Publications
396 results found
Yang ZX, Guo WB, Zha FS, et al., 2015, Field Behavior of Driven Prestressed High-Strength Concrete Piles in Sandy Soils, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol: 141, ISSN: 1943-5606
Driven piles are used widely both offshore and onshore. However, accurate axial capacity and load-displacement prediction is difficult at sand-dominated sites, and offshore practice is moving towards cone penetration test (CPT) based design methods developed from instrumented pile research and database studies. However, onshore use of these methods remains limited; there is a paucity of high quality case histories to assess their potential benefits clearly, and application in layered profiles may be uncertain. This paper presents new tests on prestressed concrete (PHC) pipe piles driven in sands for a major new Yangtze River bridge project in China, assessing the performance of the ‘new CPT’ and conventional capacity approaches, considering the influence of weak sublayers on base resistance and noting the marked changes in shaft capacity that apply over time.
Doherty P, Igoe D, Murphy G, et al., 2015, Field validation of fibre Bragg grating sensors for measuring strain on driven steel piles, GEOTECHNIQUE LETTERS, Vol: 5, Pages: 74-79, ISSN: 2049-825X
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- Citations: 35
Yang ZX, Jardine RJ, Guo WB, et al., 2015, A new and openly accessible database of tests on piles driven in sands, Géotechnique Letters, Vol: 5, Pages: 12-20, ISSN: 2045-2543
Yang Z, Jardine R, Guo W, et al., 2015, A Comprehensive Database of Tests on Axially Loaded Piles Driven in Sand, ISBN: 9780128046555
A Comprehensive Database of Tests on Axially Loaded Driven Piles in Sands reviews the critical need to develop better load-test databases for piles driven in sands. The key quality parameters, population of current entries and reporting formats are described before offering preliminary results obtained from comparisons between axial capacities calculated by various predictive approaches and site measurements. This book also shows that the "simplified" and "offshore" ICP and UWA variants proposed by some practitioners are over-conservative and that their use could be discontinued. The new pile capacity and stiffness database offers a broad scope for evaluating potential prediction biases relating to a wide range of soil and pile parameters. Submission of further high quality tests for inclusion in regularly updated versions is encouraged. Presents a comprehensive and updated database for piles driven in predominantly silica sands. Features reviews of the design procedures for driven piles in sand. Assesses the performance of various mainstreams design procedures applied for piles driven in sand. Provides comprehensive information of case histories of pile load tests.
Barbosa P, Geduhn M, Jardine R, et al., 2015, Full scale offshore verification of axial pile design in chalk, Pages: 515-520
Iberdrola is developing the Wikinger offshore windfarm in the German Baltic Sea. The wind turbines will be supported by four legged jackets founded on driven open ended steel piles. Loading will be predominantly axial with shaft resistance governing design. Ground conditions over much of the project area comprise of thick Chalk layers. A review of current pile design methods for Chalk and related onshore pile test campaigns highlighted significant design uncertainties and led to a decision to conduct dynamic and static offshore pile tests at the site. This paper summarizes the aims and rationale of the tests carried out in late 2014, describes the design of the remotely operated testing arrangements and reports on an associated research project that is advancing in conjunction with Imperial College London and Geotechnical Consulting Group.
Barbosa P, Geduhn M, Jardine R, et al., 2015, Offshore pile load tests in Chalk, Pages: 2885-2890
Iberdrola is developing the Wikinger offshore windfarm in the German Baltic Sea. Wind turbines are supported by four legged jackets founded on driven open ended steel piles. Loading will be predominantly axial with shaft resistance governing design. Ground conditions over much of the project area comprise of thick Chalk layers. A review of current pile design methods and related onshore pile test campaigns highlighted significant design uncertainties and led to a decision to conduct dynamic and static offshore pile tests. This paper summarizés the aims and rationale of the tests carried out in late 2014, describes the design of the remotely operated testing arrangements and reports on an associated research project that is advancing with Imperial College London and Geotechnical Consulting Group.
