Publications
303 results found
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2014, Empathy, POSITIVE COMPUTING: TECHNOLOGY FOR WELLBEING AND HUMAN POTENTIAL, Publisher: MIT PRESS, Pages: 203-227
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2014, Wellbeing in Technology Research, POSITIVE COMPUTING: TECHNOLOGY FOR WELLBEING AND HUMAN POTENTIAL, Publisher: MIT PRESS, Pages: 63-79
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2014, Self-Awareness and Self-Compassion, POSITIVE COMPUTING: TECHNOLOGY FOR WELLBEING AND HUMAN POTENTIAL, Publisher: MIT PRESS, Pages: 155-177
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 1
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2014, Positive Emotions, POSITIVE COMPUTING: TECHNOLOGY FOR WELLBEING AND HUMAN POTENTIAL, Publisher: MIT PRESS, Pages: 109-130
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2014, Positive Computing: Technology for Wellbeing and Human Potential, Publisher: MIT PRESS
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 240
Thilakanathan D, Calvo RA, Chen S, et al., 2014, Secure Multiparty Data Sharing in the Cloud using Hardware-based TPM Devices, 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 224-231, ISSN: 2159-6182
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 12
Hulovatyy Y, Dmello S, Calvo RA, et al., 2013, Network analysis improves interpretation of affective physiological data, Pages: 470-477
Understanding how human physiological responses to a stimulus vary across individuals is critical for the fields of Affective Psychophysiology and Affective Computing. We approach this problem via network analysis. By analyzing individuals' galvanic skin responses (GSRs) to a set of emotionally charged images, we model each image as a network, in which nodes are individuals and two individuals are linked if their GSRs to the given image are similar. In this context, we evaluate several network inference strategies. Then, we group (or cluster) images with similar network topologies, while evaluating a number of clustering choices. We compare the resulting network-based partitions against the known arousal/valence-based "ground truth" partition of the image set (which is likely noisy). While our network-based image partitions are statistically significantly similar to the "ground truth" partition (meaning that network analysis correctly captures the underlying signal in the data), the network-based partitions outperform the "ground truth" partition with respect to latent semantic analysis (meaning that our partitions are more semantically meaningful than the "ground truth" partition). Thus, network analysis of affective physiological data appears to improve interpretation of the data. © 2013 IEEE.
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2013, Promoting Psychological Wellbeing: Loftier Goals for New Technologies, IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE, Vol: 32, Pages: 19-21, ISSN: 0278-0097
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 24
Calvo RA, Mac Kim S, 2013, EMOTIONS IN TEXT: DIMENSIONAL AND CATEGORICAL MODELS, Publisher: WILEY, Pages: 527-543, ISSN: 0824-7935
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 93
D’Mello S, Calvo RA, 2013, Beyond the Basic Emotions: What Should Affective Computing Compute?, Pages: 2287-2294
One of the primary goals of Affective Computing (AC) is to develop computer interfaces that automatically detect and respond to users’ emotions. Despite significant progress, “basic emotions” (e.g., anger, disgust, sadness) have been emphasized in AC at the expense of other non-basic emotions. The present paper questions this emphasis by analyzing data from five studies that systematically tracked both basic and non-basic emotions. The results indicate that engagement, boredom, confusion, and frustration (all non-basic emotions) occurred at five times the rate of basic emotions after generalizing across tasks, interfaces, and methodologies. Implications of these findings for AC are discussed.
Southavilay V, Yacef K, Reimann P, et al., 2013, Analysis of collaborative writing processes using revision maps and probabilistic topic models, Pages: 38-47
The use of cloud computing writing tools, such as Google Docs, by students to write collaboratively provides unprecedented data about the progress of writing. This data can be exploited to gain insights on how learners' collaborative activities, ideas and concepts are developed during the process of writing. Ultimately, it can also be used to provide support to improve the quality of the written documents and the writing skills of learners involved. In this paper, we propose three visualisation approaches and their underlying techniques for analysing writing processes used in a document written by a group of authors: (1) the revision map, which summarises the text edits made at the paragraph level, over the time of writing. (2) the topic evolution chart, which uses probabilistic topic models, especially Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and its extension, DiffLDA, to extract topics and follow their evolution during the writing process. (3) the topic-based collaboration network, which allows a deeper analysis of topics in relation to author contribution and collaboration, using our novel algorithm DiffATM in conjunction with a DiffLDA-related technique. These models are evaluated to examine whether these automatically discovered topics accurately describe the evolution of writing processes. We illustrate how these visualisations are used with real documents written by groups of graduate students. © 2013 ACM.
