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  • Journal article
    Cheng MH, Khosla KE, Self CN, Lin M, Li BX, Medina AC, Kim MSet al., 2025,

    Clifford circuit initialization for variational quantum algorithms

    , Physical Review A, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2469-9926

    We present an initialization method for variational quantum algorithms applicable to intermediate-scale quantum computers. The method explores the efficiently classically simulable Clifford points of a parameterized quantum circuit, using simulated annealing to find a low-energy initial state. We provide numerical evidence of the effectiveness of the technique for different choices of the Hamiltonian structure, number of qubits, and circuit depth. While a number of problems are considered, we note that the method is particularly useful for quantum chemistry problems, for which it is able to capture long-range correlation energy. The presented method could help achieve a quantum advantage in noisy or fault-tolerant intermediate-scale devices by preparing a high-quality initial state.
  • Journal article
    Etrych J, Martirosyan G, Cao A, Ho CJ, Hadzibabic Z, Eigen Cet al., 2025,

    Universal Quantum Dynamics of Bose Polarons

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW X, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2160-3308
  • Journal article
    Leonhardt M, Schweitzer S, Abbass F, Anjum KK, Arndt B, Erlewein S, Endo S, Geissler P, Imamura T, Jager JI, Latacz BM, Micke P, Voelksen F, Yildiz H, Blaum K, Devlin J, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Soter A, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S, Smorra Cet al., 2025,

    Proton transport from the antimatter factory of CERN

    , Nature, ISSN: 0028-0836

    Precision measurements using low-energy antiprotons, exclusively available at the antimatter factory (AMF) of CERN1, offer stringent tests of charge–parity–time (CPT) invariance, which is a fundamental symmetry in the Standard Model of particle physics2. These tests have been realized, for example, in antiprotonic helium3 and antihydrogen4. In our cryogenic Penning-trap experiments5, we measure the magnetic moments6,7 and charge-to-mass ratios of protons and antiprotons and now provide the most precise test of CPT invariance in the baryon sector8. Our experiments are limited by magnetic field fluctuations imposed by the decelerators in the AMF; therefore, we are advancing the relocation of antiprotons to dedicated precision laboratories. Here we present the successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the AMF using BASE-STEP9—a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments. We transferred the trapped protons from our experimental area at the AMF onto a truck and transported them across the Meyrin site of CERN, demonstrating autonomous operation without external power for 4 h and loss-free proton relocation. We thereby confirm the feasibility of transferring particles into low-noise laboratories in the vicinity of the AMF and of using a power generator on the truck10 to reach laboratories throughout Europe. This marks the potential start of a new era in precision antimatter research, enabling low-noise measurements of antiprotons, the charged antimatter ions H+11 and H-2 (ref. 12), and other accelerator-produced ions, such as hydrogen-like lead or uranium ions13,14.
  • Journal article
    Li H, Xie J, Kwon H, Zhao Y, Kim M, Zhang Let al., 2025,

    Experimental demonstration of generalized quantum fluctuation theorems in the presence of coherence

    , Science Advances, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2375-2548

    Fluctuation theorems have elevated the second law of thermodynamics to a statistical realm by establishing a connection between time-forward and time-reversal probabilities, providing invaluable insight into nonequilibrium dynamics. While well established in classical systems, their quantum generalization, incorporating coherence and the diversity of quantum noise, remains open. We report the experimental validation of a quantum fluctuation theorem (QFT) in a photonic system, applicable to general quantum processes with nonclassical characteristics, including quasi-probabilistic descriptions of entropy production and multiple time-reversal processes. Our experiment confirms that the ratio between the quasi-probabilities of the time-forward and any multiple time-reversal processes obeys a generalized Crooks QFT. Moreover, coherence induced by a quantum process leads to the imaginary components of quantum entropy production, governing the phase factor in the QFT. These findings underscore the fundamental symmetry between a general quantum process and its time reversal, providing an elementary toolkit to explore noisy quantum information processing.
  • Journal article
    Alexander O, Ayuso D, Matthews M, Rego L, Tisch JWG, Weaver B, Marangos JPet al., 2025,

