Imperial College London

DrWengangChai

Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction

Senior Research Fellow
 
 
 
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Contact

 

+44 (0)20 7594 2596w.chai

 
 
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Location

 

Burlington DanesHammersmith Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

191 results found

Palma AS, Pinheiro B, Liu Y, Takeda Y, Chai W, Ito Y, Romao MJ, Carvalho AL, Feizi Tet al., 2013, The Structural Basis of the Recognition of Di-glucosylated N-glycans by the ER Lectin Malectin, Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1368-1369, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Ma S, Duan G, Chai W, Geng C, Tan Y, Wang L, Le Sourd F, Michel G, Yu W, Han Fet al., 2013, Purification, Cloning, Characterization and Essential Amino Acid Residues Analysis of a New iota-Carrageenase from Cellulophaga sp QY3, PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

ι-Carrageenases belong to family 82 of glycoside hydrolases that degrade sulfated galactans in the red algae known as ι-carrageenans. The catalytic mechanism and some substrate-binding residues of family GH82 have been studied but the substrate recognition and binding mechanism of this family have not been fully elucidated. We report here the purification, cloning and characterization of a new ι-carrageenase CgiA_Ce from the marine bacterium Cellulophaga sp. QY3. CgiA_Ce was the most thermostable carrageenase described so far. It was most active at 50°C and pH 7.0 and retained more than 70% of the original activity after incubation at 50°C for 1 h at pH 7.0 or at pH 5.0–10.6 for 24 h. CgiA_Ce was an endo-type ι-carrageenase; it cleaved ι-carrageenan yielding neo-ι-carrabiose and neo-ι-carratetraose as the main end products, and neo-ι-carrahexaose was the minimum substrate. Sequence analysis and structure modeling showed that CgiA_Ce is indeed a new member of family GH82. Moreover, sequence analysis of ι-carrageenases revealed that the amino acid residues at subsites −1 and +1 were more conserved than those at other subsites. Site-directed mutagenesis followed by kinetic analysis identified three strictly conserved residues at subsites −1 and +1 of ι-carrageenases, G228, Y229 and R254 in CgiA_Ce, which played important roles for substrate binding. Furthermore, our results suggested that Y229 and R254 in CgiA_Ce interacted specifically with the sulfate groups of the sugar moieties located at subsites −1 and +1, shedding light on the mechanism of ι-carrageenan recognition in the family GH82.

Journal article

Chen S, Li G, Wu N, Guo X, Liao N, Ye X, Liu D, Xue C, Chai Wet al., 2013, Sulfation pattern of the fucose branch is important for the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS, Vol: 1830, Pages: 3054-3066, ISSN: 0304-4165

Journal article

Zhang H, Zhang S, Tao G, Zhang Y, Mulloy B, Zhan X, Chai Wet al., 2013, Typing of Blood-Group Antigens on Neutral Oligosaccharides by Negative-Ion Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Vol: 85, Pages: 5940-5949-5940-5949

Journal article

Palma AS, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Luis AS, Carvalho AL, Gilbert HJ, Boraston A, Fontes CMGA, Chai W, Ten Fet al., 2012, Designer-oligosaccharide microarrays to decipher ligands in mammalian and prokaryotic glucan-recognition systems, Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Glycobiology and American-Society-for-Matrix-Biology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1612-1613, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Marchant J, Cowper B, Liu Y, Lai L, Pinzan C, Marq JB, Friedrich N, Sawmynaden K, Liew L, Chai W, Childs RA, Saouros S, Simpson P, Barreira MCR, Feizi T, Soldati-Favre D, Matthews Set al., 2012, Galactose recognition by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (vol 287, pg 16720, 2012), JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 287, Pages: 31455-31455, ISSN: 0021-9258

Journal article

Orlowski A, Kaiser H-J, Rog T, Chai W, Feizi T, Lingwood D, Simons K, Vattulainen Iet al., 2012, Role of membrane cholesterol in hydrophobic matching and the resulting redistribution of proteins and lipids, 22nd IUBMB Congress/37th FEBS Congress, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 123-123, ISSN: 1742-464X

