Imperial College London
Alternate

ProfessorStephenSmith

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Professor of Bioresource Systems
 
 
 
//

Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 6051s.r.smith

 
 
//

Assistant

 

Miss Judith Barritt +44 (0)20 7594 5967

 
//

Location

 

229Skempton BuildingSouth Kensington Campus

//

Summary

 

Publications

Citation

BibTex format

@article{Smith:2021:10.1111/wej.12677,
author = {Smith, S and Liu, J and Liu, S},
doi = {10.1111/wej.12677},
journal = {Water and Environment Journal},
pages = {892--901},
title = {A contemporary and historical analysis of the trace element composition of sewage sludge in the United Kingdom},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12677},
volume = {35},
year = {2021}
}
Download

RIS format (EndNote, RefMan)

TY  - JOUR
AB  - Sewage sludge is the essential byproduct of wastewater treatment and approaching 100% of the sludge generated in the United Kingdom is recycled to agricultural land. In collaboration with three major Water Utility companies in the United Kingdom, a critical statistical analysis of historical and contemporary sludge quality data was completed to demonstrate the longterm patterns and improvements in the trace element (TE) content of sludge recycled to agriculture since 1989, and to indicate the current status of sludge quality in the United Kingdom. Comparisons with pollutant emission inventory data showed most of the TE concentrations in sludge were strongly linked to declining environmental emissions. A soil accumulation model showed that zinc and copper would be the first to approach their statutory soil limits in the long term and that nickel, cadmium, lead and mercury are no longer significant and, from a practical perspective, could be removed from the regulatory controls on agricultural use.
AU  - Smith,S
AU  - Liu,J
AU  - Liu,S
DO  - 10.1111/wej.12677
EP  - 901
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 1747-6585
SP  - 892
TI  - A contemporary and historical analysis of the trace element composition of sewage sludge in the United Kingdom
T2  - Water and Environment Journal
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12677
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/wej.12677
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/86151
VL  - 35
ER  -
Download