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Journal articleMoreschini A, Simard JD, Astolfi A, 2024,
Data-driven model reduction for port-Hamiltonian and network systems in the Loewner framework
, AUTOMATICA, Vol: 169, ISSN: 0005-1098 -
Journal articleZhao Y, Li H, Zhou H, et al., 2024,
A review of graph neural network applications in mechanics-related domains
, Artificial Intelligence Review: an international survey and tutorial journal, Vol: 57, ISSN: 0269-2821Mechanics-related tasks often present unique challenges in achieving accurate geometric and physical representations, particularly for non-uniform structures. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising tool to tackle these challenges by adeptly learning from graph data with irregular underlying structures. Consequently, recent years have witnessed a surge in complex mechanics-related applications inspired by the advancements of GNNs. Despite this process, there is a notable absence of a systematic review addressing the recent advancement of GNNs in solving mechanics-related tasks. To bridge this gap, this review article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the GNN applications in mechanics-related domains while identifying key challenges and outlining potential future research directions. In this review article, we begin by introducing the fundamental algorithms of GNNs that are widely employed in mechanics-related applications. We provide a concise explanation of their underlying principles to establish a solid understanding that will serve as a basis for exploring the applications of GNNs in mechanics-related domains. The scope of this paper is intended to cover the categorisation of literature into solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and interdisciplinary mechanics-related domains, providing a comprehensive summary of graph representation methodologies, GNN architectures, and further discussions in their respective subdomains. Additionally, open data and source codes relevant to these applications are summarised for the convenience of future researchers. This article promotes an interdisciplinary integration of GNNs and mechanics and provides a guide for researchers interested in applying GNNs to solve complex mechanics-related tasks.
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Journal articleCarman F, Ewen J, Bresme F, et al., 2024,
Molecular simulations of thermal transport across iron oxide-hydrocarbon interfaces
, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol: 16, Pages: 59452-59467, ISSN: 1944-8244The rational design of dielectric fluids for immersion cooling of batteries requires a molecular-level understanding of the heat flow across the battery casing/dielectric fluid interface. Here, we use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to quantify the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between hematite and poly-α-olefin (PAO), which are representative of the outer surface of the steel battery casing and a synthetic hydrocarbon dielectric fluid, respectively. After identifying the most suitable force fields to model the thermal properties of the individual components, we then compared different solid–liquid interaction potentials for the calculation of the ITR. These potentials resulted in a wide range of ITR values (4–21 K m2 GW–1), with stronger solid–liquid interactions leading to lower ITR. The increase in ITR is correlated with an increase in density of the fluid layer closest to the surface. Since the ITR has not been experimentally measured for the hematite/PAO interface, we validate the solid–liquid interaction potential using the work of adhesion calculated using the dry-surface method. The work of adhesion calculations from the simulations were compared to those derived from experimental contact angle measurements for PAO on steel. We find that all of the solid–liquid potentials overestimate the experimental work of adhesion. The experiments and simulations can only be reconciled by further reducing the strength of the interfacial interactions. This suggests some screening of the solid–liquid interactions, which may be due to the presence of an interfacial water layer between PAO and steel in the contact angle experiments. Using the solid–liquid interaction potential that reproduces the experimental work of adhesion, we obtain a higher ITR (33 K m2 GW–1), suggesting inefficient thermal transport. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for NEMD simulations to improve
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Journal articleQian Q, Wang Y, Boyle D, 2024,
On solving close enough orienteering problems with overlapped neighborhoods
, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 318, Pages: 369-387, ISSN: 0377-2217The Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP) is a well-known variant of the classic TravelingSalesman Problem whereby the agent may complete its mission at any point within a target neighborhood.Heuristics based on overlapped neighborhoods, known as Steiner Zones (SZ), have gained attention inaddressing CETSPs. While SZs offer effective approximations to the original graph, their inherent overlapimposes constraints on the search space, potentially conflicting with global optimization objectives. Here weshow how such limitations can be converted into advantages in the Close Enough Orienteering Problem (CEOP)by aggregating prizes across overlapped neighborhoods. We further extend the classic CEOP with Non-uniformNeighborhoods (CEOP-) by introducing non-uniform cost considerations for prize collection. To tackle CEOP(and CEOP-), we develop a new approach featuring a Randomized Steiner Zone Discretization (RSZD)scheme coupled with a hybrid algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony System(ACS) — CRaSZe-AntS. The RSZD scheme identifies sub-regions for PSO exploration, and ACS determinesthe discrete visiting sequence. We evaluate the RSZD’s discretization performance on CEOP instances derivedfrom established CETSP instances and compare CRaSZe-AntS against the most relevant state-of-the-art heuristicfocused on single-neighborhood optimization for CEOP instances. We also compare the performance of theinterior search within SZs and the boundary search on individual neighborhoods in the context of CEOP-. Ourexperimental results show that CRaSZe-AntS can yield comparable solution quality with significantly reducedcomputation time compared to the single neighborhood strategy, where we observe an averaged 140.44%increase in prize collection and 55.18% reduction of algorithm execution time. CRaSZe-AntS is thus highlyeffective in solving emerging CEOP-, examples of which include truck-and-drone delivery scenarios.
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Journal articleGardner AJ, Iverson GL, Bloomfield P, et al., 2024,
Studying Contact Replays: Investigating Mechanisms, Management and Game Exposures (SCRIMMAGE) for brain health in the Australasian National Rugby League: a protocol for a database design
, BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE, Vol: 10 -
Conference paperDavison M, Webb CJ, Ducceschi M, et al., 2024,
A self-sensing haptic actuator for tactile interaction with physical modelling synthesis
, The International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2024), Publisher: NIME Community, Pages: 574-581, ISSN: 2220-4806The use of transducers to excite physical modelling synthesisers with real-world audio signals is a well established practice within the digital musical instrument design community, yet it is normally presented as a unidirectional process – energy is transferred into the system from human to instrument. In this paper, a novel approach to tactile interaction with physical modelling synthesis is presented, through the use of a self-sensing vibrotactile transducer. This enables simultaneous collocated sensing and haptic actuation with a single moving coil transducer. A current drive amplifier is used for haptic actuation, using signals derived from the physical modelling synthesiser. The varying impedance of the transducer (due to changes in the mechanical damping) enables the sensing of force applied upon the device whilst also acting as a pickup to excite the physical model, all with simultaneous haptic actuation. A digital filter equivalent of the transducer’s impedance is used to prevent feedback in the system, allowing simultaneous excitation and haptic actuation without self-oscillation
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Journal articleYu X, Baker CE, Ghajari M, 2024,
Head impact location, speed and angle from falls and trips in the workplace
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 52, Pages: 2687-2702, ISSN: 0090-6964Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are designed to pass the regulatory standards which test head protection against falling heavy and sharp objects. This is likely to be due to the limited understanding of head impact conditions from trips and falls in workplace. In this study, we used validated human multi-body models to predict the head impact location, speed and angle (measured from the ground) during trips, forward falls and backward falls. We studied the effects of worker size, initial posture, walking speed, width and height of the tripping barrier, bracing and falling height on the head impact conditions. Overall, we performed 1692 simulations. The head impact speed was over two folds larger in falls than trips, with backward falls producing highest impact speeds. However, the trips produced impacts with smaller impact angles to the ground. Increasing the walking speed increased the head impact speed but bracing reduced it. We found that 41% of backward falls and 19% of trips/forward falls produced head impacts located outside the region of helmet coverage. Next, we grouped all the data into three sub-groups based on the head impact angle: [0°, 30°], (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] and excluded groups with small number of cases. We found that most trips and forward falls lead to impact angles within the (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] groups while all backward falls produced impact angles within (60°, 90°] group. We therefore determined five representative head impact conditions from these groups by selecting the 75th percentile speed, mean value of angle intervals and median impact location (determined by elevation and azimuth angles) of each group. This led to two representative head impact conditions for trip
