Imperial College London
Alternate

ProfessorStephenSmith

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Professor of Bioresource Systems
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 6051s.r.smith

 
 
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Assistant

 

Miss Judith Barritt +44 (0)20 7594 5967

 
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Location

 

229Skempton BuildingSouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

246 results found

Rigby HL, Acker S, Dowding A, Fernandes A, Humphries D, Petch S, Rautiu R, Reynolds CK, Rose M, Smith SRet al., 2015, Investigation of the Potential Transfer and Uptake of Contaminants into Food Arising from the use of Biosolids and other Recycled Wastes in Agriculture, SludgeTech

Conference paper

Orthodoxou D, Pettitt TR, Fuller M, Newton M, Knight N, Smith SRet al., 2015, An Investigation of Some Critical Physico-chemical Parameters Influencing the Operational Rotary In-vessel Composting of Food Waste by a Small-to-Medium Sized Enterprise, WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION, Vol: 6, Pages: 293-302, ISSN: 1877-2641

Journal article

Karkashan A, Khallaf B, Morris J, Thurbon N, Rouch D, Smith SR, Deighton Met al., 2015, Comparison of methodologies for enumerating and detecting the viability of Ascaris eggs in sewage sludge by standard incubation-microscopy, the BacLight Live/Dead viability assay and other vital dyes, Water Research, Vol: 68, Pages: 533-544, ISSN: 0043-1354

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Live/Dead BacLight viability kit as a method for enumerating viable eggs of Ascaris suum in sewage sludge as a surrogate for the human roundworm. The number and viability status of eggs of A. suum were accurately measured directly in sewage sludge samples by the BacLight method, compared to the conventional incubation-microscopy procedure. BacLight stains were not toxic to A. suum eggs, in contrast to some conventional vital dyes which disrupted viable eggs. The method was effective for the direct examination of eggs in heavily contaminated samples or seeded sludge containing ∼200 eggs/g DS in sludge with 5% DS content. However, a recovery method would be necessary to examine samples with small numbers of eggs, for instance in sludge from regions where the prevalence of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is low. The BacLight technique may therefore be an effective alternative to conventional incubation-microscopy for enumerating Ascaris eggs in contaminated field samples or to validate sludge treatment processes by examining decay rates of inoculated A. suum eggs in laboratory simulations. Most field samples would require recovery from an appropriate number of composite samples prior to vital staining.

Journal article

Mondal T, Rouch DA, Thurbon N, Smith SR, Deighton MAet al., 2015, Factors affecting decay of <i>Salmonella</i> Birkenhead and coliphage MS2 during mesophilic anaerobic digestion and air drying of sewage sludge, JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH, Vol: 13, Pages: 459-472, ISSN: 1477-8920

Journal article

Rigby H, Smith SR, 2014, The nitrogen fertiliser value and other agronomic benefits of industrial biowastes, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, Vol: 98, Pages: 137-154, ISSN: 1385-1314

An estimated 7 million t of industrial biowastes are landspread annually in the UK. Quantitative research into their fertiliser replacement value and agronomic benefit is required to increase their use in agriculture, recycle valuable nutrients, and contribute to the reduction of biodegradable waste sent to landfill. A programme of systematically designed field experiments was established to quantify the agronomic value of a range of industrial biowastes, including examples from the vegetable, meat and dairy processing industries and digested biowastes from industrial aerobic and anaerobic digestion plants. Dewatered anaerobically digested biosolids (DMAD) was included as a reference material. Yield and N offtake responses of perennial ryegrass, at five rates of application of each biowaste type were used to calculate the N equivalency relative to mineral N fertiliser. Liquid thermophilic aerobic digestate (LTAD) of food waste was an effective source of available N, with an N equivalency of 59–76 %. Liquid mesophilic anaerobic co-digestates of livestock slurry and food waste (LcoMAD) had N equivalencies between 68 and 85 %. Vegetable processing waste and brewing waste (yeast) had N equivalency values of 45 and 89 %, respectively. Regarding other nutrient elements, the biowastes were generally a source of P, vegetable wastes were significant sources of K, and DMAD and the dewatered anaerobically digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (DMADMSW) were effective sources of S. Certain waste types were not effective sources of N for crop growth (e.g. potato processing wastes, kieselguhr) and require further investigation at greater rates of application to determine their agronomic benefit.

