Publications
187 results found
Azzam S, Kildishev A, Ma R-M, et al., 2020, Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers, LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2095-5545
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- Citations: 160
Gusken NA, Nielsen MP, Nguyen NB, et al., 2020, Efficient Four Wave Mixing and Low-Loss Adiabatic In-Coupling in Hybrid Gap Plasmonic Waveguides, ISSN: 1092-8081
We show four-wave-mixing over 2 μm with 1% signal-to-idler conversion efficiency enabled by strong non-linearities and highly confined fields. We also demonstrate low-loss in-coupling into nanometer gaps with an efficiency of 80%.
Doiron B, Gusken NA, Lauri A, et al., 2020, Hot Carrier Optoelectronics with Titanium Nitride, Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS, ISSN: 1092-8081
© 2020 OSA. Titanium oxynitride enables a range of plasmonic and optoelectronic functionality using long-lived photo-generated hot carriers. We explore the time scale of hot carriers in TiN and their use in photochemical reduction and Schottky detectors.
Marques Rodrigues J, Walker BT, Dhar HS, et al., 2020, Non-stationary statistics and formation jitter in transient photon condensation, Nature Communications, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2041-1723
While equilibrium phase transitions are easily described by order parameters and free-energylandscapes, for their non-stationary counterparts these quantities are usually ill-defined. Here,we probe transient non-equilibrium dynamics of an optically pumped, dye-filled microcavity. Wequench the system to a far-from-equilibrium state and find delayed condensation close to a criticalexcitation energy, a transient equivalent of critical slowing down. Besides number fluctuations nearthe critical excitation energy, we show that transient phase transitions exhibit timing jitter in thecondensate formation. This jitter is a manifestation of the randomness associated with spontaneousemission, showing that condensation is a stochastic, rather than deterministic process. Despite thenon-equilibrium character of this phase transition, we construct an effective free-energy landscapethat describes the formation jitter and allows, in principle, its generalization to a wider class ofprocesses.
Walker BT, Rodrigues JD, Dhar HS, et al., 2020, Non-stationary statistics and formation jitter in transient photon condensation, Publisher: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
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- Citations: 9
Güsken NA, Nielsen MP, Nguyen NB, et al., 2020, Efficient four wave mixing and low-loss adiabatic in-coupling in hybrid gap plasmonic waveguides
We show four-wave-mixing over 2 µm with 1% signal-to-idler conversion efficiency enabled by strong non-linearities and highly confined fields. We also demonstrate low-loss in-coupling into nanometer gaps with an efficiency of 80%.
Doiron B, Güsken NA, Lauri A, et al., 2020, Hot carrier optoelectronics with titanium nitride
Titanium oxynitride enables a range of plasmonic and optoelectronic functionality using long-lived photo-generated hot carriers. We explore the time scale of hot carriers in TiN and their use in photochemical reduction and Schottky detectors.
Gennaro SD, Li Y, Maier SA, et al., 2020, Mixed order nonlinear processes from metasurfaces of multi-resonant gold antennas
We demonstrate mixed-order nonlinear frequency mixing in Au antennas and reveal the role of high order antenna modes in Pancharatnam-Berry Phase metasurfaces. The application of ultrafast pulse characterization is explored.
Gennaro SD, Li Y, Maier SA, et al., 2020, Nonlinear geometric phase gradient metasurfaces beyond the dipole approximation
In this work, we identify the role of higher order antenna’s modes on a metasurface’s Pancharatnam – Berry phase by investigating second harmonic light scattering from two metasurfaces exhibiting dipolar and quadrupolar radiation.
