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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Mangeon S, Field R, Fromm M, McHugh C, Voulgarakis Aet al., 2016,

  Satellite versus ground-based estimates of burned area: A comparison between MODIS based burned area and fire agency reports over North America in 2007

  , ANTHROPOCENE REVIEW, Vol: 3, Pages: 76-92, ISSN: 2053-0196
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  • Citations: 6
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Parfitt R, Czaja A, 2016,

  On the contribution of synoptic transients to the mean atmospheric state in the Gulf Stream region

  , QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 142, Pages: 1554-1561, ISSN: 0035-9009
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  • Citations: 11
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Arridge CS, Eastwood JP, Jackman CM, Poh G-K, Slavin JA, Thomsen MF, Andre N, Jia X, Kidder A, Lamy L, Radioti A, Reisenfeld DB, Sergis N, Volwerk M, Walsh AP, Zarka P, Coates AJ, Dougherty MKet al., 2016,

  Cassini in situ observations of long-duration magnetic reconnection in Saturn's magnetotail

  , NATURE PHYSICS, Vol: 12, Pages: 268-271, ISSN: 1745-2473
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  • Citations: 20
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Phan TD, Shay MA, Eastwood JP, Angelopoulos V, Oieroset M, Oka M, Fujimoto Met al., 2016,

  Establishing the Context for Reconnection Diffusion Region Encounters and Strategies for the Capture and Transmission of Diffusion Region Burst Data by MMS

  , Space Science Reviews, Vol: 199, Pages: 631-650, ISSN: 0038-6308

  © 2015, The Author(s). This paper describes the efforts of our Inter-Disciplinary Scientist (IDS) team to (a) establish the large-scale context for reconnection diffusion region encounters by MMS at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail, including the distinction between X-line and O-line encounters, that would help the identification of diffusion regions in spacecraft data, and (b) devise possible strategies that can be used by MMS to capture and transmit burst data associated with diffusion region candidates. At the magnetopause we suggest the strategy of transmitting burst data from all magnetopause crossings so that no magnetopause reconnection diffusion regions encountered by the spacecraft will be missed. The strategy is made possible by the MMS mass memory and downlink budget. In the magnetotail, it is estimated that MMS will be able to transmit burst data for all diffusion regions, all reconnection jet fronts (a.k.a. dipolarization fronts) and separatrix encounters, but less than 50 % of reconnection exhausts encountered by the spacecraft. We also discuss automated burst trigger schemes that could capture various reconnection-related phenomena. The identification of candidate diffusion region encounters by the burst trigger schemes will be verified and improved by a Scientist-In-The-Loop (SITL). With the knowledge of the properties of the region surrounding the diffusion region and the combination of automated burst triggers and further optimization by the SITL, MMS should be able to capture most diffusion regions it encounters.

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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Beth A, Garnier P, Toublanc D, Dandouras I, Mazelle Cet al., 2016,

  Theory for planetary exospheres: I. Radiation pressure effect on dynamical trajectories

  , ICARUS, Vol: 266, Pages: 410-422, ISSN: 0019-1035
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  • Citations: 1
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Beth A, Garnier P, Toublanc D, Dandouras I, Mazelle Cet al., 2016,

  Theory for planetary exospheres: II. Radiation pressure effect on exospheric density profiles

  , ICARUS, Vol: 266, Pages: 423-432, ISSN: 0019-1035
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  • Citations: 4
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Vanniere B, Czaja A, Dacre H, Woollings T, Parfitt Ret al., 2016,

  A potential vorticity signature for the cold sector of winter extratropical cyclones

  , QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 142, Pages: 432-442, ISSN: 0035-9009
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  • Citations: 7
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Badman SV, Provan G, Bunce EJ, Mitchell DG, Melin H, Cowley SWH, Radioti A, Kurth WS, Pryor WR, Nichols JD, Jinks SL, Stallard TS, Brown RH, Baines KH, Dougherty MKet al., 2016,

  Saturn's auroral morphology and field-aligned currents during a solar wind compression

