Publications
125 results found
Newell N, Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, 2013, A comparison of MiL-Lx and hybrid-III responses in seated and standing postures with blast mats in simulated under-vehicle explosions, 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 135-144
Blast mats that can be retrofitted to the floor of military vehicles are considered to reduce the risk of injury from under-vehicle explosions. Anthropometric test devices (ATDs) are validated for use only in the seated position. The aim of this study was to use a traumatic injury simulator fitted with 3 different blast mats in order to assess the ability of 2 ATD designs to evaluate the protective capacity of the mats in 2 occupant postures under 2 severities. Tests were performed for each combination of mat design, ATD, severity and posture using an antivehicle under-belly injury simulator. The differences between mitigation systems were larger under the H-III compared to the MiL-Lx. There was little difference in how the 2 ATDs and how posture ranked the mitigation systems. Results from this study suggest that conclusions obtained by testing in the seated position can be extrapolated to the standing. However, the different percentage reductions observed in the 2 ATDs suggests different levels of protection. It is therefore unclear which ATD should be used to assess such mitigation systems. A correlation between cadavers and ATDs on the protection offered by blast mats is required in order to elucidate this issue.
Masouros SD, Newell N, Bonner TJ, et al., 2012, A standing vehicle occupant is likely to sustain a more severe injury than one who has flexed knees in an under-vehicle explosion: A cadaveric study, 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 289-295
The lower limb of military vehicle occupants has been the most injured body part due to undervehicle explosions in recent conflicts. Understanding the injury mechanism and causality of injury severity could aid in developing better protection. Therefore, we tested 4 different occupant postures (seated, brace, standing, standing with knee locked in hyper-extension) in a simulated under-vehicle explosion (solid blast) using our traumatic injury simulator in the laboratory; we hypothesised that occupant posture would affect injury severity. No skeletal injury was observed in the specimens in seated and braced postures. Severe, impairing injuries were observed in the foot of standing and hyper-extended specimens. These results demonstrate that a vehicle occupant whose posture at the time of the attack incorporates knee flexion is more likely to be protected against severe skeletal injury to the lower leg.
Newell N, Masouros SD, Ramasamy A, et al., 2012, Use of cadavers and anthropometric test devices (ATDs) for assessing lower limb injury outcome from under-vehicle explosions, 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 296-303
Lower extremities are particularly susceptible to injury in an under-vehicle explosion. Operational fitness of military vehicles is assessed through anthropometric test devices (ATDs) in full-scale blast tests. The aim of this study was to compare the response between the Hybrid-III ATD, the MiL-Lx ATD and cadavers in our traumatic injury simulator, which is able to replicate the response of the vehicle floor in an under-vehicle explosion. All specimens were fitted with a combat boot and tested on our traumatic injury simulator in a seated position. The load recorded in the ATDs was above the tolerance levels recommended by NATO in all tests; no injuries were observed in any of the 3 cadaveric specimens. The Hybrid-III produced higher peak forces than the MiL-Lx. The time to peak strain in the calcaneus of the cadavers was similar to the time to peak force in the ATDs. Maximum compression of the sole of the combat boot was similar for cadavers and MiL-Lx, but significantly greater for the Hybrid-III. These results suggest that the MiL-Lx has a more biofidelic response to under-vehicle explosive events compared to the Hybrid-III. Therefore, it is recommended that mitigation strategies are assessed using the MiL-Lx surrogate and not the Hybrid-III.
Newell N, Masouros SD, Pullen AD, et al., 2012, The comparative behaviour of two combat boots under impact, Injury Prevention, Vol: 18, Pages: 109-112, ISSN: 1353-8047
Background Improvised explosive devices have become the characteristic weapon of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. While little can be done to mitigate against the effects of blast in free-field explosions, scaled blast simulations have shown that the combat boot can attenuate the effects on the vehicle occupants of anti-vehicular mine blasts. Although the combat boot offers some protection to the lower limb, its behaviour at the energies seen in anti-vehicular mine blast has not been documented previously.Methods The sole of eight same-size combat boots from two brands currently used by UK troops deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan were impacted at energies of up to 518 J, using a spring-assisted drop rig.Results The results showed that the Meindl Desert Fox combat boot consistently experienced a lower peak force at lower impact energies and a longer time-to-peak force at higher impact energies when compared with the Lowa Desert Fox combat boot.Discussion This reduction in the peak force and extended rise time, resulting in a lower energy transfer rate, is a potentially positive mitigating effect in terms of the trauma experienced by the lower limb.Conclusion Currently, combat boots are tested under impact at the energies seen during heel strike in running. Through the identification of significantly different behaviours at high loading, this study has shown that there is rationale in adding the performance of combat boots under impact at energies above those set out in international standards to the list of criteria for the selection of a combat boot.