    Attosecond physics and technology

    , APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol: 126, ISSN: 0003-6951
  • Journal article
    Morris SJ, Ho CJ, Fischer SM, Etrych J, Martirosyan G, Hadzibabic Z, Eigen Cet al., 2025,

    Scaling laws governing the collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW A, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2469-9926
  • Journal article
    Abdalla A, Abe M, Abend S, Abidi M, Aidelsburger M, Alibabaei A, Allard B, Antoniadis J, Arduini G, Augst N, Balamatsias P, Balaž A, Banks H, Barcklay RL, Barone M, Barsanti M, Bason MG, Bassi A, Bayle J-B, Baynham CFA, Beaufils Q, Beldjoudi S, Belić A, Bennetts S, Bernabeu J, Bertoldi A, Bigard C, Bigelow NP, Bingham R, Blas D, Bobrick A, Boehringer S, Bogojević A, Bongs K, Bortoletto D, Bouyer P, Brand C, Buchmueller O, Buica G, Calatroni S, Calmels L, Canizares P, Canuel B, Caramete A, Caramete L-I, Carlesso M, Carlton J, Carman SP, Carroll A, Casariego M, Chairetis M, Charmandaris V, Chauhan U, Chen J, Chiofalo MLM, Ciampini D, Cimbri A, Cladé P, Coleman J, Constantin FL, Contaldi CR, Corgier R, Dash B, Davies GJ, de Rham C, De Roeck A, Derr D, Dey S, Di Pumpo F, Djordjevic GS, Döbrich B, Dornan P, Doser M, Drougakis G, Dunningham J, Duspayev A, Easo S, Eby J, Efremov M, Elertas G, Ellis J, Entin N, Fairhurst S, Fanì M, Fassi F, Fayet P, Felea D, Feng J, Flack R, Foot C, Freegarde T, Fuchs E, Gaaloul N, Gao D, Gardner S, Garraway BM, GarridoAlzar CL, Gauguet A, Giese E, Gill P, Giudice GF, Glasbrenner EP, Glick J, Graham PW, Granados E, Griffin PF, Gué J, Guellati-Khelifa S, Gupta S, Gupta V, Hackermueller L, Haehnelt M, Hakulinen T, Hammerer K, Hanımeli ET, Harte T, Hartmann S, Hawkins L, Hees A, Herbst A, Hird TM, Hobson R, Hogan J, Holst B, Holynski M, Hosten O, Hsu CC, Huang WC-W, Hughes KM, Hussain K, Hütsi G, Iovino A, Isfan M-C, Janson G, Jeglič P, Jetzer P, Jiang Y, Juzeliūnas G, Kaenders W, Kalliokoski M, Kehagias A, Kilian E, Klempt C, Knight P, Koley S, Konrad B, Kovachy T, Krutzik M, Kumar M, Kumar P, Labiad H, Lan S-Y, Landragin A, Landsberg G, Langlois M, Lanigan B, Leone B, Le Poncin-Lafitte C, Lellouch S, Lewicki M, Lien Y-H, Lombriser L, Asamar EL, Lopez-Gonzalez JL, Lu C, Luciano GG, Lundblad N, de JLópezMonjaraz C, Lowe A, Mackoit-Sinkevičienė M, Maggiore M, Majumdar A, Makris K, Maleknejad A, Marchant AL, Mariotti A, Markou C, Matthews Bet al., 2025,

    Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: summary of the second workshop

    , EPJ Quantum Technology, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2196-0763

    This summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry (TVLBAI) Workshop provides a comprehensive overview of our meeting held in London in April 2024 (Second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, Imperial College, April 2024), building on the initial discussions during the inaugural workshop held at CERN in March 2023 (First Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop, CERN, March 2023). Like the summary of the first workshop (Abend et al. in AVS Quantum Sci. 6:024701, 2024), this document records a critical milestone for the international atom interferometry community. It documents our concerted efforts to evaluate progress, address emerging challenges, and refine strategic directions for future large-scale atom interferometry projects. Our commitment to collaboration is manifested by the integration of diverse expertise and the coordination of international resources, all aimed at advancing the frontiers of atom interferometry physics and technology, as set out in a Memorandum of Understanding signed by over 50 institutions (Memorandum of Understanding for the Terrestrial Very Long Baseline Atom Interferometer Study).
  • Journal article
    Thielemann F, Siemund J, von Schoenfeld D, Wu W, Weckesser P, Jachymski K, Walker T, Schaetz Tet al., 2025,