Gusken NA, Lauri A, Li Y, et al., 2020, IR hot carrier based photodetection in titanium nitride oxide thin film-Si junctions, MRS Advances, Vol: 5, Pages: 1843-1850, ISSN: 2059-8521
Hot carrier based methods constitute a valuable approach for efficient and silicon compatible sub-bandgap photodetection. Although, hot electron excitation and transfer have been studied extensively on traditional materials such as Au and Ti, reports on alternative materials such as titanium nitride (TiN) are rare. Here, we perform hot hole photodetection measurements on a p-Si/metal thin film junction using Ti, Au and TiN. This material is of interest as it constitutes a refractory alternative to Au which is an important property for plasmonic applications where high field intensities can occur. In contrast to Au, a TiN/Si junction does not suffer from metal diffusion into the Si, which eases the integration with current Si-fabrication techniques. This work shows that a backside illuminated p-Si/TiN system can be used for efficient hot hole extraction in the IR, allowing for a responsivity of 1 mA/W at an excitation wavelength of 1250 nm and at zero bias. Via a comparison between TiN and other commonly used materials such as Au, the origin of this comparably high photoresponse can be traced back to be directly linked to a thin TiO2-x interfacial layer allowing for a distinct hot-hole transfer mechanism. Moreover, the fabrication of TiN nanodisk arrays is demonstrated which bears great promise to further boost the device efficiency.
Gusken NA, Nielsen MP, Nguyen NB, et al., 2020, Efficient four wave mixing and low-loss adiabatic in-coupling in hybrid gap plasmonic waveguides, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2160-9020
Gennaro SD, Li Y, Maier SA, et al., 2020, Mixed order nonlinear processes from metasurfaces of multi-resonant gold antennas, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2160-9020
Gennaro SD, Li Y, Maier SA, et al., 2020, Nonlinear Geometric Phase Gradient Metasurface beyond the Dipole Approximation, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2160-9020
Sistani M, Bartmann MG, Gusken NA, et al., 2019, Nanoscale aluminum plasmonic waveguide with monolithically integrated germanium detector, Applied Physics Letters, Vol: 115, Pages: 161107-1-161107-4, ISSN: 0003-6951
Surface plasmon polaritons have rapidly established themselves as a promising concept for molecular sensing, near-field nanoimaging, andtransmission lines for emerging integrated ultracompact photonic circuits. In this letter, we demonstrate a highly compact surface plasmonpolariton detector based on an axial metal-semiconductor-metal nanowire heterostructure device. Here, an in-coupled surface plasmonpolariton propagates along an aluminum nanowire waveguide joined to a high index germanium segment, which effectively acts as a photoconductor at low bias. Based on this system, we experimentally verify surface plasmon propagation along monocrystalline Al nanowires asthin as 40 nm in diameters. Furthermore, the monolithic integration of plasmon generation, guiding, and detection enables us to examine thebending losses of kinked waveguides. These systematic investigations of ultrathin monocrystalline Al nanowires represent a general platformfor the evaluation of nanoscale metal based waveguides for transmission lines of next generation high-speed ultracompact on-chip photoniccircuits.
Dichtl P, Abdelwahab I, Grinblat G, et al., 2019, Giant and tunable optical nonlinearity in single-crystalline 2D perovskites due to excitonic and plasma effects
2D Ruddlesden-Popper-type lead halide perovskites exhibit a strong third-order nonlinear response around excitonic resonance, which is characterized with Z-scan measurements. We find large absolute values and a sign change of both nonlinear refraction and absorption.
Dichtl P, Gennaro SD, Li Y, et al., 2019, Exploiting the nonlinear optical response of gold nanoantennas for ultrafast pulse characterisation
Two femtosecond laser pulses in the near-infrared and near the edge of the visible waveband are characterized simultaneously by a time-resolved analysis of nonlinear scattering from gold nanoparticles.
Gennaro SD, Li Y, Maier SA, et al., 2019, Nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Metasurfaces beyond the Dipole Approximation, ACS PHOTONICS, Vol: 6, Pages: 2335-2341, ISSN: 2330-4022
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- Citations: 14
Grandi S, Nielsen MP, Cambiasso J, et al., 2019, Hybrid plasmonic waveguide coupling of photons from a single molecule, APL Photonics, Vol: 4, Pages: 086101-1-086101-6, ISSN: 2378-0967
We demonstrate the emission of photons from a single molecule into a hybrid gap plasmon waveguide (HGPW). Crystals of anthracene, doped with dibenzoterrylene (DBT), are grown on top of the waveguides. We investigate a single DBT molecule coupled to the plasmonic region of one of the guides, and determine its in-plane orientation, excited state lifetime and saturation intensity. The molecule emits light into the guide, which is remotely out-coupled by a grating. The second-order autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions show that the emitter is a single molecule and that the light emerging from the grating comes from that molecule. The couplinge fficiency is found to be βWG = 11.6(1:5)%. This type of structure is promising for building new functionality into quantum-photonic circuits, where localised regions of strong emitter-guide coupling can be interconnected by low-loss dielectric guides.
