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Journal articleKirby P, Lai H, Horrocks S, et al., 2024,
Patient and public involvement in technology-related dementia research: a scoping review
, JMIR Aging, Vol: 7, ISSN: 2561-7605Background:Technology-related research for people with dementia and their carers often aims to enable people to remain living at home for longer and to prevent unnecessary hospital admissions. To develop research that is person-centred, effective and ethical, patient and public involvement (PPI) is necessary, though may be perceived as more difficult with this cohort. With recent and rapid expansions in health and care related technology, this review explores how, and with what impact, collaborations between researchers and stakeholders such as people with dementia have taken place.Objective:To describe approaches to PPI used to date in technology-related dementia research, along with the barriers and facilitators and impact of PPI in this area.Methods:A scoping review of literature relating to dementia, technology and patient and public involvement was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL. Papers were screened for inclusion by two authors. Data was then extracted using a pre-designed data extraction table by the same two authors; a third author supported resolution of any conflicts at each stage. Barriers and facilitators of undertaking PPI were then examined and themed.Results:Thirty-one papers were included for analysis. The majority (21/31) did not make clear distinctions between activities undertaken as PPI and activities undertaken by research participants, and as such their involvement did not fit easily into the NIHR definition of PPI. Most of this mixed involvement focused on the reviewing or evaluating of technology prototypes. A range of approaches was described, most typically using focus groups or co-design workshops. Nine studies described involvement at multiple stages through the research cycle, sometimes with evidence of sharing of decision-making power. Some studies commented on barriers or facilitators to effective PPI. Challenges identified were often around issues of working with people with significant cognitive impairments, and
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Journal articleDaubner S, Dillenz M, Pfeiffer LF, et al., 2024,
Combined study of phase transitions in the P2-type NaXNi1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material: experimental, ab-initio and multiphase-field results
, npj Computational Materials, Vol: 10<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The research of new electrode materials such as sodium intercalation compounds is key to meet the challenges of future demands of sustainable energy storage. For these batteries, the intercalation behavior on the micro-scale is governed by a complex interplay of chemical, electrical and mechanical forces strongly influencing the overall cell performance. The multiphase-field method is a suitable tool to study these multi-physics and bridge the scale from ab-initio methods to the cell level. In this work, we follow a combined approach of experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and multiphase-field simulations to predict thermodynamic and kinetic properties for the P2-type Na<jats:sub><jats:italic>X</jats:italic></jats:sub>Ni<jats:sub>1/3</jats:sub>Mn<jats:sub>2/3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> sodium-ion cathode material. Experimentally, we obtain the thermodynamic potential and diffusion coefficients at various sodium contents using electrochemical techniques and discuss limitations of the experimentally applied methods. DFT is used to identify stable phases by calculating an energy hull curve. Then, the influence of long-range dispersion interactions and the exchange-correlation functional on the voltage curve is investigated by comparison with experimental results. Finally, multiphase-field simulations are performed based on inputs from experiments and DFT. The fitting of phase-specific chemical free energies from DFT calculations and experimental data is discussed. Our results highlight the thermodynamic consistency of all three approaches close to thermodynamic equilibrium. Furthermore, the phase-field method accurately describes the kinetics of the system including multiple phase transitions, by which we unravel the mechanism of the P2-O2 phase transition in a single crystal under the influence of intercalation reaction, bu
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Journal articlePan X, Yan M, Liu Q, et al., 2024,
Electric-field-assisted proton coupling enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 15 -
Journal articleChakrabarti BK, Bree G, Dao A, et al., 2024,
Lightweight Carbon-Metal-Based Fabric Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
, ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, Vol: 16, Pages: 21885-21894, ISSN: 1944-8244 -
Journal articleKallitsis E, Lindsay JJ, Chordia M, et al., 2024,
Think global act local: The dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources
, JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, Vol: 449, ISSN: 0959-6526 -
Journal articleChen L, Song Y, Sun L, et al., 2024,
Development of an exploratory creativity assessment scale
, International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, Vol: 12, Pages: 101-117, ISSN: 2165-0349Exploratory creativity (E-creativity) can be achieved by searching an area of conceptual space governed by specific rules. Existing studies on E-creativity mainly focus on how to use aspects of E-creativity to develop computational creativity tools, but E-creativity assessment scales have not been fully studied. To fill in the gap, this study developed an E-creativity assessment scale based on metrics and experimental determination studies. Eight indexes are promoted through literature investigation, which are related to E-creativity attributes, pre-requirement for the existence of E-creativity, relations between exploratory process and creativity, and results of E-creativity. Then, an empirical case study is applied to investigate the differences between nonprofessionals and professionals when using the developed scale. From the whole research, the results reveal that E-creativity is not simply related to the exploratory process and its concept space; instead, it is also related to the relations between the novelty of the exploratory process and the concept space of E-creativity. The results reflect the role of E-creativity in a creative process. This research provides a further understanding of E-creativity, which can contribute to further develop the definition of E-creativity. The E-creativity assessment scales can be used as a cue to further evaluate machine generated E-creativity.