    Exploring Atom-Ion Feshbach Resonances below the s-Wave Limit

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW X, Vol: 15, ISSN: 2160-3308
  • Journal article
    Allegre H, Broughton JJ, Klee T, Li Y, Kowalczyk KM, Thatte N, Lim D, Marangos JP, Matthews MM, Tisch JWGet al., 2025,

    Extension of high-harmonic generation cutoff in solids to 50 eV using MgO

    , OPTICS LETTERS, Vol: 50, Pages: 1492-1495, ISSN: 0146-9592
  • Journal article
    Klee T, Mukherjee R, Broughton JJ, Ferchaud C, Brahms C, Travers JC, Mintert F, Tisch JWGet al., 2025,

    Bayesian optimization of resonant dispersive wave generation in hollow capillary fibers

    , Optics Express, Vol: 33, ISSN: 1094-4087

    Resonant dispersive wave (RDW) generation in hollow capillary fibers (HCFs) is a powerful technique for producing ultrashort light pulses in the deep ultraviolet range, which are important for ultrafast spectroscopy and material processing. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics governing this process and the large associated parameter space make it challenging to achieve optimal RDW pulses with the highest peak power. In this study, Bayesian optimization (BO) is coupled with the open source Luna.jl simulation framework to optimize the HCF and pump pulse paramters for less than 5 femtosecond (fs) RDW generation at a target wavelength of 200 nm. Temporally non-structured RDW were consistently identified with peak powers of up to 14 GW, exceeding experimentally published values by up to 70 %. Furthermore, a subset of the RDW optima exhibited an energy stability that is better than that of the pump pulse. Given that this approach can be generalized to other RDW wavelengths, our findings suggest that BO is a valuable tool in developing HCF systems that support RDW generation tailored to a particular experimental need.
  • Journal article
    Cryer-Jenkins EA, Major KD, Clarke J, Enzian G, Szczykulska M, Zhang J, Gupta A, Leung AC, Rathee H, Svela AO, Tan AKC, Beige A, Molmer K, Vanner MRet al., 2025,

    Enhanced Laser Cooling of a Mechanical Resonator via Zero-Photon Detection

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 134, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Journal article
    Clarke J, Cryer-Jenkins EA, Gupta A, Major KD, Zhang J, Enzian G, Szczykulska M, Leung AC, Rathee H, Svela AO, Tan AKC, Beige A, Molmer K, Vanner MRet al., 2025,

    Theoretical framework for enhancing or enabling cooling of a mechanical resonator via the anti-Stokes or Stokes interaction and zero-photon detection

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW A, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2469-9926
  • Journal article
    Sun J, Vilchez-Estevez L, Vedral V, Boothroyd AT, Kim MSet al., 2025,

    Probing spectral features of quantum many-body systems with quantum simulators

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 16
  • Journal article
    Wang Y, Rodewald J, Lopez O, Manceau M, Darquie B, Sauer BE, Tarbutt MRet al., 2025,

    Wavelength modulation laser spectroscopy of N<sub>2</sub>O at 17 <i>μ</i>m

    , NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, Vol: 27, ISSN: 1367-2630
  • Journal article
    Wang P, Kwon H, Luan C-Y, Chen W, Qiao M, Zhou Z, Wang K, Kim MS, Kim Ket al., 2025,

    Snapshotting quantum dynamics at multiple time points (vol 15, 8900, 2024)

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 16
  • Conference paper
    White AD, Ainsworth A, Bahra D, Shah R, Sewell H, Kaushik A, Cotter JPet al., 2025,

    Quantum Sensing for Rail Positioning

    Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are critical to our daily lives and underpin numerous sectors including transport, finance, and defence. The estimated financial impact of GNSS failure for the UK is over £1bn per day [1]. In areas where GNSS cannot be used, inertial navigation provides an alternative to accurately position vehicles. For many applications, the drift in the classical accelerometers and gyroscopes that underpin inertial navigation systems limits the position accuracy that can be achieved.
  • Conference paper
    Rowley M, Webber-Date A, Osborn PF, Shah R, Krastev T, Cannon R, Griffin P, Riis E, Cotter J, Burrow O, Boughton Eet al., 2025,