Doiron B, Li Y, Mihai A, et al., 2019, Plasmon-enhanced electron harvesting in robust titanium nitride nanostructures, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces, Vol: 123, Pages: 18521-18527, ISSN: 1932-7447
Titanium nitride (TiN) continues to prove itself as an inexpensive, robust, and efficient alternative to gold in plasmonic applications. Notably, TiN has improved hot electron-harvesting and photocatalytic abilities compared to gold systems, which we recently attributed to the role of oxygen in TiN and its native semiconducting TiO2–x surface layer. Here, we explore the role of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) on electron harvesting across the TiN/TiO2–x interface and probe the resilience of TiN nanostructures under high-power laser illumination. To investigate this, we fabricate TiN strips, in which the lateral confinement allows for the polarization-selective excitation of the LSPR. Using ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy, optical characterization, and Raman vibrational spectroscopy, we relate the differences and changes observed in the electron behavior to specific material properties. We observe plasmon-enhanced electron harvesting beyond what is expected resulting from the enhanced absorption of the plasmonic mode. We accredit this to the surface oxide damping the plasmon resonance, providing additional nonradiative loss channels. Subsequently, we show that low-power annealing of the surface oxide layer reduces the trap density at the interface and increases the initial harvested electron concentration. The unique properties of TiN make it important in the future development of plasmonic electron-harvesting applications.
Grinblat G, Abdelwahab I, Nielsen MP, et al., 2019, Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation in 2D Hybrid Perovskites, ACS NANO, Vol: 13, Pages: 9504-9510, ISSN: 1936-0851
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- Citations: 57
Abdelwahab I, Dichtl P, Grinblat G, et al., 2019, Giant and Tunable Optical Nonlinearity in Single-Crystalline 2D Perovskites due to Excitonic and Plasma Effects, ADVANCED MATERIALS, Vol: 31, ISSN: 0935-9648
Shautsova V, Gusken NA, Sidiropoulos T, et al., 2019, Plasmonic photo-thermo-electric effect in graphene, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2160-8989
We present a novel photo-thermo-electric effect in graphene photo-detectors established by hot electrons concentration gradients at plasmonic contacts. Our description is crucial for an in depth understanding of graphene-based photo detection devices.
Grinblat G, Nielsen M, Dichtl P, et al., 2019, Ultrafast sub-30 FS all-optical switching based on gallium phosphide, Science Advances, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2375-2548
Gallium Phosphide (GaP) is one of the few available materials with strong optical nonlinearity and negligible losses in the visible ( >450 )and near-infrared regime. In this work, we demonstrate that a GaP film can generate sub-30 fs (full width at half maximum) transmission modulation of up to ⁓70% in the 600-1000 nm wavelength range. Nonlinear simulations using parameters measured by the Z-scan approach indicate that the transmission modulation arises from the optical Kerr effect and two-photon absorption. Due to the absence of linear absorption, no slower free-carrier contribution is detected. These findings place GaP as a promising ultrafast material for all-optical switching at modulation speeds of up to 20 THz.
Grandi S, Nielsen MP, Cambiasso J, et al., 2019, Hybrid plasmonic waveguide coupling of photons from a single molecule
We demonstrate the emission of photons from a single molecule into a hybridgap plasmon waveguide (HGPW). Crystals of anthracene, doped withdibenzoterrylene (DBT), are grown on top of the waveguides. We investigate asingle DBT molecule coupled to the plasmonic region of one of the guides, anddetermine its in-plane orientation, excited state lifetime and saturationintensity. The molecule emits light into the guide, which is remotelyout-coupled by a grating. The second-order auto-correlation andcross-correlation functions show that the emitter is a single molecule and thatthe light emerging from the grating comes from that molecule. The couplingefficiency is found to be $\beta_{WG}=11.6(1.5)\%$. This type of structure ispromising for building new functionality into quantum-photonic circuits, wherelocalised regions of strong emitter-guide coupling can be interconnected bylow-loss dielectric guides.