Bonner TJ, Eardley WGP, Newell N, et al., 2011, Accurate placement of a pelvic binder improves reduction of unstable fractures of the pelvic ring, JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, Vol: 93B, Pages: 1524-1528, ISSN: 0301-620X
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- Citations: 52
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros SD, et al., 2011, Evaluating the effect of vehicle modification in reducing injuries from landmine blasts. An analysis of 2212 incidents and its application for humanitarian purposes, ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 43, Pages: 1878-1886, ISSN: 0001-4575
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- Citations: 14
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros S, et al., 2011, Blast-related fracture patterns: a forensic biomechanical approach, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 8, Pages: 689-698, ISSN: 1742-5689
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- Citations: 54
Ramasamy A, Masouros SD, Newell N, et al., 2011, In-vehicle extremity injuries from improvised explosive devices: current and future foci, PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 366, Pages: 160-170, ISSN: 0962-8436
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- Citations: 59
Bonner TJ, Eardley WGP, Newell N, et al., 2011, The early management of unstable pelvic ring fractures: the effect of circumferential binder position on diastasis reduction, Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Trauma Society
Brown K, Bo C, Ramasamy A, et al., 2011, Prospects for studying how high-intensity compression waves cause damage in human blast injuries, 17th Biennial International Conference of the American Physical Society: Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Masouros SD, McDermott ID, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, Biomechanics, The Meniscus, Editors: Beaufils, Verdonk, Berlin, Germany, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 29-37, ISBN: 9783642024498
This clinical guide provides a special focus on the normal meniscal mechanism, body and function.
McDermott ID, Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, et al., 2010, Anatomy, MENISCUS, Editors: Beaufils, Verdonk, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Pages: 11-18, ISBN: 978-3-642-02449-8
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- Citations: 7
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Gibb I, et al., 2010, Explosion-mediated fracture pattens relate to environment; a forensic biomechanical approach, Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Trauma Society
Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Gibb I, et al., 2010, Explosion mediated fracture patterns relate to environment: a forensic biomechanical approach, Annual Meeting of the British Orthopaedic Research Society
Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, Amis AA, 2010, (i) Biomechanics of the knee joint, ORTOPAED TRAUMA, Vol: 24, Pages: 84-91
The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait, flexing and rotating yet remaining stable during the activities of daily life, and transmitting forces across it. Geometrical, anatomical and structural considerations allow the knee joint to accomplish these biomechanical roles. These are addressed and discussed in this article.
Newell N, Masouros SD, Ramasamy A, et al., 2010, Impact testing of a combat boot: boundary conditions for high energy lower limb impacts during blast, 6th World Congress of Biomechanics
Masouros SD, Alpay E, 2009, Mathematics and online learning experiences: a gateway site for engineering students, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol: 35, Pages: 59-78
This paper focuses on the preliminary design of a multifaceted computer-based mathematics resource for undergraduate and pre-entry engineering students. Online maths resources, whilst attractive in their flexibility of delivery, have seen variable interest from students and teachers alike. Through student surveys and wide consultations, guidelines have been developed for effectively collating and integrating learning, support, application and diagnostic tools to produce an Engineer’s Mathematics Gateway. Specific recommendations include: the development of a shared database of engineering discipline-specific problems and examples; the identification of, and resource development for, troublesome mathematics topics which encompass ideas of threshold concepts and mastery components; the use of motivational and promotional material to raise student interest in mathematics learning in an engineering context; the use of general and lecture-specific concept maps and matrices to identify the needs and relevance of mathematics to engineering topics; and further exploration of the facilitation of peer-based learning through online resources.