Conference paper

Hu Y, Yu G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Sun X, Jiao G, Zhao X, Chai Wet al., 2012, Structural characterization of natural ideal 6-0-sulfated agarose from red alga <i>Gloiopeltis furcata</i>, CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, Vol: 89, Pages: 883-889, ISSN: 0144-8617

Journal article

Chen S, Hu Y, Ye X, Li G, Yu G, Xue C, Chai Wet al., 2012, Sequence determination and anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of a novel sulfated fucan isolated from the sea cucumber <i>Isostichopus badionotus</i>, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS, Vol: 1820, Pages: 989-1000, ISSN: 0304-4165

Journal article

Wang P-P, Yu G-L, Jiao G-L, Zhao X, Li J, Chai W-Get al., 2012, Analysis of N-Glycans Profiling from HeLa Cells by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry, CHEMICAL JOURNAL OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES-CHINESE, Vol: 33, Pages: 1233-1238, ISSN: 0251-0790

Journal article

Wang S, Huang X, Sun D, Xin X, Pan Q, Peng S, Liang Z, Luo C, Yang Y, Jiang H, Huang M, Chai W, Ding J, Geng Met al., 2012, Extensive crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation regulates Akt signaling, PLoS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylations (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked phosphorylations (O-phosphate), as two importanttypes of post-translational modifications, often occur on the same protein and bear a reciprocal relationship. In additionto the well documented phosphorylations that control Akt activity, Akt also undergoes O-GlcNAcylation, but the interplaybetween these two modifications and the biological significance remain unclear, largely due to the technique challenges.Here, we applied a two-step analytic approach composed of the O-GlcNAc immunoenrichment and subsequent Ophosphateimmunodetection. Such an easy method enabled us to visualize endogenous glycosylated andphosphorylated Akt subpopulations in parallel and observed the inhibitory effect of Akt O-GlcNAcylations on itsphosphorylation. Further studies utilizing mass spectrometry and mutagenesis approaches showed that O-GlcNAcylationsat Thr 305 and Thr 312 inhibited Akt phosphorylation at Thr 308 via disrupting the interaction between Akt and PDK1.The impaired Akt activation in turn resulted in the compromised biological functions of Akt, as evidenced by suppressedcell proliferation and migration capabilities. Together, this study revealed an extensive crosstalk between OGlcNAcylationsand phosphorylations of Akt and demonstrated O-GlcNAcylation as a new regulatory modification forAkt signaling.

Journal article

Marchant J, Cowper B, Liu Y, Lai L, Pinzan C, Marq JB, Friedrich N, Sawmynaden K, Liew L, Chai W, Childs RA, Saouros S, Simpson P, Roque Barreira MC, Feizi T, Soldati-Favre D, Matthews Set al., 2012, Galactose Recognition by the Apicomplexan Parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 287, Pages: 16720-16733

Journal article

Liu Y, Childs RA, Palma AS, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Stoll MS, Chai W, Feizi Tet al., 2012, Neoglycolipid-Based Oligosaccharide Microarray System: Preparation of NGLs and Their Noncovalent Immobilization on Nitrocellulose-Coated Glass Slides for Microarray Analyses, Methods Mol.Biol., Vol: 808, Pages: 117-136

Carbohydrate microarrays, since their advent in 2002, are revolutionizing studies of the molecular basis of protein-carbohydrate interactions both in endogenous recognition systems and pathogen-host interactions. We have developed a unique carbohydrate microarray system based on the neoglycolipid (NGL) technology, a well-validated microscale approach for generating lipid-tagged oligosaccharide probes for use in carbohydrate recognition studies. This chapter provides an overview of the principles and key features of the NGL-based oligosaccharide microarrays, and describes in detail the basic techniques - from the preparation of NGL probes to the generation of microarrays using robotic arraying hardware, as well as a general protocol for probing the microarrays with carbohydrate-binding proteins

Journal article

Palma AS, Zhang Y, Childs RA, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Liu Y, Feizi T, Chai Wet al., 2012, Neoglycolipid-Based "Designer" Oligosaccharide Microarrays to Define beta-Glucan Ligands for Dectin-1, Methods Mol.Biol., Vol: 808, Pages: 337-359