Aizpurua J, Ashfold M, Baletto F, et al., 2019, Dynamics of hot electron generation in metallic nanostructures: general discussion., Faraday Discuss, Vol: 214, Pages: 123-146
Gusken NA, Lauri A, Li Y, et al., 2019, TiO2-x-enhanced IR hot carrier based photodetection in metal thin film-si junctions, ACS Photonics, Vol: 6, Pages: 953-960, ISSN: 2330-4022
We investigate titanium nitride (TiN) thin film coatings on silicon for CMOS-compatible sub-bandgap charge separation upon incident illumination, which is a key feature in the vast field of on-chip photodetection and related integrated photonic devices. Titanium nitride of tunable oxidation distributions serves as an adjustable broadband light absorber with high mechanical robustness and strong chemical resistivity. Backside-illuminated TiN on p-type Si (pSi) constitutes a self-powered and refractory alternative for photodetection, providing a photoresponsivity of about ∼1 mA/W at 1250 nm and zero bias while outperforming conventional metal coatings such as gold (Au). Our study discloses that the enhanced photoresponse of TiN/pSi in the near-infrared spectral range is directly linked to trap states in an ultrathin TiO2–x interfacial interlayer that forms between TiN and Si. We show that a pSi substrate in conjunction with a few nanometer thick amorphous TiO2–x film can serve as a platform for photocurrent enhancement of various other metals such as Au and Ti. Moreover, the photoresponse of Au on a TiO2–x/pSi platform can be increased to about 4 mA/W under 0.45 V reverse bias at 1250 nm, allowing for controlled photoswitching. A clear deviation from the typically assumed Fowler-like response is observed, and an alternative mechanism is proposed to account for the metal/semiconductor TiO2–x interlayer, capable of facilitating hole transport.
Doiron B, Mota M, Wells MP, et al., 2019, Quantifying figures of merit for localized surface plasmon resonance applications: a materials survey, ACS Photonics, Vol: 6, Pages: 240-259, ISSN: 2330-4022
Using localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) to focus electromagnetic radiation to the nanoscale shows the promise of unprecedented capabilities in optoelectronic devices, medical treatments and nanoscale chemistry, due to a strong enhancement of light-matter interactions. As we continue to explore novel applications, we require a systematic quantitative method to compare suitability across different geometries and a growing library of materials. In this work, we propose application-specific figures of merit constructed from fundamental electronic and optical properties of each material. We compare 17 materials from four material classes (noble metals, refractory metals, transition metal nitrides, and conductive oxides) considering eight topical LSPR applications. Our figures of merit go beyond purely electromagnetic effects and account for the materials’ thermal properties, interactions with adjacent materials, and realistic illumination conditions. For each application we compare, for simplicity, an optimized spherical antenna geometry and benchmark our proposed choice against the state-of-the-art from the literature. Our propositions suggest the most suitable plasmonic materials for key technology applications and can act as a starting point for those working directly on the design, fabrication, and testing of such devices.
Dichtl P, Abdelwahab I, Grinblat G, et al., 2019, Giant and tunable optical nonlinearity in single-crystalline 2D perovskites due to excitonic and plasma effects
2D Ruddlesden-Popper-type lead halide perovskites exhibit a strong third-order nonlinear response around excitonic resonance, which is characterized with Z-scan measurements. We find large absolute values and a sign change of both nonlinear refraction and absorption.
Ma R-M, Oulton RF, 2019, Applications of nanolasers, NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 14, Pages: 12-22, ISSN: 1748-3387
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- Citations: 299
Gusken NA, Nielsen MP, Nguyen NB, et al., 2019, Efficient four wave mixing and low-loss in-coupling in hybrid gap plasmonic waveguides, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2160-9020
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