Critical Care

Critical care wardCritical care involves the care of the sickest patients in the hospital. Critically ill patients have usually been through a significant insult to their body (such as trauma, infection, burn) and have developed organ failure and require life-support. Critical Care is the largest theme bringing together clinicians and scientists from diverse backgrounds and includes collaborative research from hospitals throughout north-west London. Investigations range from evaluating biological mechanisms of organ failure through to the development of innovative technologies which allow the short-term and long-term support and recovery of organs. 

Many people are exposed to the environment of an Intensive care unit (ICU) either personally or through a family member. It is often a life-changing event and our work aims to reduce this impact facilitating post-ICU recovery.

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  • Journal article
    Tatham K, Donaldson H, O'Dea K, Wakabayashi K, Marczin N, Takata Met al., 2013,

    Marginated monocytes play a central role in lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice: Implications for lung transplantation

    , EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0903-1936
  • Conference paper
    Wakabayashi K, Wilson M, Tatham K, O'Dea K, Takata Met al., 2013,

    High-stretch, but not atelectasis, causes systemic cytokine release by lung-marginated monocytes

    , Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
  • Journal article
    Benzonana LL, Perry NJS, Watts HR, Yang B, Perry IA, Coombes C, Takata M, Ma Det al., 2013,

    Isoflurane, a Commonly Used Volatile Anesthetic, Enhances Renal Cancer Growth and Malignant Potential <i>via</i> the Hypoxia-inducible Factor Cellular Signaling Pathway <i>In Vitro</i>

    , ANESTHESIOLOGY, Vol: 119, Pages: 593-605, ISSN: 0003-3022
  • Journal article
    Patel BV, Wilson MR, O'Dea KP, Takata Met al., 2013,

    TNF-Induced Death Signaling Triggers Alveolar Epithelial Dysfunction in Acute Lung Injury

    , J Immunol, Vol: 190, Pages: 4274-4282
  • Journal article
    Wilson MR, Takata M, 2013,

    Inflammatory mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury: a time to stop and think?

    , Anaesthesia, Vol: 68, Pages: 175-178
  • Journal article
    Shrosbree J, Campbell LJ, Ibrahim F, Hopkins P, Vizcaychipi M, Strachan S, Post FAet al., 2013,

    Late HIV diagnosis is a major risk factor for intensive care unit admission in HIV-positive patients: a single centre observational cohort study

    , BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1471-2334

    BackgroundHIV positive patients are at risk of infectious and non-infectious complications that may necessitate intensive care unit (ICU) admission. While the characteristics of patients requiring ICU admission have been described previously, these studies did not include information on the denominator population from which these cases arose.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study of ICU admissions among 2751 HIV positive patients attending King’s College Hospital, South London, UK. Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with ICU admission.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of ICU admission was 1.0 [95% CI 0.8, 1.2] per 100 person-years of follow up, and particularly high early (during the first 3 months) following HIV diagnosis (12.4 [8.7, 17.3] per 100 person-years compared to 0.37 [0.27, 0.50] per 100 person-years thereafter; incidence rate ratio 33.5 [23.4, 48.1], p < 0.001). In time-updated analyses, AIDS and current CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 were associated with an increased incidence of ICU admission while receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was associated with a reduced incidence of ICU admission. Late HIV diagnosis (initial CD4 cell count <350 or AIDS within 3 months of HIV diagnosis) applied to 81% of patients who were first diagnosed HIV positive during the study period and who required ICU admission. Late HIV diagnosis was significantly associated with ICU admission in the first 3 months following HIV diagnosis (adjusted incidence rate ratio 8.72, 95% CI 2.76, 27.5).ConclusionsLate HIV diagnosis was a major risk factor for early ICU admission in our cohort. Earlier HIV diagnosis allowing cART initiation at CD4 cell counts of 350 cells/mm3 is likely to have a significant impact on the need for ICU care.
  • Journal article
    Tatham KC, Xiao W, O'Dea KP, Takata Met al., 2013,