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Journal articleZhou Y, Sun Y, Li Y, et al., 2024,
A highly durable and UV‐resistant graphene‐based knitted textile sensing sleeve for human joint angle monitoring and gesture differentiation
, Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2640-4567Flexible strain sensors based on textiles have attracted extensive attention owing to their light weight, flexibility, and comfort when wearing. However, challenges in integrating textile strain sensors into wearable sensing devices include the need for outstanding sensing performance, long-term monitoring stability, and fast, convenient integration processes to achieve comprehensive monitoring. The scalable fabrication technique presented here addresses these challenges by incorporating customizable graphene-based sensing networks into knitted structures, thus creating sensing sleeves for precise motion detection and differentiation. The performance and real-world application potential of the sensing sleeve are evaluated by its precision in angle estimation and complex joint motion recognition during intra- and intersubject studies. For intra-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve only exhibits a 2.34° angle error in five different knee activities among 20 participants, and the sensing sleeves show up to 94.1% and 96.1% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. For inter-subject analysis, the sensing sleeve demonstrates a 4.21° angle error, and it shows up to 79.9% and 85.5% accuracy in the gesture classification of knee and elbow, respectively. An activity-guided user interface compatible with the sensing sleeves for human motion monitoring in home healthcare applications is presented to illustrate the potential applications.
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Journal articleAmatuni L, Steubing B, Heijungs R, et al., 2024,
Deriving material composition of products using life cycle inventory databases
, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol: 28, Pages: 1060-1072, ISSN: 1088-1980Understanding the detailed material composition of the various industrial and consumer products is essential for implementing efficient recycling practices and policies, conducting material flow analyses, and facilitating a transition toward a circular economy. However, existing data sources are limited in their product and material coverage. Currently, no source or methodology allows such data to be obtained in a relatively uniform, updated, and accessible manner across a diverse range of products. This work presents an approach that allows estimating the material composition of thousands of products using available life cycle inventory (LCI) databases. Methodologically, this is implemented by splitting the physical flows that describe supply chains in LCI databases into “incorporated” and “not incorporated” fractions using an incorporation parameter. Building primarily on existing matrix-based life cycle assessment calculations, this approach can be used to calculate the material content of products. A generally applicable mathematical model, as well as a ready-to-use software, is presented for future practitioners. To demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method, a case study involving three metals and plastic in three consumer goods has been conducted based on the ecoinvent database. Our method delivered accurate material content estimates (i.e., weight fractions of materials in products) with an average relative error of 26% and an absolute error of 1.1% (between our estimates and existing values).
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Journal articleRatcliffe E, Baxter W, Aurisicchio M, et al., 2024,
The role of ritual communication in consumption: a consumer coffee experience
, International Journal of Food Design, Vol: 9, Pages: 219-243, ISSN: 2056-6522Rituals are part of the consumer experience of goods, especially food and drink, and can contribute to consumer enjoyment of and fidelity to a specific product. However, we lack detailed description of food/beverage-related rituals and their potential impact on consumer perceptions, in particular whether and how communicating those rituals to consumers influences their attitudes. Here we use coffee as an example of a ritualized product within the UK market to explore this potential relationship and identify opportunities for design. In Study 1, we identified rituals associated with coffee preparation and consumption. In Study 2, we found that several procedural aspects of the rituals identified in Study 1 were not consistently conveyed in coffee advertising, indicating a potential gap in communication with consumers. In Study 3, we showed that communicating such rituals to consumers resulted in significantly greater willingness to pay for coffee, mediated by perceptions of social attention. This work connects growing interest in the psychological mechanisms of ritual with work on consumer perceptions and behaviour and carries significant implications for the design of messaging around food experience.