In this chapter, we describe the key steps of the "designer" oligosaccharide microarray approach we followed to prove the carbohydrate binding activity and define the oligosaccharide ligands for Dectin-1, an atypical C-type lectin-like signaling receptor of the mammalian innate immune system with a key role in anti-fungal immunity. The term "designer" microarray, which we introduced in the course of the Dectin-1 study refers to a microarray of oligosaccharide probes generated from ligand-bearing glycoconjugates to reveal the oligosaccharide ligands they harbor, so that these can be isolated and characterized. Oligosaccharide probes were generated from two polysaccharides, one that was bound by Dectin-1 and known to be rich in beta1,3-glucose sequence and another that was not bound and was rich in beta1,6-glucose sequence and served as a negative control. The approach involved: classic ELISA-type binding assays to select the polysaccharides; partial depolymerization of the polysaccharides by chemical hydrolysis; fractionation by size of the glucan oligosaccharides obtained and determination of their chain lengths by mass spectrometry; detection of Dectin-1 ligand-positive and ligand-negative oligosaccharides using the neoglycolipid (NGL) technology; methylation analysis of oligosaccharides to derive glucose linkage information, and incorporation of the newly generated glucan oligosaccharide probes into microarrays encompassing diverse mammalian-type and exogenous sequences for microarray analysis of Dectin-1

Journal article

Wang Y, Yu G, Han Z, Yang B, Hu Y, Zhao X, Wu J, Lv Y, Chai Wet al., 2011, Specificities of <i>Ricinus communis</i> agglutinin 120 interaction with sulfated galactose, FEBS LETTERS, Vol: 585, Pages: 3927-3934, ISSN: 0014-5793

Journal article

Chen S, Ye X, Xue C, Li G, Wang J, Yu G, Yin L, Chai Wet al., 2011, Selective Mild Acid Hydrolysis and Structure of a Novel Fucan from Sea Cucumber, as well as Antithrombotic Activity, Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1501-1502, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Chen S, Liu D, Li G, Xue C, Chai Wet al., 2011, Comparison of Structure and Bioactivity of Two Sea Cucumber Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates with Slight Difference in Sulfation of Fucose Branches, Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1502-1502, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Kaiser H-J, Orlowski A, Rog T, Nyholm TKM, Chai W, Feizi T, Lingwood D, Vattulainen I, Simons Ket al., 2011, Lateral sorting in model membranes by cholesterol-mediated hydrophobic matching, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 108, Pages: 16628-16633, ISSN: 0027-8424

Journal article

Liu Y, Lai L, Bumstead J, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Blake DP, Palma AS, Chai W, Ferguson DJ, Simpson P, Feizi T, Tomley FM, Matthews Set al., 2011, The Role of Sialyl Glycan Recognition in Host Tissue Tropism of the Avian Parasite Eimeria tenella, PLoS Pathog, Vol: 7

Eimeria spp. are a highly successful group of intracellular protozoan parasites that develop within intestinal epithelial cells of poultry, causing coccidiosis. As a result of resistance against anticoccidial drugs and the expense of manufacturing live vaccines, it is necessary to understand the relationship between Eimeria and its host more deeply, with a view to developing recombinant vaccines. Eimeria possesses a family of microneme lectins (MICs) that contain microneme adhesive repeat regions (MARR). We show that the major MARR protein from Eimeria tenella, EtMIC3, is deployed at the parasite-host interface during the early stages of invasion. EtMIC3 consists of seven tandem MAR1-type domains, which possess a high specificity for sialylated glycans as shown by cell-based assays and carbohydrate microarray analyses. The restricted tissue staining pattern observed for EtMIC3 in the chicken caecal epithelium indicates that EtMIC3 contributes to guiding the parasite to the site of invasion in the chicken gut. The microarray analyses also reveal a lack of recognition of glycan sequences terminating in the N-glycolyl form of sialic acid by EtMIC3. Thus the parasite is well adapted to the avian host which lacks N-glycolyl neuraminic acid. We provide new structural insight into the MAR1 family of domains and reveal the atomic resolution basis for the sialic acid-based carbohydrate recognition. Finally, a preliminary chicken immunization trial provides evidence that recombinant EtMIC3 protein and EtMIC3 DNA are effective vaccine candidates