Journal article

Rigby H, Smith SR, 2013, Nitrogen availability and indirect measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from aerobic and anaerobic biowaste digestates applied to agricultural soils, WASTE MANAGEMENT, Vol: 33, Pages: 2641-2652, ISSN: 0956-053X

Journal article

Brito LM, Mourao I, Coutinho J, Smith Set al., 2013, Composting for management and resource recovery of invasive <i>Acacia</i> species, WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, Vol: 31, Pages: 1125-1132, ISSN: 0734-242X

Journal article

Sim NM, Wilson DC, Velis CA, Smith SRet al., 2013, Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: The City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan), WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, Vol: 31, Pages: 106-125, ISSN: 0734-242X

Journal article

Abd El Lateef EM, Hall JE, Smith SR, Bakry BA, Elewa TAet al., 2013, A survey of heavy metals content of soil and plants as affected by long-term application of sewage water. A case study

As part of a four year study evaluating the practicability and value of sewage sludge use in Egypt, soil and plant surveys were carried out on a citrus plantation, irrigated with Cairo sewage since the 1920s, in order to evaluate the long-term accumulation of trace elements and heavy metals and their bioavailability. While total and DTPA soil concentrations correlated well, no relationship could be found between soil and plant tissue concentrations, despite elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil. Study of long-term contamination of soil with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has not demonstrated a potential risk to crop quality and yield or human health from the slow accumulation of PTEs in sludge-treated agricultural soil. PTE concentrations in plant tissues remained low and within normal ranges despite significant increases in soil content after long-term irrigation with sewage effluent. Concentrations of PTEs in plant tissues were not related to total or DTPA extractable metals in contaminated soil. DTPA may not be a sufficiently reliable indicator of actual phytoavailability of trace elements in sludge-treated soil, although it is accepted that DTPA is widely used in nutrient diagnosis assessment. These data provide assurance about the minimal risk to the environment from trace elements and PTEs in sludge-treated agricultural soil, but a more detailed dietary analysis of Cd intakes under Egyptian conditions is recommended, following the approaches adopted in the UK and US for setting Cd soil limits or loading rates for this element.

Conference paper

Nicholson FA, Humphries S, Anthony SG, Smith SR, Chadwick D, Chambers BJet al., 2012, A software tool for estimating the capacity of agricultural land in England and Wales for recycling organic materials (ALOWANCE), SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 28, Pages: 307-317, ISSN: 0266-0032

Journal article

Velis CA, Wilson DC, Rocca O, Smith SR, Mavropoulos A, Cheeseman CRet al., 2012, An analytical framework and tool ('<i>InteRa</i>') for integrating the informal recycling sector in waste and resource management systems in developing countries, WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, Vol: 30, Pages: 43-66, ISSN: 0734-242X

Journal article

Brito LM, Mourao I, Coutinho J, Smith SRet al., 2012, Simple technologies for on-farm composting of cattle slurry solid fraction, WASTE MANAGEMENT, Vol: 32, Pages: 1332-1340, ISSN: 0956-053X

Journal article

McCown S, Brummer M, Hayes S, Olson G, Smith SR, Lawrence Let al., 2012, Acceptability of Teff Hay by Horses, JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE, Vol: 32, Pages: 327-331, ISSN: 0737-0806

Journal article

Rouch DA, Fleming VA, Pai S, Deighton M, Blackbeard J, Smith SRet al., 2011, Nitrogen release from air-dried biosolids for fertilizer value, SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 27, Pages: 294-304, ISSN: 0266-0032

Journal article

Clarke BO, Smith SR, 2011, Review of 'emerging' organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids, ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 37, Pages: 226-247, ISSN: 0160-4120

Journal article

Rouch DA, Mondal T, Pai S, Glauche F, Fleming VA, Thurbon N, Blackbeard J, Smith SR, Deighton Met al., 2011, Microbial safety of air-dried and rewetted biosolids, JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH, Vol: 9, Pages: 403-414, ISSN: 1477-8920

Journal article

Cooper J, Cass J, Rogers M, Smith SRet al., 2010, Effects of sludge dewatering and digestion processes on <i>Escherichia coli</i> enumeration, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT JOURNAL, Vol: 24, Pages: 303-308, ISSN: 1747-6585