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Journal articlevan der Meer D, Pinson P, Camal S, et al., 2024,
CRPS-based online learning for nonlinear probabilistic forecast combination
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING, Vol: 40, Pages: 1449-1466, ISSN: 0169-2070 -
Journal articleChen L, Cai Z, Jiang Z, et al., 2024,
AskNatureNet: a divergent thinking tool based on bio-inspired design knowledge
, Advanced Engineering Informatics: the science of supporting knowledge-intensive activities, Vol: 62, ISSN: 0954-1810Divergent thinking is a process in design by exploring multiple possible solutions, is crucial in the early stages of design to break fixation and expand the design ideation. Design-by-Analogy promotes divergent thinking, by studying solutions have solved similar problems and using this knowledge to make inferences and solve problems in new and unfamiliar situations. Bio-inspired design (BID) is a form of design by analogy and its knowledge provides diverse sources for analogy, making BID knowledge as a potential source for divergent thinking. Existing BID database has focused on collecting BID cases and facilitating the retrieval of biological knowledge. Despite its success, applying BID knowledge into divergent thinking still encounters challenge, as the association between source domain and target domain are always limited within a single case. In this work, a novel approach is proposed to support divergent thinking from three subsequent phases: encoding, retrieval and mapping. Specifically, biological knowledge is encoded in a triple form by employing a large language model (LLM) to extract key information from a well-known BID knowledge base. The created triples are implemented in a semantic network to facilitate bidirectional retrieval modes: problem-driven and solution-driven, as well as mapping for divergent thinking. The mapping algorithm calculates the semantic similarity between nodes in the semantic network based on their attributes in three progressive steps by following the paradigm of divergent thinking. The proposed approach is implemented as tool called AskNatureNet,1 which supports divergent thinking by retrieving and mapping knowledge in a visualized interactive semantic network. An ideation case study on evaluating the effectiveness of AskNatureNet shows that our tool is capable of supporting divergent thinking efficiently.
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Journal articleParisini T, Astolfi A, 2024,
David Quinn Mayne, 1930-2024 OBITUARY
, IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE, Vol: 44, ISSN: 1066-033X -
Journal articleLou Z, Min X, Li G, et al., 2024,
Advancing sensing resolution of impedance hand gesture recognition devices
, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol: 28, Pages: 5855-5864, ISSN: 2168-2194Gestures are composed of motion information (e.g. movements of fingers) and force information (e.g. the force exerted on fingers when interacting with other objects). Current hand gesture recognition solutions such as cameras and strain sensors primarily focus on correlating hand gestures with motion information and force information is seldom addressed. Here we propose a bio-impedance wearable that can recognize hand gestures utilizing both motion information and force information. Compared with previous impedance-based gesture recognition devices that can only recognize a few multi-degrees-of-freedom gestures, the proposed device can recognize 6 single-degree-of-freedom gestures and 20 multiple-degrees-of-freedom gestures, including 8 gestures in 2 force levels. The device uses textile electrodes, is benchmarked over a selected frequency spectrum, and uses a new drive pattern. Experimental results show that 179 kHz achieves the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reveals the most distinct features. By analyzing the 49,920 samples from 6 participants, the device is demonstrated to have an average recognition accuracy of 98.96%. As a comparison, the medical electrodes achieved an accuracy of 98.05%.
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Journal articleVuorre M, Ballou N, Hakman T, et al., 2024,
Affective uplift during video game play: a naturalistic case study
, Games: Research and Practice, Vol: 2, ISSN: 2832-5516Do video games affect players’ well-being? In this case study, we examined 162,325 intensive longitudinal in-game mood reports from 67,328 play sessions of 8,695 players of the popular game PowerWash Simulator. We compared players’ moods at the beginning of play sessions with their moods during play and found that the average player reported 0.034 (0.032, 0.036) visual analog scale (VAS; 0-1) units greater mood during than at the beginning of play sessions. Moreover, we predict that 72.1% (70.8%, 73.5%) of similar players experience this affective uplift during play, and that the bulk of it happens during the first 15 minutes of play. We do not know whether these results indicate causal effects or to what extent they generalize to other games or player populations. Yet, these results based on in-game subjective reports from players of a popular commercially available game suggest good external validity and as such offer a promising glimpse of the scientific value of transparent industry–academia collaborations in understanding the psychological roles of popular digital entertainment.