Journal article

Han Z-R, Wang Y-F, Liu X, Wu J-D, Cao H, Zhao X, Chai W-G, Yu G-Let al., 2011, Fluorescent Labeling of Several Gycosaminoglycans and Their Interaction with Anti-Chondroitin Sulfate Antibody, CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 39, Pages: 1352-1357, ISSN: 0253-3820

Journal article

Palma AS, Liu Y, Childs RA, Herbert C, Wang D, Chai W, Feizi Tet al., 2011, The human epithelial carcinoma antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody AE3 is expressed on a sulfoglycolipid in addition to neoplastic mucins, Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun., Vol: 408, Pages: 548-552

The term human epithelial carcinoma antigen (HCA) has been applied collectively to mucin-type high molecular weight (>1000kDa) glycoproteins that are over-expressed in epithelial cancers. Since the 1990s, over 40 monoclonal antibodies have been raised that recognize HCA. There has been evidence that the antigenic determinants are mostly carbohydrates, but details have been elusive. Here we have carried out carbohydrate microarray analyses of one of the monoclonal antibodies, AE3, that has been regarded the 'most carcinoma specific' in respect to its ability to detect HCA in sera of patients with epithelial cancers. The microarrays encompassed a series of 492 sequence-defined glycan probes in the form of glycolipids and neoglycolipids. We have thus established that the antigen recognized by antibody AE3 is a carbohydrate sequence distinct from the A, B, H, Lewis(a/b), Lewis(x/y) and T antigens, but that it is strongly expressed on the monosulfated tetra-glycosyl ceramide, SM1a, Galbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-4(3-O-sulfate)Galbeta1-4GlcCer. This is the first report of an anti-HCA to be characterized with respect to its recognition sequence and of the occurrence of the antigen on a glycolipid as well as on glycoproteins. Knowledge of a discrete glycan sequence as target antigen now opens the way to its exploration as a serologic cancer biomarker, namely to determine if the antigen elicits an autoantibody response in early non-metastatic cancer, or if it is shed and immunochemically detectable in more advanced disease

Journal article

Wang Y, Yu G, Han Z, Wu J, Zhao X, Chai Wet al., 2011, Interaction of Agarose-based Oligosaccharides with Agglutinin RCA<sub>120</sub> Using Glycochip Technology, ACTA CHIMICA SINICA, Vol: 69, Pages: 955-959, ISSN: 0567-7351

Journal article

Chen S, Xue C, Yin L, Tang Q, Yu G, Chai Wet al., 2011, Comparison of structures and anticoagulant activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from different sea cucumbers, CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS, Vol: 83, Pages: 688-696, ISSN: 0144-8617

Journal article

Han ZR, Wang YF, Liu X, Wu JD, Cao H, Zhao X, Chai WG, Yu GLet al., 2011, Fluorescent labeling of several glycosaminoglycans and their interaction with anti-chondroitin sulfate antibody, Fenxi Huaxue/ Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol: 39, Pages: 1352-1357

The amino groups of aminofluorescein were covalently linked to the carboxyl groups of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs; heparin, heparan sulfate, and the chondroitin sulfates A, B, C, D and E) using 1-ethyl-3-(1,3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide as the catalytic reagents, and fluorescently labeled GAGs were obtained separately. The fluorescently labeled GAGs were transferred onto nitrocellulose-coated glass chips with a manual microarrayer. The retention rate of GAGs on the nitrocellulose membrane after washing was calculated, and their interactions with monoclonal anti-chondroitin sulfate antibody (clone number CS-56) were further studied. The experimental results showed that the retention rates were apparently different between the GAGs and of the order chondroitin sulfate E (51.7%) > chondroitin sulfate A (19.5%) > heparan sulfate (16.4%) > heparin (14.1%) > chondroitin sulfate B (12.3%) > chondroitin sulfate D (10.8%) > chondroitin sulfate C (10.7%). The interaction of GAGs with CS-56 was scientifically compared according to their retention rates on nitrocellulose-carbohydrate chips, and after quantitative calculation, the binding ability of the GAGs to CS-56 is of the order chondroitin sulfate C > D > A > E; furthermore, chondroitin sulfate B, heparin, and heparan sulfate did not show any interaction with CS-56. Copyright © 2011, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Journal article