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2013, The irony and re-interpretation of our quantified self, Pages: 367-370
The new possibilities afforded by cloud computing infrastructure, with respect to the large amounts of data that can now be collected and processed unobtrusively, have triggered a growing interest in systems that record personal life events. We go on the notion that this information can be used as a kind of extended memory to support insights into our past and our present lives. However, as we argue in this paper, the psychological processes and consequences underlying the interpretation of this data can be significantly more complex and less predictable than has generally been acknowledged. Specifically we look at two phenomena: first, that of reinterpretation (that events are reinterpreted every time we recall them) and second, that humans participate in ironic processes such that even self-control goals can become obstacles to behavior change. In this paper we put forward that as we design life-logging systems, personal informatics or quantified-self technologies in future, will need to better find ways to take into account this psychological complexity in order to be effective and avoid inadvertent harm. We also briefly review theoretical frameworks and psychological evidence that may inform the way we design such systems going forward.
AlZoubi O, Fossati D, D'Mello S, 2013, Affect Detection and Classification from the Non-Stationary Physiological Data, 12th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 240-245
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 4
Liu M, Calvo RA, Pardo A, 2013, Tracer: A tool to measure and visualize student engagment in writing activities, 13th IEEE Annual International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 421-425, ISSN: 2161-3761
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 6
Thilakanathan D, Calvo R, Chen S, et al., 2013, Secure and Controlled Sharing of Data in Distributed Computing, IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 825-832, ISSN: 1949-0828
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 14
Villalon J, Calvo RA, 2013, A Decoupled Architecture for Scalability in Text Mining Applications, JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 406-427, ISSN: 0948-695X
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 3
Howard SK, Calvo RA, Hussain MS, 2013, Driving curriculum and technological change to support writing in the engineering disciplines, IEEE 5th International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED) - Aligning Engineering Education with Industrial Needs for Nation Development, Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 103-+
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 2
Egwutuoha IP, Chen S, Levy D, et al., 2013, Energy Efficient Fault Tolerance for High Performance Computing (HPC) in the Cloud, IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 762-769, ISSN: 2159-6182
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 12
Monkaresi H, Hussain MS, Calvo RA, 2012, A dynamic approach for detecting naturalistic affective states from facial videos during HCI, Pages: 170-181, ISSN: 0302-9743
Significant progress has been made in automatic facial expression analysis using facial images and videos. The recognition reliability of most current approaches is still poor in naturalistic expressions compared to acted ones. Most of these methods use a static image of each expression that captures the characteristic image at the apex. However, according to psychologists, analyzing a sequence of images in a dynamic manner produces more accurate and robust recognition of facial affect expressions. In this paper, a new dynamic model is proposed for detecting naturalistic affect expressions. The Local Binary Pattern in Three Orthogonal Planes (LBP-TOP) is considered for modeling appearance and motion of facial features. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) collection was used as stimulus for triggering naturalistic affective states. The dynamic approach produced an improvement of 16% for valence classification and 22% for arousal classification over previous studies. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Calvo RA, D'Mello S, 2012, Frontiers of Affect-Aware Learning Technologies, IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Vol: 27, Pages: 86-89, ISSN: 1541-1672
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 27
Calvo RA, Aditomo A, Southavilay V, et al., 2012, The use of text and process mining techniques to study the impact of feedback on students' writing processes, Pages: 416-420
Understanding the impact of feedback in complex learning activities, such as writing, is challenging. We contribute a combination of writing environments and data and process mining tools that can provide new ways of measuring this impact. We use the tools in a field experiment in an engineering course (N=45). Responses (timing, amount and types of text changes) were examined using log data and process mining techniques. Two experimental conditions were used: reflective followed by directive feedback (A) and vice-versa (B). We found that both forms of feedback were read multiple times. Students required longer times to respond to reflective, compared to directive, feedback. The type of feedback, however, made little difference to the types of revisions that students performed. Overall, our findings point to the difficulty of encouraging students to reconsider and revise what they have already written. © ISLS.
Nourbakhsh N, Wang Y, Chen F, et al., 2012, Using galvanic skin response for cognitive load measurement in arithmetic and reading tasks, Pages: 420-423
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) has recently attracted researchers' attention as a prospective physiological indicator of cognitive load and emotions. However, it has commonly been investigated through single or few measures and in one experimental scenario. In this research, aiming to perform a comprehensive study, we have assessed GSR data captured from two different experiments, one including text reading tasks and the other using arithmetic tasks, each imposing multiple cognitive load levels. We have examined temporal and spectral features of GSR against different task difficulty levels. ANOVA test was applied for the statistical evaluation. Obtained results show the strong significance of the explored features, especially the spectral ones, in cognitive workload measurement in the two studied experiments. © 2012 ACM.