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Journal articleZou Y, Zhao C, Childs P, et al., 2024,
Cross-cultural design in costume: case study on totemic symbols of China and Thailand
, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2662-9992Cross-cultural design has emerged as a pivotal domain of significance within the context of globalization. In the field of cross-cultural design, designers are tasked with addressing user requirements and identity characteristic contexts across diverse cultural backgrounds, aiming to achieve enhanced service delivery and cultural dissemination outcomes. Nonetheless, the landscape of contemporary fashion design research exhibits a noticeable dearth in studies that effectively integrate with cross-cultural design. This study selects the iconic cultural symbols of the Chinese loong (dragon) and Thai naga as case subjects, embarking upon research that employs costume design as a medium and bridge for cross-cultural design and communication. The research methodology integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, including field investigations, participatory research, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, thereby substantiating theoretical constructs through empirical investigation. The study proposes that cross-cultural costume design, undertaken with the purpose of cross-cultural communication, can be conceptualized as a cyclical process involving multiple encoding and decoding iterations. The research elaborates on how costume, functioning as a non-verbal language, serve as a medium for facilitating cross-cultural interactions. Furthermore, the design extraction of cultural symbols is approached through a four-tiered framework. By articulating its research perspective, methodologies, and design cases, this study contributes valuable insights to researchers and practitioners engaged in cross-cultural design and related fields.
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Journal articleAunger R, Deterding S, Zhao X, et al., 2024,
Applying the Barker School concept of 'behaviour settings' to virtual contexts
, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol: 379, ISSN: 0962-8436People are spending more and more time interacting with virtual objects and environments. We argue that Roger Barker's concept of a 'behaviour setting' can be usefully applied to such experiences with relatively little modification if we recognize subjective aspects of such experiences such as presence and immersion. We define virtual behaviour settings as virtual environments where the partly or fully digital milieu is synomorphic with and circumjacent to embodied behaviour, as opposed to the fragmented behaviour settings of much-mediated interaction. We present two tools that can help explain and predict the outcomes of virtual experiences-the behaviour setting canvas (BSC) and model-and demonstrate their utility through examples. We conclude that the behaviour setting concept is helpful in both designing virtual environments and understanding their impact, while virtual environments offer a powerful new methodological paradigm for studying behaviour settings. This article is part of the theme issue 'People, places, things, and communities: expanding behaviour settings theory in the twenty-first century'.
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Journal articleLin L, Hamedmoghadam H, Shorten R, et al., 2024,
Quantifying indirect and direct vaccination effects arising in the SIR model
, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 21, ISSN: 1742-5689 -
Journal articleYu Z, Childs P, Ge Y, et al., 2024,
Whisker sensor for robot environments perception: a review
, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol: 24, Pages: 28504-28521, ISSN: 1530-437XNocturnal mammals such as rats heavily depend onwhisker based tactile perception to find their way through burrows and to identify objects. There is diversity in the whiskers in terms of the physical structure and nervous innervation. The robotics community has developed many different whisker sensors inspired by this biological basis. They take diverse mechanical, electronic, andcomputational approaches to use whiskers to identify the geometry, mechanical properties, and texture of objects. Some work address specific object features and some others address multiple features. Therefore, it is vital to have a comprehensive discussion of the literature and to understand the merits of both bio-inspired and pureengineered approaches to whisker based tactile perception. In this paper we report and discuss the progress in following areas: The body of mammalian whisker follicle, unimodal whiskered sensors, multimodal whiskered sensors with variable stiffness that can capture tactile sensory stimuli of different frequencies, obstacles detection, shape detection, texture classification and robot navigation using whiskers.