    Neutrophil-Dependent Shedding Of Heparan Sulfate From The Pulmonary Endothelium In An In Vitro Model Of Simulated Ischemia

    , American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol: 187
  • Journal article
    Mehta S, Granton J, Gordon AC, Cook DJ, Lapinsky S, Newton G, Bandayrel K, Little A, Siau C, Ayers D, Singer J, Lee TCK, Walley KR, Storms M, Cooper JD, Holmes CL, Hebert P, Presneill J, Russell JAet al., 2013,

    Cardiac ischemia in patients with septic shock randomized to vasopressin or norepinephrine

    , Critical Care, Vol: 17, ISSN: 1364-8535

    Introduction: Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial necrosis. We evaluated troponin, CK, and ECG abnormalities in patients with septic shock; and compared the effect of vasopressin (VP) vs norepinephrine (NE) on troponin, CK, and ECGs.Methods: This was a prospective substudy of a randomized trial. Adults with septic shock randomly received a blinded infusion of low-dose VP (0.01-0.03 U/min) or NE (5-15 μg/min) in addition to open-label vasopressors, titrated to maintain a mean blood pressure of 65-75 mmHg. Troponin I/T, CK, and CKMB were measured and 12-lead ECGs were recorded prior to study drug, and 6 hours, 2 days and 4 days after study drug initiation. Two physician readers, blinded to patient data and drug, independently interpreted ECGs.Results: We enrolled 121 patients [median age 63.9 years (IQR 51.1,75.3), mean APACHE II 28.6 (SD 7.7)]: 65 in VP group and 56 in NE group. At the 4 timepoints, 26%, 36%, 32% and 21% of patients had troponin elevations, respectively. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were similar between patients with positive versus negative troponin levels. Troponin and CK levels, and rates of ischemic ECG changes were similar in the VP and NE groups. In multivariable analysis only APACHE II was associated with 28-day mortality (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, p=0.033).Conclusions: Troponin elevation is common in adults with septic shock. We observed no significant differences in troponin, CK, and ECGs in patients treated with vasopressin and norepinephrine. Troponin elevation was not an independent predictor of mortality.Trial registration: Controlled-trials.com ISRCTN94845869.
  • Journal article
    Blackbeard J, Wallace VC, O'Dea KP, Hasnie F, Segerdahl A, Pheby T, Field MJ, Takata M, Rice ASet al., 2012,

    The correlation between pain-related behaviour and spinal microgliosis in four distinct models of peripheral neuropathy

    , Eur.J Pain, Vol: 16, Pages: 1357-1367

    BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury is associated with a spinal microglial response that has been correlated with the development of behaviours reflective of neuropathic pain. METHODS: To examine whether this phenomenon is generalizable to neuropathic pain of non-traumatic aetiology, this study investigated the association between spinal microgliosis and behavioural measures of neuropathic hypersensitivity and pain-related anxiety behaviour in four distinct rat models of peripheral neuropathic pain. These were traumatic neuropathy [L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT)], HIV-related neuropathies (either treatment with the antiretroviral drug Zalcitabine (ddC) or combination of perineural exposure to the HIV-gp120 protein and ddC treatment) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Persistent mechanical hypersensitivity developed in all 'neuropathic' rats. However, spinal microgliosis, as measured by increased CD11b/c immunohistochemical staining and increased numbers of cells expressing CD11b measured by flow cytometry, was evident in the SNT and to a lesser extent in the HIV neuropathy models but not the VZV model. These results suggest that behavioural hypersensitivity and thigmotaxis can only be linked to a microglial response in certain models of neuropathy
  • Journal article
    Wilson MR, Patel BV, Takata M, 2012,

    Ventilation with "clinically relevant" high tidal volumes does not promote stretch-induced injury in the lungs of healthy mice

    , CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 40, Pages: 2850-2857, ISSN: 0090-3493

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