AlZoubi O, D'Mello SK, Calvo RA, 2012, Detecting Naturalistic Expressions of Nonbasic Affect Using Physiological Signals, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING, Vol: 3, Pages: 298-310, ISSN: 1949-3045
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 77
Yang Z, Yao J, Chen S, et al., 2012, A financial compensation based transaction management model for service-oriented business collaborations, Pages: 423-430
The Internet has been encouraging and enabling business collaborations via online transactions over the Web. However, managing transactions in a long-running business process across domains still remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel financial-compensation-based transaction management model, fcBTxM, to address this challenge. Unlike classical transaction management, fcBTxM does not attempt to recover data consistency via rollback when a failure occurs. Instead, our model always tries to forward-roll a business process via financial compensation. We use a state machine to capture and describe the states of our transaction model and their relationships. We also develop a set of technologies and protocols for enabling the new transaction management. A real business collaboration example is used to demonstrate the concept, and preliminary testing results are provided to evaluate our technologies. © 2012 IEEE.
Liu M, Calvo RA, Aditomo A, et al., 2012, Using Wikipedia and Conceptual Graph Structures to Generate Questions for Academic Writing Support, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, Vol: 5, Pages: 251-263, ISSN: 1939-1382
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 20
Calvo RA, Peters D, 2012, Positive computing: Technology for a wiser world, Interactions, Vol: 19, Pages: 28-31, ISSN: 1072-5520
Positive computing could benefit HCI (human-computer interaction) research by bringing together a number of related emerging fields of study. It could be described as the study and development of technologies designed to support well-being, wisdom, and human potential. Positive computing could provide a domain for research into areas such as values-sensitive computing, digital therapies and behavioral interventions, as well as, more generally, the inclusion of well-being and wisdom into the experience design of all technologies. A future technology that included wisdom into the design of the user experience might support reflection, provide multiple perspectives, reserve distraction to allow for sustained attention, or provide visualizations of systems, changes, or patterns over time. It seems logical to promote our ambitions to the next level and design experiences that remove barriers to well-being and support the advancement of wisdom in humans and society.
Liu M, Calvo RA, 2012, Using information extraction to generate trigger questions for academic writing support, Pages: 358-367, ISSN: 0302-9743
Automated question generation approaches have been proposed to support reading comprehension. However, these approaches are not suitable for supporting writing activities. We present a novel approach to generate different forms of trigger questions (directive and facilitative) aimed at supporting deep learning. Useful semantic information from Wikipedia articles is extracted and linked to the key phrases in a students' literature review, particularly focusing on extracting information containing 3 types of relations (Kind of, Similar-to and Different-to) by using syntactic pattern matching rules. We collected literature reviews from 23 Engineering research students, and evaluated the quality of 306 computer generated questions and 115 generic questions. Facilitative questions are more useful when it comes to deep learning about the topic, while directive questions are clearer and useful for improving the composition. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Hussain MS, Monkaresi H, Calvo RA, 2012, Categorical vs. dimensional representations in multimodal affect detection during learning, Pages: 78-83, ISSN: 0302-9743
Learners experience a variety of emotions during learning sessions with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). The research community is building systems that are aware of these experiences, generally represented as a category or as a point in a low-dimensional space. State-of-the-art systems detect these affective states from multimodal data, in naturalistic scenarios. This paper provides evidence of how the choice of representation affects the quality of the detection system. We present a user-independent model for detecting learners' affective states from video and physiological signals using both the categorical and dimensional representations. Machine learning techniques are used for selecting the best subset of features and classifying the various degrees of emotions for both representations. We provide evidence that dimensional representation, particularly using valence, produces higher accuracy. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Liu M, Calvo RA, Rus V, 2012, Hybrid question generation approach for critical review writing support, Pages: 109-111
Research towards automated feedback can build on the work in other areas. In this paper we explore question generation techniques. Most research in question generation has focused on generating content specific questions that help students comprehend a set of documents that they must read. However, this approach is not so useful in writing activities, as students would generally understand the document that they themselves wrote. The aim of our project is to build a system which automatically generates feedback questions for academic writing support, particularly for critical review support. This paper presents our question generation system which relies on both syntax-based and template-based approaches, and uses Wikipedia as background knowledge.
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.