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@article{Iwahori:2016:ije/dyw287,
author = {Iwahori, T and Miura, K and Ueshima, H and Chan, Q and Dyer, AR and Elliott, P and Stamler, J},
doi = {ije/dyw287},
journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology},
pages = {1564--1572},
title = {Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio from casual (“spot”) urinary sodium/potassium ratio: The INTERSALT Study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw287},
volume = {46},
year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Association between casual and 24-h urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is well recognized, although it has not been validated in diverse demographic groups. Our aim was to assess utility across and within populations of casual urine to estimate 24-h urinary Na/K ratio using data from the INTERSALT Study.Methods: The INTERSALT Study collected cross-sectional standardized data on casual urinary sodium and potassium and also on timed 24-h urinary sodium and potassium for 10 065 individuals from 52 population samples in 32 countries (1985–87). Pearson correlation coefficients and agreement were computed for Na/K ratio of casual urine against 24-h urinary Na/K ratio both at population and individual levels.Results: Pearson correlation coefficients relating means of 24-h urine and casual urine Na/K ratio were r = 0.96 and r = 0.69 in analyses across populations and individuals, respectively. Correlations of casual urine Na/creatinine and K/creatinine ratios with 24-h urinary Na and K excretion, respectively, were lower than correlation of casual and 24-h urinary Na/K ratio in analyses across populations and individuals. The bias estimate with the Bland–Altman method, defined as the difference between Na/K ratio of 24-h urine and casual urine, was approximately 0.4 across both populations and individuals. Spread around, the mean bias was higher for individuals than populations.Conclusion: With appropriate bias correction, casual urine Na/K ratio may be a useful, low-burden alternative method to 24-h urine for estimation of population urinary Na/K ratio. It may also be applicable for assessment of the urinary Na/K ratio of individuals, with use of repeated measurements to reduce measurement error and increase precision.
AU  - Iwahori,T
AU  - Miura,K
AU  - Ueshima,H
AU  - Chan,Q
AU  - Dyer,AR
AU  - Elliott,P
AU  - Stamler,J
DO  - ije/dyw287
EP  - 1572
PY  - 2016///
SN  - 1464-3685
SP  - 1564
TI  - Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio from casual (“spot”) urinary sodium/potassium ratio: The INTERSALT Study
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw287
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44001
VL  - 46
ER  -

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