@article{Fecht:2016:10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.001,
author = {Fecht, D and Hansell, A and Morley, D and Dajnak, D and Vienneau, D and Beevers, S and Toledano, M and Kelly, F and Anderson, HR and Gulliver, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.001},
journal = {Environment International},
pages = {235--242},
title = {Spatial and temporal associations of road traffic noise and air pollution in London: Implications for epidemiological studies},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.001},
volume = {88},
year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Road traffic gives rise to noise and air pollution exposures, both of which are associated with adverse health effects especially for cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms may differ. Understanding the variability in correlations between these pollutants is essential to understand better their separate and joint effects on human health.We explored associations between modelled noise and air pollutants using different spatial units and area characteristics in London in 2003–2010.We modelled annual average exposures to road traffic noise (LAeq,24 h, Lden, LAeq,16 h, Lnight) for ~ 190,000 postcode centroids in London using the UK Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) method. We used a dispersion model (KCLurban) to model nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, total and the traffic-only component of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm and ≤ 10 μm. We analysed noise and air pollution correlations at the postcode level (~ 50 people), postcodes stratified by London Boroughs (~ 240,000 people), neighbourhoods (Lower layer Super Output Areas) (~ 1600 people), 1 km grid squares, air pollution tertiles, 50 m, 100 m and 200 m in distance from major roads and by deprivation tertiles.Across all London postcodes, we observed overall moderate correlations between modelled noise and air pollution that were stable over time (Spearman's rho range: | 0.34–0.55 |). Correlations, however, varied considerably depending on the spatial unit: largest ranges were seen in neighbourhoods and 1 km grid squares (both Spearman's rho range: | 0.01–0.87 |) and was less for Boroughs (Spearman's rho range: | 0.21–0.78 |). There was little difference in correlations between exposure tertiles, distance from road or deprivation tertiles.Associations between noise and air pollution at the relevant geographical unit of analysis need to be carefully considered in any epidemiological analysis, in particular in complex urban areas. Low correlations near roads, however, sugges
AU  - Fecht,D
AU  - Hansell,A
AU  - Morley,D
AU  - Dajnak,D
AU  - Vienneau,D
AU  - Beevers,S
AU  - Toledano,M
AU  - Kelly,F
AU  - Anderson,HR
AU  - Gulliver,J
DO  - 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.001
EP  - 242
PY  - 2016///
SN  - 0160-4120
SP  - 235
TI  - Spatial and temporal associations of road traffic noise and air pollution in London: Implications for epidemiological studies
T2  - Environment International
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.001
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26773394
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015301057?via%3Dihub
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28924
VL  - 88
ER  - 

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