged from AUC=0.81-0.84 for detecting all TB in our cohort. The performance for detecting culture confirmed TB or pulmonary TB (PTB) was better than for highly probable TB or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) respectively, but not high enough to be clinically useful. None of the previously described serum proteomic signatures for active TB provided good diagnostic accuracy, not did the candidate rule-out tests. Four of six previously described cell
Zhu J, Message SD, Mallia P, et al., 2019, Bronchial mucosal Interferon-α/β and pattern recognition receptor expression in experimental rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol: 143, Pages: 114-125.e4, ISSN: 0091-6749
BACKGROUND: The innate immune system senses viral infection via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leading to type I interferon (IFN) production: their roles in rhinovirus (RV)-induced asthma exacerbations in vivo are uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To compare bronchial mucosal type I IFN and PRR expression at baseline and following RV infection in atopic asthmatic and control subjects. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of IFN-α, IFN-β and the PRRs, toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, melanoma-differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5) and retinoic-acid-inducible protein-I (RIG-I) in bronchial biopsies from 10 atopic asthmatics and 15 non-asthmatic non-atopic controls at baseline and on day four and six weeks following RV infection. RESULTS: We observed IFN-α/β deficiency in bronchial epithelium at three time points in asthma in vivo. Lower epithelial IFN-α/β expression was related to greater virus load, worse airway symptoms, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and reductions in lung function during RV infection. We found lower frequencies of bronchial subepithelial monocytes/macrophages expressing IFN-α/β in asthma during infection. IFN deficiency at baseline was not accompanied by deficient PRR expression in asthma. Both epithelial and subepithelial PRR expression was induced during RV infection. RV infection increased numbers of subepithelial IFN/PRRs-expressing inflammatory cells were related to greater virus load, AHR and reductions in lung function. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial epithelial IFN-α/β expression and numbers of subepithelial IFN-α/β-expressing monocytes/macrophages during infection were both deficient in asthma. Lower epithelial IFN-α/β expression was associated with adverse clinical outcomes following RV infection in vivo. Increases in subepithelial cells expressing IFN/PRRs during infection were also related to greater virus load/illness severity.
Drobniewski FA, jackson C, southern J, et al., 2018, Diabetes mellitus and latent tuberculosis infection: baseline analysis of a large UK cohort, Thorax, Vol: 74, Pages: 91-94, ISSN: 1468-3296
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a UK cohort study which enrolled participants at risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI, defined as a positive result for either of the two interferon gamma release assays). Binomial regression with a log link was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and LTBI. Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index and the presence of other immunocompromising conditions, DM was associated with a 15% higher prevalence of LTBI (adjusted PR=1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30, p=0.025).
Jewell PD, Patel M, Costello P, et al., 2018, BIOLOGIC THERAPY AND LATENT TB SCREENING. WHO SHOULD BE SCREENED?, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A220-A220, ISSN: 0040-6376
Barrett JC, Brown A, Morgan C, et al., 2018, ARE RESPIRATORY SAMPLES USEFUL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN THE ABSENCE OF CHEST X-RAY ABNORMALITIES?, Winter Meeting of the British-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A216-A217, ISSN: 0040-6376
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