  , ICARUS, Vol: 263, Pages: 83-93, ISSN: 0019-1035
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  • Citations: 11
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Gurnett DA, Lamy L, Dougherty MK, Nichols J, Bunce EJ, Pryor W, Baines K, Stallard T, Melin H, Crary FJet al., 2016,

  Saturn kilometric radiation intensities during the Saturn auroral campaign of 2013

  , ICARUS, Vol: 263, Pages: 2-9, ISSN: 0019-1035
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  • Citations: 4
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Odelstad E, Eriksson AI, Edberg NJT, Johansson F, Vigren E, Andre M, Tzou C-Y, Carr C, Cupido Eet al., 2015,

  Evolution of the plasma environment of comet 67P from spacecraft potential measurements by the Rosetta Langmuir probe instrument

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 10126-10134, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 40
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Nilsson H, Wieser GS, Behar E, Wedlund CS, Kallio E, Gunell H, Edberg NJT, Eriksson AI, Yamauchi M, Koenders C, Wieser M, Lundin R, Barabash S, Mandt K, Burch JL, Goldstein R, Mokashi P, Carr C, Cupido E, Fox PT, Szego K, Nemeth Z, Fedorovn A, Sauvaud J-A, Koskinen H, Richter I, Lebreton J-P, Henri P, Volwerk M, Vallat C, Geiger Bet al., 2015,

  Evolution of the ion environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 583, ISSN: 1432-0746
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  • Citations: 53
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Walker SN, Balikhin MA, Shklyar DR, Yearby KH, Canu P, Carr CM, Dandouras Iet al., 2015,

  Experimental determination of the dispersion relation of magnetosonic waves

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 120, Pages: 9632-9650, ISSN: 2169-9380
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  • Citations: 14
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Hietala H, Drake JF, Phan TD, Eastwood JP, McFadden JPet al., 2015,

  Ion temperature anisotropy across a magnetotail reconnection jet

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 7239-7247, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 31
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Pilkington NM, Achilleos N, Arridge CS, Guio P, Masters A, Ray LC, Sergis N, Thomsen MF, Coates AJ, Dougherty MKet al., 2015,

  Asymmetries observed in Saturn's magnetopause geometry

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 6890-6898, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 8
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Auster H-U, Apathy I, Berghofer G, Fornacon K-H, Remizov A, Carr C, Guttler C, Haerendel G, Heinisch P, Hercik D, Hilchenbach M, Kuhrt E, Magnes W, Motschmann U, Richter I, Russell CT, Przyklenk A, Schwingenschuh K, Sierks H, Glassmeier K-Het al., 2015,

  The nonmagnetic nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

  , Science, Vol: 349, Pages: aaa5102-aaa5102, ISSN: 0036-8075
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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Voulgarakis A, Marlier ME, Faluvegi G, Shindell DT, Tsigaridis K, Mangeon Set al., 2015,

  Interannual variability of tropospheric trace gases and aerosols: The role of biomass burning emissions

  , Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol: 120, Pages: 7157-7173, ISSN: 2169-897X

  Fires are responsible for a range of gaseous and aerosol emissions. However, their influence onthe interannual variability of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols has not been systematically investigatedfrom a global perspective. We examine biomass burning emissions as a driver of interannual variability oflarge-scale abundances of short-lived constituents such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydroxyl radicals (OH),ozone, and aerosols using the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE composition-climate model and arange of observations, with an emphasis on satellite information. Our model captures the observed variabilityof the constituents examined in most cases, but with substantial underestimates in boreal regions. Thestrongest interannual variability on a global scale is found for carbon monoxide (~10% for its global annualburden), while the lowest is found for tropospheric ozone (~1% for its global annual burden). Regionally,aerosol optical depth shows the largest variability which exceeds 50%. Areas of strong variability of bothaerosols and CO include the tropical land regions (especially Equatorial Asia and South America) and northernhigh latitudes, while even regions in the northern midlatitudes experience substantial interannual variability ofaerosols. Ozone variability peaks over equatorial Asia in boreal autumn, partly due to varying biomass burningemissions, and over the western and central Pacific in the rest of the year, mainly due to meteorologicalfluctuations. We find that biomass burning emissions are almost entirely responsible for global CO interannualvariability, and similarly important for OH variability. The same is true for global and regional aerosol variability,especially when not taking into account dust and sea-salt particles. We show that important implications canarise from such interannual influences for regional climate and air quality

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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Balikhin MA, Shprits YY, Walker SN, Chen L, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Dandouras I, Santolik O, Carr C, Yearby KH, Weiss Bet al., 2015,

  Observations of discrete harmonics emerging from equatorial noise.