Rimoy SP, Jardine RJ, 2015, Analysis of an extended field test database regarding driven pile ageing in sands, Pages: 1157-1162
Field testing has revealed that the axial capacities of piles driven in sand can increase dramatically with age after driving. Jardine et al (2006) showed from experiments conducted in Dunkirk that the processes are affected by the history of prior loading and assembled a modest database of field cases to support the evidence from their single test site. This paper reports an extended database that is used to assess: The distinct contributions of base and shaft loads; the potential influence of loading sign (compression or tension); the effects of any prior failures; the influence of groundwater type as well as the effects of pile diameter and material. The analysis presented is informed by parallel highly instrumented model tests that were designed to explore the fundamental driving mechanisms. The findings have important implications for the re-assessment and re-use of foundations in a wide range of onshore and offshore project settings.
Zwanenburg C, Jardine RJ, 2015, The characterisation of operational shear strength for peats through full scale trials combined with laboratory and field testing, Pages: 2455-2460
Full scale, heavily-instrumented, field tests were conducted on peat to find operational foundation shear strength parameters for flood protection dikes that run through an area of outstanding beauty. The low submerged unit weights of peats usually lead to very low effective stresses, stiffness and uncertain undrained shear strengths. The loading tests, which were conducted both with and without preloading, provided guidance on these key questions. Shear failures were induced and even modest pre-loading was shown to generate both large vertical strains and significant bearing capacity improvements. The research also provided an opportunity to check and calibrate a range of laboratory and field characterisation techniques, leading to the broad set of conclusions summarised in the paper.
Byrne BW, McAdam R, Burd HJ, et al., 2015, New design methods for large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications, Pages: 705-710
Offshore wind turbines are typically founded on single large diameter piles, termed monopiles. Pile diameters of between 5mand 6mare routinely used, with diameters of up to 10 m, or more, being considered for future designs. There are concerns that current design approaches, such as the p − y method, which were developed for piles with a relatively large length to diameter ratio, may not be appropriate for large diameter monopiles. A joint industry project, PISA (PIle Soil Analysis), has been established to develop new design methods for large diameter monopiles under lateral loading. The project involves three strands of work; (i) numerical modelling; (ii) development of a new design method; (iii) field testing. This paper describes the framework on which the new design method is based. Analyses conducted using the new design method are compared with methods used in current practice.
Jardine RJ, Thomsen NV, Mygind M, et al., 2015, Axial capacity design practice for North European wind-turbine projects, Pages: 581-586
Improving foundation design is central to the offshore wind industry developing deeper water sites. This paper reviews the technical and regulatory difficulties for design of axially loaded piles to German offshore windfarm projects. It is argued that moving towards reliable forward predictive pile design methods and away from ‘dynamic proving tests’ will be vital to reducing unnecessarily high material and installation costs, installation risks and disturbance to marine mammals. Steps are outlined to implement such a change either in combination with regional or international load and resistance factors.
Zdravković L, Taborda DMG, Potts DM, et al., 2015, Numerical modelling of large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications, Pages: 759-764
There is currently a significant focus on developing offshore wind power in the UK and Europe. The most common foundation type for wind turbines is a single large diameter pile, termed a monopile, on which the turbine is located. As the diameter of such piles is envisaged to increase in future installations, there are concerns that current design methods are not applicable. To explore this problem, the joint industry project PISA has been established, with the aim to develop a new design framework for laterally loaded piles utilised in the offshore wind industry, based on new theoretical developments, numerical modelling and large scale field pile testing. This paper presents an overview of numerical modelling undertaken as part of the project.
Rimoy SP, Jardine RJ, 2015, Axial capacity ageing trends of piles driven in silica sands, Pages: 637-642
Field studies of piles driven in silica sands have shown axial capacity increases (set-up) over the days to months that follow driving, long after installation induced pore pressures have dissipated. Three main hypotheses have been proposed regarding the governing mechanisms and tested to a limited extent through relatively modest databases of pile load tests. However, a secure understanding of the governing mechanisms is required before projecting ageing predictions for other cases and considering how ageing trends might be affected by, for example, scale, pile type, groundwater regime or submerged offshore conditions. This paper reports an extended database study aimed at assessing the distinct ageing contributions of base and shaft loads, the potential influence of compression or tension axial loading directions, the effects of prior loading history, the influence of groundwater type as well as the effects of pile diameter and material. The analysis is informed by parallel highly instrumented model tests that were designed to investigate and identify the fundamental ageing mechanisms. The findings have important implications for pile design and re-assessment.