    A Quantum-classical cold atom system for inertial navigation

    Global positioning and navigation using satellites has been a crucial part of modern infrastructure since the development of GPS in the 1970s, providing a positioning uncertainty less than 5 meters. However, such signals cannot be accessed underground or underwater and may be jammed or spoofed with relative ease. There remains, therefore, an important and practical need for precision navigation that does not rely on communication with an external source.
  • Journal article
    Cryer-Jenkins E, Leung A, Rathee H, Tan A, Major K, Vanner Met al., 2025,

    Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering in telecommunications optical fiber at millikelvin temperatures

    , APL Photonics, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2378-0967

    Brillouin–Mandelstam scattering is a strong and readily accessible optical nonlinearity, enabling a wide array of applications and research directions. For instance, the three-wave mixing process has been employed to great success in narrow-linewidth lasers, sensing applications, microscopy, and signal processing. While most of these avenues focus on room temperature operation, there is now increasing interest in cryogenic operation owing to the scattering mechanism’s significant potential for applications and fundamental physics at low temperatures. Here, we measure the Brillouin scattering spectrum in standard single-mode telecommunication optical fibers at millikelvin temperatures using a closed-cycle dilution refrigerator and optical heterodyne detection. Our experiments are performed with a cryostat temperature from 50 mK to 27 K, extending previously reported measurements that utilized liquid helium-4 cryostats with temperatures greater than 1 K. At millikelvin temperatures, our experiment observes coherent acoustic interactions with microscopic defects in the amorphous material—two-level-systems (TLSs)—which has not been previously observed in optical fibers. The measured behavior of the linewidth with temperature is in agreement with the well-established models of ultrasonic attenuation in amorphous materials comprising a background intrinsic scattering, thermally activated scattering, and incoherent and coherent TLS interactions. This work provides a foundation for a wide range of applications and further research, including sensing applications, new approaches to investigate TLS physics, and Brillouin-scattering-based quantum science and technology.
  • Conference paper
    White AD, Ainsworth A, Bahra D, Shah R, Sewell H, Kaushik A, Cotter JPet al., 2025,

    Quantum Sensing for Rail Positioning
  • Conference paper
    Rowley M, Webber-Date A, Osborn PF, Shah R, Krastev T, Cannon R, Griffin P, Riis E, Cotter J, Burrow O, Boughton Eet al., 2025,

    A Quantum-classical cold atom system for inertial navigation
  • Conference paper
    Vanner MR, 2025,

    Towards quantum science and technology with Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering

    , 2025 Conference on Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X
  • Journal article
    Abel C, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Bowles DC, Caratsch GL, Chanel E, Chen W, Chiu P-J, Crawford C, Dechenaux B, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Flaux P, Fratangelo A, Goupillière D, Griffith WC, Grujic Z, Höhl D, Kasprzak M, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Komposch SV, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lejuez A, Li R, Meier M, Menu J, Michielsen K, Mullan P, Mullins A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Quemener G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienaecker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schnabel A, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Smith CA, Svirina K, Tavakoli R, Thorne J, Touati S, Vankeirsbilck J, Virot R, Voigt J, Wursten E, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond Get al., 2025,

    Generating a highly uniform magnetic field inside the magnetically shielded room of the n2EDM experiment.

    , Eur Phys J C Part Fields, Vol: 85, ISSN: 1434-6044

    We present a coil system designed to generate a highly uniform magnetic field for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. It consists of a main B 0 coil and a set of auxiliary coils mounted on a cubic structure with a side length of 273 cm , inside a large magnetically shielded room (MSR). We have assembled this system and characterized its performances with a mapping robot. The apparatus is able to generate a 1 μ T vertical field with a relative root mean square deviation σ ( B z ) / B z = 3 × 10 - 5 over the volume of interest, a cylinder of radius 40 cm and height 30 cm . This level of uniformity overcomes the n2EDM requirements, allowing a measurement of the neutron Electric Dipole Moment with a sensitivity better than 1 × 10 - 27 e cm .
  • Conference paper
    Webber-Date A, Rowley M, Osborn PF, Shah R, Krastev T, Cannon R, Griffin P, Riis E, Cotter J, Burrow O, Boughton Eet al., 2025,