  , Nature Communications, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2041-1723

  A number of modes of oscillations of particles and fields can exist in space plasmas. Since the early 1970s, space missions have observed noise-like plasma waves near the geomagnetic equator known as 'equatorial noise'. Several theories were suggested, but clear observational evidence supported by realistic modelling has not been provided. Here we report on observations by the Cluster mission that clearly show the highly structured and periodic pattern of these waves. Very narrow-banded emissions at frequencies corresponding to exact multiples of the proton gyrofrequency (frequency of gyration around the field line) from the 17th up to the 30th harmonic are observed, indicating that these waves are generated by the proton distributions. Simultaneously with these coherent periodic structures in waves, the Cluster spacecraft observes 'ring' distributions of protons in velocity space that provide the free energy for the waves. Calculated wave growth based on ion distributions shows a very similar pattern to the observations.

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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Edberg NJT, Eriksson AI, Odelstad E, Henri P, Lebreton J-P, Gasc S, Rubin M, Andre M, Gill R, Johansson EPG, Johansson F, Vigren E, Wahlund JE, Carr CM, Cupido E, Glassmeier K-H, Goldstein R, Koenders C, Mandt K, Nemeth Z, Nilsson H, Richter I, Wieser GS, Szego K, Volwerk Met al., 2015,

  Spatial distribution of low-energy plasma around comet 67P/CG from Rosetta measurements

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 4263-4269, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 48
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Voulgarakis A, Field RD, 2015,

  Fire Influences on Atmospheric Composition, Air Quality and Climate

  , CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS, Vol: 1, Pages: 70-81, ISSN: 2198-6592
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  • Citations: 11
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Dunlop MW, Yang J-Y, Yang Y-Y, Xiong C, Lühr H, Bogdanova YV, Shen C, Olsen N, Zhang Q-H, Cao J-B, Fu H-S, Liu W-L, Carr CM, Ritter P, Masson A, Haagmans Ret al., 2015,

  Simultaneous field-aligned currents at Swarm and Cluster satellites

  , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 42, Pages: 3683-3691, ISSN: 1944-8007

  We show for the first time, with direct, multispacecraft calculations of electric current density, and other methods, matched signatures of field-aligned currents (FACs) sampled simultaneously near the ionosphere at low (~500 km altitude) orbit and in the magnetosphere at medium (~2.5 RE altitude) orbits using a particular Swarm and Cluster conjunction. The Cluster signatures are interpreted and ordered through joint mapping of the ground/magnetospheric footprints and estimation of the auroral zone boundaries (taken as indication of the boundaries of Region 1 and Region 2 currents). We find clear evidence of both small-scale and large-scale FACs and clear matching of the behavior and structure of the large-scale currents at both Cluster and Swarm. The methodology is made possible through the joint operations of Cluster and Swarm, which contain, in the first several months of Swarm operations, a number of close three-spacecraft configurations.

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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Eriksson S, Lapenta G, Newman DL, Phan TD, Gosling JT, Lavraud B, Khotyaintsev YV, Carr CM, Markidis S, Goldman MVet al., 2015,

  ON MULTIPLE RECONNECTION X-LINES AND TRIPOLAR PERTURBATIONS OF STRONG GUIDE MAGNETIC FIELDS

  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 805, ISSN: 0004-637X
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  • Citations: 10
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Eastwood JP, Hietala H, Toth G, Phan TD, Fujimoto Met al., 2015,

  What Controls the Structure and Dynamics of Earth's Magnetosphere?