Gavin K, Jardine R, Karlsrud K, et al., 2015, The effects of pile ageing on the shaft capacity of offshore piles in sand, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 129-151, ISBN: 9781138028487
A number of field studies suggest that the axial capacity of driven piles in sand increases with time. Field test programmes were performed by a number of research groups to examine this aspect of pile behaviour. The paper presents a summary of the findings from these experiments. It also reviews laboratory pile and element testing performed to provide further insights into the mechanisms controlling pile ageing.
Jardine RJ, Merritt AS, Schroeder FC, 2015, The ICP design method and application to a North Sea offshore wind farm, Pages: 247-256, ISSN: 0895-0563
This paper outlines the Imperial College Pile (ICP) approach for developing reliable predictions for the axial capacity of driven piles. The ICP's advantages over traditional design methods have led to widespread use in offshore oil and gas developments. The methods are now playing a critical role in major Northern European offshore wind projects. Hundreds of large steel tubular piles are being driven in the North and Baltic seas and improving design efficiency is crucial to the industry's economic success. This paper provides an overview of the development of the ICP design methods and summarizes their key features, together with experience-based guidance on their application. Their application is illustrated by reference to the North Sea Borkum West II wind farm, where 40 turbines have been installed on steel tripods founded on large diameter steel piles driven in very dense sands. The paper reports how the significant effects of axial and lateral cyclic loading were addressed for Borkum West II through the ICP design methodology.
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- Citations: 3
Zdravković L, Taborda DMG, Potts DM, et al., 2015, Numerical modelling of large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 759-764, ISBN: 9781138028487
There is currently a significant focus on developing offshore wind power in the UK and Europe. The most common foundation type for wind turbines is a single large diameter pile, termed a monopile, on which the turbine is located. As the diameter of such piles is envisaged to increase in future installations, there are concerns that current design methods are not applicable. To explore this problem, the joint industry project PISA has been established, with the aim to develop a new design framework for laterally loaded piles utilised in the offshore wind industry, based on new theoretical developments, numerical modelling and large scale field pile testing. This paper presents an overview of numerical modelling undertaken as part of the project.
Rimoy SP, Jardine RJ, 2015, Axial capacity ageing trends of piles driven in silica sands, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 637-642, ISBN: 9781138028487
Field studies of piles driven in silica sands have shown axial capacity increases (set-up) over the days to months that follow driving, long after installation induced pore pressures have dissipated. Three main hypotheses have been proposed regarding the governing mechanisms and tested to a limited extent through relatively modest databases of pile load tests. However, a secure understanding of the governing mechanisms is required before projecting ageing predictions for other cases and considering how ageing trends might be affected by, for example, scale, pile type, groundwater regime or submerged offshore conditions. This paper reports an extended database study aimed at assessing the distinct ageing contributions of base and shaft loads, the potential influence of compression or tension axial loading directions, the effects of prior loading history, the influence of groundwater type as well as the effects of pile diameter and material. The analysis is informed by parallel highly instrumented model tests that were designed to investigate and identify the fundamental ageing mechanisms. The findings have important implications for pile design and re-assessment.
Jardine RJ, Thomsen NV, Mygind M, et al., 2015, Axial capacity design practice for North European wind-turbine projects, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 581-586, ISBN: 9781138028487
Improving foundation design is central to the offshore wind industry developing deeper water sites. This paper reviews the technical and regulatory difficulties for design of axially loaded piles to German offshore windfarm projects. It is argued that moving towards reliable forward predictive pile design methods and away from ‘dynamic proving tests’ will be vital to reducing unnecessarily high material and installation costs, installation risks and disturbance to marine mammals. Steps are outlined to implement such a change either in combination with regional or international load and resistance factors.