Smith CD, Masouros S, Hill AM, et al., 2009, A biomechanical basis for tears of the human acetabular labrum, BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 43, Pages: 574-578, ISSN: 0306-3674
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- Citations: 26
Masouros SD, Alpay E, 2009, The design of a computer-based maths toolbox for engineering students, Netherlands, SEFI Annual Conference 2009, Publisher: Delft University of Technology
Smith CD, Masouros SD, Hill AM, et al., 2009, The Compressive Behavior of the Human Glenoid Labrum May Explain the Common Patterns of SLAP Lesions, ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, Vol: 25, Pages: 504-509, ISSN: 0749-8063
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- Citations: 9
Rees L, Matthews A, Masouros SD, et al., 2009, Comparison of 1-and 2-Knot, 4-Strand, Double-Modified Kessler Tendon Repairs in a Porcine Model, JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, Vol: 34A, Pages: 705-709, ISSN: 0363-5023
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- Citations: 20
Masouros SD, Alpay E, 2009, The design of a computer-based maths toolbox for engineering students, 37th SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education)
Masouros SD, Parker KH, Hill AM, et al., 2009, Testing and modelling of soft connective tissues of joints: a review, Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Vol: 44, Pages: 305-318
There is wealth of data from experimental and numerical methods of analysing and modelling soft connective tissues of joints. In recent years, the advances in computational and technological capabilities allowed for several aspects of the function and mechanical behaviour of soft connective tissues of joints to be explored. However, the nature of soft tissue poses a great challenge in characterising its material behaviour in a repeatable and physiologically or clinically relevant manner. This review article attempts to present, critique and suggest experimental and numerical methods that are associated with the function and mechanical response of soft connective tissues of joints.
Masouros SD, McDermott ID, Amis AA, et al., 2008, Biomechanics of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct of the knee, KNEE SURG SPORT TR A, Vol: 16, Pages: 1121-1132, ISSN: 0942-2056
The menisci of the knee act primarily to redistribute contact force across the tibio-femoral articulation. This meniscal function is achieved through a combination of the material, geometry and attachments of the menisci. The main ligaments that attach the menisci to the tibia (insertional ligaments, deep medial collateral ligament), the femur (meniscofemoral ligaments, deep medial collateral ligament) and each other (the anterior intermeniscal ligament) are the means by which the contact force between tibia and femur is distributed into hoop stresses in the menisci to reduce contact pressure at the joint. This means that the functional biomechanics of the menisci cannot be considered in isolation and should be considered as the functional biomechanics of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct. This article presents the current knowledge on the anatomy and functional biomechanics of the meniscus and its associated ligaments. Much is known about the function of the meniscus-meniscal ligament construct; however, there still remain significant gaps in the literature in terms of the properties of the anterior intermeniscal ligament and its function, the properties of the insertional ligaments, and the most appropriate ways to reconstruct meniscal function surgically.
Smith CD, Masouros S, Hill AM, et al., 2008, Mechanical testing of intra-articular tissues. Relating experiments to physiological function, CURRENT ORTHOPAEDICS, Vol: 22, Pages: 341-348, ISSN: 0268-0890
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- Citations: 6
McDermott ID, Masouros SD, Amis AA, 2008, Biomechanics of the menisci of the knee, CURRENT ORTHOPAEDICS, Vol: 22, Pages: 193-201, ISSN: 0268-0890
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- Citations: 75
Smith CD, Masouros SD, Hill AM, et al., 2008, Tensile properties of the human glenoid labrum, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Vol: 212, Pages: 49-54, ISSN: 0021-8782
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- Citations: 20
Masouros SD, Bull AMJ, Hansen UN, et al., 2008, Finite element modelling of the menisci within the tibio-femoral joint, 3rd Congress of the Hellenic Society of Biomechanics
Masouros SD, Mathioudakis K, 2007, Estimation of transient wall and flow temperature distributions in a circular duct using an inverse approach, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 221, Pages: 1353-1361, ISSN: 0954-4062
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