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 188, Pages: 251-286, ISSN: 0038-6308
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  • Citations: 16
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Czaja A, Marshall J, 2015,

  Why is there net surface heating over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current?

  , OCEAN DYNAMICS, Vol: 65, Pages: 751-760, ISSN: 1616-7341
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  • Citations: 2
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Balogh A, Bykov A, Eastwood J, Kaastra Jet al., 2015,

  Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 188, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 0038-6308
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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Hu F, Sun J, Brindley HE, Liang X, Lucyszyn Set al., 2015,

  Systems Analysis for Thermal Infrared 'THz Torch' Applications

  , Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Vol: 36, Pages: 474-495, ISSN: 1866-6892

  The ‘THz Torch’ concept was recently introduced by the authors for providing secure wireless communications over short distances within the thermal infrared (10-100 THz). Unlike conventional systems, thermal infrared can exploit front-end thermodynamics with engineered blackbody radiation. For the first time, a detailed power link budget analysis is given for this new form of wireless link. The mathematical modeling of a short end-to-end link is provided, which integrates thermodynamics into conventional signal and noise power analysis. As expected from the Friis formula for noise, it is found that the noise contribution from the pyroelectric detector dominates intrinsic noise. From output signal and noise voltage measurements, experimental values for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are obtained and compared with calculated predictions. As with conventional communications systems, it is shown for the first time that the measured SNR and measured bit error rate found with this thermodynamics-based system resembles classical empirical models. Our system analysis can serve as an invaluable tool for the development of thermal infrared systems, accurately characterizing each individual channel and, thus, enables the performance of multi-channel ‘THz Torch’ systems to be optimized.

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• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Nazarenko L, Schmidt GA, Miller RL, Tausnev N, Kelley M, Ruedy R, Russell GL, Aleinov I, Bauer M, Bauer S, Bleck R, Canuto V, Cheng Y, Clune TL, Del Genio AD, Faluvegi G, Hansen JE, Healy RJ, Kiang NY, Koch D, Lacis AA, LeGrande AN, Lerner J, Lo KK, Menon S, Oinas V, Perlwitz J, Puma MJ, Rind D, Romanou A, Sato M, Shindell DT, Sun S, Tsigaridis K, Unger N, Voulgarakis A, Yao M-S, Zhang Jet al., 2015,

  Future climate change under RCP emission scenarios with GISS ModelE2

  , JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS, Vol: 7, Pages: 244-267, ISSN: 1942-2466
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  • Citations: 31
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Brindley H, Bantges R, Russell J, Murray J, Dancel C, Belotti C, Harries Jet al., 2015,

  Spectral Signatures of Earth's Climate Variability over 5 Years from IASI

  , JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, Vol: 28, Pages: 1649-1660, ISSN: 0894-8755
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  • Citations: 3
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Nilsson H, Wieser GS, Behar E, Wedlund CS, Gunell H, Yamauchi M, Lundin R, Barabash S, Wieser M, Carr C, Cupido E, Burch JL, Fedorov A, Sauvaud J-A, Koskinen H, Kallio E, Lebreton J-P, Eriksson A, Edberg N, Goldstein R, Henri P, Koenders C, Mokashi P, Nemeth Z, Richter I, Szego K, Volwerk M, Vallat C, Rubin Met al., 2015,

  Birth of a comet magnetosphere: A spring of water ions

  , SCIENCE, Vol: 347, ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • Citations: 61
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Archer MO, Horbury TS, Brown P, Eastwood JP, Oddy TM, Whiteside BJ, Sample JGet al., 2015,

  The MAGIC of CINEMA: first in-flight science results from a miniaturised anisotropic magnetoresistive magnetometer

  , ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE, Vol: 33, Pages: 725-735, ISSN: 0992-7689
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  • Citations: 5
• JOURNAL ARTICLE
  Osipov S, Stenchikov G, Brindley H, Banks Jet al., 2015,

  Diurnal cycle of the dust instantaneous direct radiative forcing over the Arabian Peninsula

  , ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Vol: 15, Pages: 9537-9553, ISSN: 1680-7316
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  • Citations: 13

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