Barbosa P, Geduhn M, Jardine R, et al., 2015, Full scale offshore verification of axial pile design in chalk, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 515-520, ISBN: 9781138028487
Iberdrola is developing the Wikinger offshore windfarm in the German Baltic Sea. The wind turbines will be supported by four legged jackets founded on driven open ended steel piles. Loading will be predominantly axial with shaft resistance governing design. Ground conditions over much of the project area comprise of thick Chalk layers. A review of current pile design methods for Chalk and related onshore pile test campaigns highlighted significant design uncertainties and led to a decision to conduct dynamic and static offshore pile tests at the site. This paper summarizes the aims and rationale of the tests carried out in late 2014, describes the design of the remotely operated testing arrangements and reports on an associated research project that is advancing in conjunction with Imperial College London and Geotechnical Consulting Group.
Byrne BW, McAdam R, Burd HJ, et al., 2015, New design methods for large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications, Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Pages: 705-710, ISBN: 9781138028487
Offshore wind turbines are typically founded on single large diameter piles, termed monopiles. Pile diameters of between 5mand 6mare routinely used, with diameters of up to 10 m, or more, being considered for future designs. There are concerns that current design approaches, such as the p - y method, which were developed for piles with a relatively large length to diameter ratio, may not be appropriate for large diameter monopiles. A joint industry project, PISA (PIle Soil Analysis), has been established to develop new design methods for large diameter monopiles under lateral loading. The project involves three strands of work; (i) numerical modelling; (ii) development of a new design method; (iii) field testing. This paper describes the framework on which the new design method is based. Analyses conducted using the new design method are compared with methods used in current practice.
Tsuha CDHC, Jardine RJ, Yang Z, et al., 2015, Advanced laboratory investigation of axial cyclic loading in silica sands, 6th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Publisher: IOS PRESS, Pages: 866-873
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- Citations: 2
Yang ZX, Jardine RJ, Zhu BT, et al., 2014, Stresses Developed around Displacement Piles Penetration in Sand, JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 140, ISSN: 1090-0241
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- Citations: 38
Jardine RJ, 2014, Advanced laboratory testing in research and practice: The 2nd Bishop Lecture, Geotechnical Research, Vol: 1, Pages: 2-31
This paper demonstrates the special capabilities and practical value of advanced laboratory testing, focusing on its application in advancing the understanding and prediction of how driven piles function and perform in sand. Emphasis is placed on integrating laboratory research with analysis and field observations, drawing principally on work by the author, his colleagues and research group. The laboratory studies include highly instrumented static and cyclic stress-path triaxial experiments, hollow cylinder and ring-shear interface tests and micro-mechanical research. Soil element testing is combined with model studies in large laboratory calibration chambers, full-scale field investigations and numerical simulations to help advance fundamental methods for predicting pile behaviour that have important implications and applications, particularly in offshore engineering.
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- Citations: 13
Zhang C, Yang ZX, Nguyen GD, et al., 2014, Theoretical breakage mechanics and experimental assessment of stresses surrounding piles penetrating into dense silica sand, GEOTECHNIQUE LETTERS, Vol: 4, Pages: 11-16, ISSN: 2049-825X
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- Citations: 41
Gasparre A, Hight DW, Coop MR, et al., 2014, The laboratory measurement and interpretation of the small strain stiffness of stiff clays, Geotechnique, Vol: 64, Pages: 942-953, ISSN: 0016-8505
Kamal RH, Coop MR, Jardine RJ, et al., 2014, The post-yield behaviour of four Eocene-to-Jurassic UK stiff clays, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 64, Pages: 620-634, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 31
Silva M, Foray P, Rimoy S, et al., 2013, Influence of cyclic axial loads on the behaviour of piles driven in sand, Paris, TC-209 Workshop, ‘Design for cyclic loading: piles and other foundations’, Publisher: Presses des Ponts, Pages: 81-84
Puech A, Benzaria O, Thorel L, et al., 2013, Cyclic stability diagrams for piles in sands, Paris, TC-209 Workshop, ‘Design for cyclic loading: piles and other foundations’, Publisher: Presses des Ponts, Pages: 85-88
Andersen KA, Puech AA, Jardine RJ, 2013, Cyclic resistant geotechnical design and parameter selection for offshore engineering and other applications, Paris, TC-209 Workshop, ‘Design for cyclic loading: piles and other foundations’, Publisher: Presses des Ponts, Pages: 9-44
Jardine RJ, 2013, Advanced laboratory testing in research and practice. 2nd Bishop Lecture, 18th Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Publisher: Presses des Ponts, Pages: 25-55
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