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Conference paperShakib MF, Scarciotti G, Astolfi A, 2024,
A parameterised family of neuralODEs optimally fitting steady-state data
, 2024 American Control Conference, Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2378-5861This paper presents a parameterised family of neural ordinary differential equations (neuralODEs) that fit the steady-state system response in a least-squares sense. The family of neuralODEs is cast in the form of recurrent equilibrium networks (NodeRENs). One of the main advantages of the proposed approach is that it uses only linear least-squares optimisation tools. As such, the solution to the steady-state fitting problem is given in a closed-form expression. Furthermore, the NodeREN family leaves a subset of parameters free. This is useful for enforcing robustness or for fitting transient data in addition to steady-state data.
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Conference paperHu X, Li J, Picinali L, et al., 2024,
HRTF spatial upsampling in the spherical harmonics domain employing a generative adversarial network
, 27th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx24), Publisher: University of Surrey, Pages: 396-403A Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) is able to capture alterations a sound wave undergoes from its source before it reaches the entrances of a listener’s left and right ear canals, and is imperative for creating immersive experiences in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). Nevertheless, creating personalized HRTFs demands sophisticated equipment and is hindered by time-consuming data acquisition processes. To counteract these challenges, various techniques for HRTF interpolation and up-sampling have been proposed. This paper illustrates how Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be applied to HRTF data upsampling in the spherical harmonics domain. We propose using Autoencoding Generative Adversarial Networks (AE-GAN) to upsample low-degree spherical harmonics coefficients and get a more accurate representation of the full HRTF set. The proposed method is bench-marked against two baselines: barycentric interpolation and HRTFselection. Results from log-spectral distortion (LSD) evaluation suggest that the proposed AE-GAN has significant potential for upsampling very sparse HRTFs, achieving 17% improvement over baseline methods.
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Journal articleFerraro P, Yu JY, Ghosh R, et al., 2024,
On unique ergodicity of coupled AIMD flows
, International Journal of Control, Vol: 97, Pages: 2151-2161, ISSN: 0020-7179The AIMD algorithm, which underpins the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for transporting data packets in communication networks, is perhaps the most successful control algorithm ever deployed. Recently, its use has been extended beyond communication networks, and successful applications of the AIMD algorithm have been reported in transportation, energy, and mathematical biology. A very recent development in the use of AIMD is its application in solving large-scale optimisation and distributed control problems without the need for inter-agent communication. In this context, an interesting problem arises when multiple AIMD networks are coupled in some sense (usually through a nonlinearity). The purpose of this note is to prove that such systems in certain settings inherit the ergodic properties of individual AIMD networks. This result has important consequences for the convergence of the aforementioned optimisation algorithms. The arguments in the paper also correct conceptual and technical errors in Alam et al. (2020, The convergence of finite-averaging of AIMD for distributed heterogeneous resource allocations. arXiv:2001.08083 [math.OC].).
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Journal articleWang K, Hu ZJ, Tisnikar P, et al., 2024,
When and where to step: terrain-aware real-time footstep location and timing optimization for bipedal robots
, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Vol: 179, ISSN: 0921-8890Online footstep planning is essential for bipedal walking robots, allowing them to walk in the presence ofdisturbances and sensory noise. Most of the literature on the topic has focused on optimizing the footstepplacement while keeping the step timing constant. In this work, we introduce a footstep planner capable ofoptimizing footstep placement and step time online. The proposed planner, consisting of an Interior PointOptimizer (IPOPT) and an optimizer based on Augmented Lagrangian (AL) method with analytical gradient descent, solves the full dynamics of the Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIP) model in real time to optimize for footstep location as well as step timing at the rate of 200 Hz. We show that such asynchronous real-time optimization with the AL method (ARTO-AL) provides the required robustness and speed for successful online footstep planning. Furthermore, ARTO-AL can be extended to plan footsteps in 3D, allowing terrain-aware footstep planning on uneven terrains. Compared to an algorithm with no footstep time adaptation, our proposed ARTO-AL demonstrates increased stability in simulated walking experiments as it can resist pushes on flat ground and on a 10◦ ramp up to 120 N and 100 N respectively. Videos2 and open-source code3 are released.
