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@article{Iwahori:2019:10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1,
author = {Iwahori, T and Miura, K and Ueshima, H and Tanaka-Mizuno, S and Chan, Q and Arima, H and Dyer, AR and Elliott, P and Stamler, J and INTERSALT, Research Group},
doi = {10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1},
journal = {Hypertension Research},
pages = {1590--1598},
title = {Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and intake of sodium and potassium among men and women from multiethnic general populations: the INTERSALT Study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1},
volume = {42},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The Na/K ratio may be more strongly related to blood pressure and cardiovascular disease than sodium or potassium. The casual urine Na/K ratio can provide prompt on-site feedback, and with repeated measurements, may provide useful individual estimates of the 24-h ratio. The World Health Organization has published guidelines for sodium and potassium intake, but no generally accepted guideline prevails for the Na/K ratio. We used standardized data on 24 h and casual urinary electrolyte excretion obtained from the INTERSALT Study for 10,065 individuals aged 20-59 years from 32 countries (52 populations). Associations between the casual urinary Na/K ratio and the 24-h sodium and potassium excretion of individuals were assessed by correlation and stratification analyses. The mean 24-h sodium and potassium excretions were 156.0 mmol/24 h and 55.2 mmol/24 h, respectively; the mean 24-h urinary Na/K molar ratio was 3.24. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) for the casual urinary Na/K ratio with 24-h sodium and potassium excretions were 0.42 and -0.34, respectively, and these were 0.57 and -0.48 for the 24-h ratio. The urinary Na/K ratio predicted a 24-h urine Na excretion of <85 mmol/day (the WHO recommended guidelines) with a sensitivity of 99.7% and 94.0%, specificity of 39.5% and 48.0%, and positive predictive value of 96.3% and 61.1% at the cutoff point of 1 in 24 h and casual urine Na/K ratios, respectively. A urinary Na/K molar ratio <1 may be a useful indicator for adherence to the WHO recommended levels of sodium and, to a lesser extent, the potassium intake across different populations; however, cutoff points for Na/K ratio may be tuned for localization.
AU  - Iwahori,T
AU  - Miura,K
AU  - Ueshima,H
AU  - Tanaka-Mizuno,S
AU  - Chan,Q
AU  - Arima,H
AU  - Dyer,AR
AU  - Elliott,P
AU  - Stamler,J
AU  - INTERSALT,Research Group
DO  - 10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1
EP  - 1598
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 0916-9636
SP  - 1590
TI  - Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and intake of sodium and potassium among men and women from multiethnic general populations: the INTERSALT Study
T2  - Hypertension Research
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0263-1
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30996260
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/69727
VL  - 42
ER  -

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