Yu G, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song L, Wang P, Chai Wet al., 2010, Effect and limitation of excess ammonium on the release of O-glycans in reducing forms from glycoproteins under mild alkaline conditions for glycomic and functional analysis., Anal Chem, Vol: 82, Pages: 9534-9542

Ammonium-based alkali-catalyzed β-elimination under nonreducing conditions was investigated in detail for the stability of the released mucin-type O-glycan chains with β1,3-linked cores. In contrast to the previously studied β1,4-linkage of the N-glycan-type, which was shown to be stable under the ammonium-based alkaline conditions, the β1,3-linkage is labile toward alkaline treatment and considerable peeling was observed with both model heptasaccharides and standard glycoproteins. The former include eight reducing glucoheptasaccharides with different and commonly occurring linkages (α1,2-, β1,2-, α1,3-, β1,3-, α1,4-, β1,4-, α1,6-, and β1,6-linkages), and the latter include mucin-type bovine submaxillary mucin and bovine fetuin, which contains both O- and N-glycans. The results indicated that complete prevention of peeling under nonreducing alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis conditions remains difficult. The yields of released O- and N-glycans were also assessed by use of the two glycoproteins as models. Compared with conventional procedures, Carlson degradation for O-glycan release and PNGase F digestion for N-glycan release, the nonreducing ammonium-based alkaline hydrolysis gave lower yields. Great care has to be taken when employing such nonreducing alkaline conditions in glycomic analysis and in obtaining glycoprotein glycans for functional studies.

Journal article

Yu G, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song L, Wang P, Chai Wet al., 2010, Effect and Limitation of Excess Ammonium on the Release of O-Glycans in Reducing Forms from Glycoproteins under Mild Alkaline Conditions for Glycomic and Functional Analysis, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 82, Pages: 9534-9542, ISSN: 0003-2700

Journal article

Childs R, Liu Y, Palma A, Chai W, Wharton S, Kiso M, Matrosovich T, Matrosovich M, Hay A, Feizi Tet al., 2010, Observations on Receptor-Binding by Influenza Viruses using the Neoglycolipid (NGL)-Based Carbohydrate Microarray System, Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1529-1529, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Palma A, Liu Y, Muhle-Goll C, Takeda Y, Childs R, Chai W, Ito Y, Feizi Tet al., 2010, Neoglycolipid (NGL)-Based Microarrays Toward Defining the Recognition Sequence for Malectin: An ER-Resident Potential Regulator of <i>N</i>-Glycan Processing, Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Pages: 1510-1511, ISSN: 0959-6658

Conference paper

Liu Y, Childs RA, Matrosovich T, Wharton S, Palma AS, Chai W, Daniels R, Gregory V, Uhlendorff J, Kiso M, Klenk HD, Hay A, Feizi T, Matrosovich Met al., 2010, Altered receptor specificity and cell tropism of D222G hemagglutinin mutants isolated from fatal cases of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza virus, J.Virol., Vol: 84, Pages: 12069-12074

Mutations in the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 viruses have been detected sporadically. An Asp222Gly (D222G) substitution has been associated with severe or fatal disease. Here we show that 222G variants infected a higher proportion of ciliated cells in cultures of human airway epithelium than did viruses with 222D or 222E, which targeted mainly nonciliated cells. Carbohydrate microarray analyses showed that 222G variants bind a broader range of alpha2-3-linked sialyl receptor sequences of a type expressed on ciliated bronchial epithelial cells and on epithelia within the lung. These features of 222G mutants may contribute to exacerbation of disease

Journal article

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