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Journal articlePan Y, Ruan H, Wu B, et al., 2024,
A machine learning driven 3D+1D model for efficient characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
, Energy and AI, Vol: 17, ISSN: 2666-5468The computational demands of 3D continuum models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells remain substantial. One prevalent approach is the hierarchical model combining a 2D/3D flow field with a 1D sub-model for the catalyst layers and membrane. However, existing studies often simplify the 1D domain to a linearized 0D lumped model, potentially resulting in significant errors at high loads. In this study, we present a computationally efficient neural network driven 3D+1D model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The 3D sub-model captures transport in the gas channels and gas diffusion layers and is coupled with a 1D electrochemical sub-model for microporous layers, membrane, and catalyst layers. To reduce computational intensity of the full 1D description, a neural network surrogates the 1D electrochemical sub-model for coupling with the 3D domain. Trained by model-generated large synthetic datasets, the neural network achieves root mean square errors of less than 0.2%. The model is validated against experimental results under various relative humidities. It is then employed to investigate the nonlinear distribution of internal states under different operating conditions. With the neural network operating at 0.5% of the computing cost of the 1D sub-model, the hybrid model preserves a detailed and nonlinear representation of the internal fuel cell states while maintaining computational costs comparable to conventional 3D+0D models. The presented hybrid data-driven and physical modeling framework offers high accuracy and computing speed across a broad spectrum of operating conditions, potentially aiding the rapid optimization of both the membrane electrode assembly and the gas channel geometry.
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Journal articleHeath BE, Suzuki R, LePenru NP, et al., 2024,
Spatial ecosystem monitoring with a Multichannel Acoustic Autonomous Recording Unit (MAARU)
, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 15, Pages: 1568-1579, ISSN: 2041-210X1. Multi-microphone recording adds spatial information to recorded audio with emerging applications in ecosystem monitoring. Specifically placing sounds in space can improve animal count accuracy, locate illegal activity like logging and poaching, track animals to monitor behaviour and habitat use and allow for ‘beamforming’ to amplify sounds from target directions for downstream classification. Studies have shown many advantages of spatial acoustics, but uptake remains limited as the equipment is often expensive, complicated, inaccessible or only suitable for short-term deployments.2. With an emphasis on enhanced uptake and usability, we present a low-cost, open-source, six-channel recorder built entirely from commercially available components which can be integrated into a solar-powered, online system. The MAARU (Multichannel Acoustic Autonomous Recording Unit) works as an independent node in long-term autonomous, passive and/or short-term deployments. Here, we introduce MAARU's hardware and software and present the results of lab and field tests investigating the device's durability and usability.3. MAARU records multichannel audio with similar costs and power demands to equivalent omnidirectional recorders. MAARU devices have been deployed in the United Kingdom and Brazil, where we have shown MAARUs can accurately localise pure tones up to 6 kHz and bird calls as far as 8 m away (±10° range, 100% and >60% of signals, respectively). Louder calls may have even further detection radii. We also show how beamforming can be used with MAARUs to improve species ID confidence scores.4. MAARU is an accessible, low-cost option for those looking to explore spatial acoustics accurately and easily with a single device, and without the formidable expenses and processing complications associated with establishing arrays. Ultimately, the added directional element of the multichannel recording provided by MAARU allows for enhanced recording
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Journal articleEspinoza F, Re MD, Calvo RA, 2024,
Designing with community health workers in Latin America
, Interactions, Vol: 31, Pages: 55-57, ISSN: 1072-5520Community + Culture features practitioner perspectives on designing technologies for and with communities. We highlight compelling projects and provocative points of view that speak to both community technology practice and the interaction design field as a whole.