Journal article

Brito LM, Mourao I, Coutinho J, Smith SRet al., 2010, Physicochemical Dynamics of Composting Screw Pressed Cattle Slurry Amended with Italian Ryegrass Straw or Gorse Bulking Agents, COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION, Vol: 18, Pages: 119-126, ISSN: 1065-657X

Journal article

Smith SR, Jasim S, 2009, Small-scale home composting of biodegradable household waste: overview of key results from a 3-year research programme in West London, WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, Vol: 27, Pages: 941-950, ISSN: 0734-242X

Journal article

Rigby H, Perez-Viana F, Cass J, Rogers M, Smith SRet al., 2009, The influence of soil and biosolids type, and microbial immobilisation on nitrogen availability in biosolids-amended agricultural soils - implications for fertiliser recommendations, SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 25, Pages: 395-408, ISSN: 0266-0032

Journal article

Smith SR, 2009, Organic contaminants in sewage sludge (biosolids) and their significance for agricultural recycling, PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 4005-4041, ISSN: 1364-503X

Journal article

Monou M, Kythreotou N, Fatta D, Smith SRet al., 2009, Rapid screening procedure to optimise the anaerobic codigestion of industrial biowastes and agricultural livestock wastes in Cyprus, WASTE MANAGEMENT, Vol: 29, Pages: 712-720, ISSN: 0956-053X

Journal article

Smith SR, 2009, Risks associated with biosolids reuse in agriculture, Urban Water Security: Managing Risks: UNESCO-IHP, Pages: 201-219, ISBN: 9781134011940

Sewage sludge is a proven fertilizer and soil conditioner and can be reused beneficially in agriculture without detriment to the environment or human health. The technical database on the fate of sewage sludge in soil is extensive, enabling management practices to be defined that protect the environment to ensure safe and secure reuse of sludge for crop production. Hygiene is the principal concern, particularly where agricultural practices are labour intensive and farm workers may come into direct contact with sludge. Under these circumstances, biosolids are supplied to the farm gate after treatment to eliminate pathogens. A dual barrier approach, employing treatment and land use restrictions, is effective in controlling the potential transmission of enteric disease when sludge is applied in mechanized farming systems. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) slowly accumulate in sludge-treated soil, but this can be controlled to avoid deleterious effects on crops, soil microbial processes or the food chain. Organic contaminants sorb strongly to soil, volatilize or readily biodegrade, providing barriers to their transmission to the food chain; the consensus of scientific data is that they are not hazardous to human health or the environment in sludge. Effective trade effluent and source controls on contaminants are critical to sustainable recycling programmes.

Book chapter

Smith SR, 2009, A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge, ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 35, Pages: 142-156, ISSN: 0160-4120

Journal article

Sjoestroem AE, Collins CD, Smith SR, Shaw Get al., 2008, Degradation and plant uptake of nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol-12-ethoxylate (NP12EO) in four contrasting agricultural soils, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, Vol: 156, Pages: 1284-1289, ISSN: 0269-7491

Journal article

Brito LM, Coutinho J, Smith SR, 2008, Methods to improve the composting process of the solid fraction of dairy cattle slurry, BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 99, Pages: 8955-8960, ISSN: 0960-8524

Journal article

Monou M, Pafitis N, Kythreotou N, Smith SR, Mantzavinos D, Kassinos Det al., 2008, Anaerobic co-digestion of potato processing wastewater with pig slurry and abattoir wastewater, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 83, Pages: 1658-1663, ISSN: 0268-2575

Journal article

Skourides I, Smith SR, Loizides M, 2008, Sources and factors controlling the disposal of biodegradable municipal solid waste in urban and rural areas of Cyprus, WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, Vol: 26, Pages: 188-195, ISSN: 0734-242X

Journal article

Lang NL, Smith SR, 2008, Time and temperature inactivation kinetics of enteric bacteria relevant to sewage sludge treatment processes for agricultural use, WATER RESEARCH, Vol: 42, Pages: 2229-2241, ISSN: 0043-1354

Journal article

Lang NL, Smith SR, 2007, Influence of soil type, moisture content and biosolids application on the fate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in agricultural soil under controlled laboratory conditions, JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 103, Pages: 2122-2131, ISSN: 1364-5072

Journal article

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