    A quantum-classical cold atom system for inertial navigation

    , 2025 Conference on Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X
  • Journal article
    Gerry CC, Birrittella RJ, Alsing PM, Mimih J, Knight PLet al., 2024,

    Non-classicality and the effect of one photon

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, Vol: 382, ISSN: 1364-503X
  • Journal article
    Orozco Ruiz M, Le NH, Mintert F, 2024,

    Quantum control without quantum states

    , PRX Quantum, ISSN: 2691-3399

    We show that combining ideas from the fields of quantum invariants and of optimal control can be used to design optimal quantum control solutions without explicit reference to quantum states. We describe how control problems for state preparation and the realization of propagators can be formulated in this approach, and we provide explicit control solutions for a spin chain with an extended Ising Hamiltonian. The states considered for state-preparation protocols include eigenstates of Hamiltonians with more than pairwise interactions, and these Hamiltonians are also used for the definition of target propagators. The cost of describing suitable time-evolving operators grows only quadratically with the system size, allowing us to construct explicit control solutions for up to 50 spins. While sub-exponential scaling is obtained only in special cases, we provide several examples that demonstrate favourable scaling beyond the extended Ising model.
  • Journal article
    White A, Popa S, Mellado Munoz J, Fitch N, Sauer B, Lim J, Tarbutt Met al., 2024,

    Slow molecular beams from a cryogenic buffer gas source

    , Physical Review Research, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2643-1564

    We study the properties of a cryogenic buffer gas source that uses a low temperature two-stage buffer gas cell to produce very slow beams of ytterbium monofluoride molecules. The molecules are produced by laser ablation inside the cell and extracted into a beam by a flow of cold helium. We measure the flux and velocity distribution of the beam as a function of ablation energy, helium flow rate, cell temperature, and the size of the gap between the first and second stages of the cell. We also compare the velocity distributions from one-stage and two-stage cells. The one-stage cell emits a beam with a speed of about 82 m s¯¹ and a translational temperature of 0.63 K. The slowest beams are obtained using the two-stage cell at the lowest achievable cell temperature of 1.8 K. This beam has a peak velocity of 56 m s¯¹ and a flux of 9×10⁹ ground state molecules per steradian per pulse, with a substantial fraction at speeds below 40 m s¯¹. These slow molecules can be decelerated further by radiation pressure slowing and then captured in a magneto-optical trap.
  • Journal article
    Vylegzhanin A, Chormaic SN, Brown DJ, 2024,

    Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency based laser lock to Zeeman sublevels with 0.6 GHz scanning range

    , REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, Vol: 95, ISSN: 0034-6748
  • Journal article
    Wang P, Kwon H, Luan C-Y, Chen W, Qiao M, Zhou Z, Wang K, Kim MS, Kim Ket al., 2024,

    Snapshotting quantum dynamics at multiple time points

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 15
  • Journal article
    Broughton JJ, Patra S, Parkes MA, Worth GA, Fielding HHet al., 2024,

    A multiphoton ionisation photoelectron imaging study of thiophene

    , PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 26, Pages: 25461-25468, ISSN: 1463-9076
  • Journal article
    Devlin J, 2024,

    Dark matter: what is it, and can quantum sensors help find it?

    , Contemporary Physics, Vol: 65, Pages: 239-258, ISSN: 0010-7514

    Dark matter is the name given to the unknown substance or substances which appears to make up 26.4⁢(6)% of the total mass-energy density of the Universe, making it 5 times more abundant than normal matter. Over 50 years of measurements have given us considerable evidence for the existence of dark matter and some of its properties. However, we still do not know, microscopically, what sort of stuff it is. In recent years, researchers have started to use techniques developed in quantum science to build experiments which are sensitive to certain types of dark matter. These techniques rely on the remarkable progress in isolating and measuring specific quantum systems, to such an extent that these experiments are now sensitive to the weak perturbations due to dark matter. This article gives an introduction to dark matter and efforts to search for it with quantum sensors.

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