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Journal articleWu B, 2024,
Addressing the battery talent shortage with interdisciplinarity
, Nature Energy, Vol: 9, Pages: 1044-1045, ISSN: 2058-7546 -
Thesis dissertationHewitt S, 2024,
Emotions and Exercise: Mapping Emotions through Exercise to Design for a Healthier Lifestyle
This thesis details an investigation of the relationship between human emotions and exercise. A new understanding of the emotional experiences resulting from taking part in exercise is reported and used to inform the development of visualisations and tools to support those seeking to design new exercise interventions. The key argument of this research is that if we can understand fully the emotional drivers for, and barriers against exercise, we can inform exercisers and designers alike how to best navigate an active lifestyle and the connected emotional experience. Analysis and synthesis of previous literature across the fields of public health, exercise psychology and sports science highlighted that emotions are both barriers and benefits to exercise. This led to an exploration of emotions and emotion models used within the fields of design, behavioural science and emotion psychology and, an investigation into existing design solutions to determine their efficacy and what makes them successful or unsuccessful. The interest then shifts to the specific relationship between emotions and exercise leading to a systematic literature review which discovers a lack of focused understanding of emotions and exercise types across the published research. Two user focused studies are presented, each exploring this relationship in breadth and depth to help understand better the link between emotions and exercise and build a more comprehensive map of their relationship. The first study, a quantitative exploration, presents an overview of the emotion and exercise relationship and identifies eight key emotions: calmness, excitement, interest, joy, pride, relief, satisfaction and, triumph. Each emotion is experienced differently depending on five variables: participant sex, time of elicitation, level of athlete, number of participants, and exercise type. The findings give a greater understanding of how different variables can affect individual’s emotional experiences and all
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Journal articleLi H, Zhou H, Li N, 2024,
An integrated convolutional neural network-based surrogate model for crashworthiness performance prediction of hot-stamped vehicle panel components
, MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol: 401, ISSN: 2261-236XDuring the structural design of vehicle components, Finite Element (FE) modelling has been extensively used for simulations of physical experiments. A typical design optimisation task requires iterative simulations to identify the optimum design, where FE simulations can be too time-consuming. Surrogate models have been developed to approximate complex simulations, which can reduce computational time and improve the efficiency of the design cycle. This paper presents a novel application of convolutional neural network (CNN) on rapid predictions of crashworthiness performance of vehicle panel components considering manufacturability. The dataset for training the model was generated based on the FE results of hot-stamped ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) B-pillar components. The formed components were analysed with a simplified lateral crash test to evaluate the deformation under impact. The trained model can instantly predict the deformation of the designed component with high accuracy compared to the FE results. Due to its high computational efficiency and precision, the surrogate model enables faster and more extensive design evaluations.
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Journal articleWu H, Tian F, Tang C, et al., 2024,
Novel Heat Stamping of Ti6Al4V panels with high drawability and low springback
, MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol: 401, ISSN: 2261-236XConventional commonly used titanium stamping techniques like hot forming and superplastic forming each have distinct disadvantages. Hot forming usually leads to limited formability and significant springback, whilst superplastic forming often results in long cycle times, high energy use, and costly tooling. A novel, energy-efficient, and cost-effective Heat Stamping process emerges as a promising solution. Two types of Ti6Al4V components, cup-shaped and U-shaped, were produced using the novel Heat Stamping process, and their properties were examined. A defect-free cup-shaped component achieving a considerably high draw ratio of up to 1.8, was successfully fabricated. A moderate enhancement in the hardness of the component indicated a superior post-form strength achieved by Heat Stamping. Further analysis of the U-shaped components shows that the one produced using the novel method demonstrated a notable reduction in springback angle, from 4.8° to 0.7°, highlighting the potential of H eat Stamping in achieving high shape accuracy for near-net-shape forming.
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