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@article{Fehringer:2017:10.1002/ijc.30618,
author = {Fehringer, G and Brenner, DR and Zhang, ZF and Lee, YA and Matsuo, K and Ito, H and Lan, Q and Vineis, P and Johansson, M and Overvad, K and Riboli, E and Trichopoulou, A and Sacerdote, C and Stucker, I and Boffetta, P and Brennan, P and Christiani, DC and Hong, YC and Landi, MT and Morgenstern, H and Schwartz, AG and Wenzlaff, AS and Rennert, G and McLaughlin, JR and Harris, CC and Olivo-Marston, S and Orlow, I and Park, BJ and Zauderer, M and Barros, Dios JM and Ruano, Raviña A and Siemiatycki, J and Koushik, A and Lazarus, P and Fernández-Somoano, A and Tardon, A and Le, Marchand L and Brenner, H and Saum, KU and Duell, EJ and Andrew, AS and Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N and Lissowska, J and Zaridze, D and Rudnai, P and Fabianova, E and Mates, D and Foretova, L and Janout, V and Bencko, V and Holcatova, I and Pesatori, AC and Consonni, D and Olsson, A and Straif, K and Hung, RJ},
doi = {10.1002/ijc.30618},
journal = {International Journal of Cancer},
pages = {1976--1984},
title = {Alcohol and lung cancer risk among never smokers: A pooled analysis from the international lung cancer consortium and the SYNERGY study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30618},
volume = {140},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - It is not clear whether alcohol consumption is associated with lung cancer risk. The relationship is likely confounded by smoking, complicating the interpretation of previous studies. We examined the association of alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in a large pooled international sample, minimizing potential confounding of tobacco consumption by restricting analyses to never smokers. Our study included 22 case-control and cohort studies with a total of 2548 never-smoking lung cancer patients and 9362 never-smoking controls from North America, Europe and Asia within the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) and SYNERGY Consortium. Alcohol consumption was categorized into amounts consumed (grams per day) and also modelled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines for potential non-linearity. Analyses by histologic sub-type were included. Associations by type of alcohol consumed (wine, beer and liquor) were also investigated. Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk with evidence most strongly supporting lower risk for light and moderate drinkers relative to non-drinkers (>0-4.9 g per day: OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70-0.90; 5-9.9 g per day: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.99; 10-19.9 g per day: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96). Inverse associations were found for consumption of wine and liquor, but not beer. The results indicate that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly among subjects with low to moderate consumption levels, and among wine and liquor drinkers, but not beer drinkers. Although our results should have no relevant bias from the confounding effect of smoking we cannot preclude that confounding by other factors contributed to the observed associations. Confounding in relation to the non-drinker reference category may be of particular importance.
AU  - Fehringer,G
AU  - Brenner,DR
AU  - Zhang,ZF
AU  - Lee,YA
AU  - Matsuo,K
AU  - Ito,H
AU  - Lan,Q
AU  - Vineis,P
AU  - Johansson,M
AU  - Overvad,K
AU  - Riboli,E
AU  - Trichopoulou,A
AU  - Sacerdote,C
AU  - Stucker,I
AU  - Boffetta,P
AU  - Brennan,P
AU  - Christiani,DC
AU  - Hong,YC
AU  - Landi,MT
AU  - Morgenstern,H
AU  - Schwartz,AG
AU  - Wenzlaff,AS
AU  - Rennert,G
AU  - McLaughlin,JR
AU  - Harris,CC
AU  - Olivo-Marston,S
AU  - Orlow,I
AU  - Park,BJ
AU  - Zauderer,M
AU  - Barros,Dios JM
AU  - Ruano,Raviña A
AU  - Siemiatycki,J
AU  - Koushik,A
AU  - Lazarus,P
AU  - Fernández-Somoano,A
AU  - Tardon,A
AU  - Le,Marchand L
AU  - Brenner,H
AU  - Saum,KU
AU  - Duell,EJ
AU  - Andrew,AS
AU  - Szeszenia-Dabrowska,N
AU  - Lissowska,J
AU  - Zaridze,D
AU  - Rudnai,P
AU  - Fabianova,E
AU  - Mates,D
AU  - Foretova,L
AU  - Janout,V
AU  - Bencko,V
AU  - Holcatova,I
AU  - Pesatori,AC
AU  - Consonni,D
AU  - Olsson,A
AU  - Straif,K
AU  - Hung,RJ
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.30618
EP  - 1984
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 1097-0215
SP  - 1976
TI  - Alcohol and lung cancer risk among never smokers: A pooled analysis from the international lung cancer consortium and the SYNERGY study
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30618
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28120396
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43277
VL  - 140
ER  -

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