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Journal articleMohammed AA, Yao K, Ragaisyte I, et al., 2024,
Stable and homogeneous SPION-infused Photo-Resins for 3D-printing magnetic hydrogels
, Applied Materials Today, Vol: 37, ISSN: 2352-94153D printing of magnetic stimuli hydrogels has shown promise in low-resolution extrusion printing but integrating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) into water-based photo-resins has posed challenges. Rapid agglomeration and sedimentation of SPION in photo-resins require continuous mixing during printing, leading to uneven nanoparticle (NP) distribution and inconsistent magnetic actuation. Here, we optimise the use of citric acid (CA) and l-sodium ascorbate (LA) as capping agents on the SPION's surface, before trialling them with photo-resins. Ultimately, we present a two-step approach to overcome these limitations, enabling high-resolution SLA-based 3D printing of hydrogels. By employing CA in both SPION and photo-resin preparation, we achieve a highly stable mixture that requires no agitation during printing, resulting in magnetically responsive hydrogels. This methodology can be applied to various photo-resin formulations, ensuring uniform NP distribution and enabling the 3D printing of stimuli-responsive materials for applications in soft robotics, aquatic micro-swimmers, and soft actuators. The breakthrough in stable and homogenous SPION-infused photo-resins has broad implications for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine, offering novel biocompatible materials with resistance to stress and deformation. This approach can be extended to other NP with poor dispersion in hydrogels, paving the way for advanced functional materials in diverse applications.
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Journal articleWang H, Ding Z, Chen X, et al., 2024,
Experimental characterisation and constitutive modelling of the intra-ply tensile and shear properties of unidirectional fibre reinforced thermoplastics (UD FRTPs) under solid-state stamp forming conditions
, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol: 179, ISSN: 1359-835XTo enable the success of solid-state stamp forming of unidirectional fibre reinforced thermoplastics (UD FRTPs), it is essential to accurately characterise and model the material deformation under desired conditions. This paper comprehensively investigates the intra-ply tensile and shear properties of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polyamide 6 (UD CF/PA6), which is a type of commonly used UD FRTP. To accomplish this, tensile and V-Notched Rail (VNR) shear tests are conducted for characterising the intra-ply transverse tensile and longitudinal shear properties, respectively. The temperature effects (180 – 220 ℃, at 0.01 /s for the transverse tensile deformation and at 0.04 /s for longitudinal shear deformation) and strain-rate effects (0.001 – 0.25 /s for transverse tensile deformation and 0.004 – 0.4 /s for the longitudinal shear deformation, both are at 200 ℃) are studied. It is found that temperature has significant effects on the intra-ply deformation properties, while the strain-rate effects are marginal. This paper also proposes a new physically based constitutive model considering all the deformable constituents, i.e., the polymer constituent reinforced by fibres (PrF) and the polymer-fibre interface (P-F). This model not only shows good prediction of the thermomechanical properties of UD CF/PA6 under intra-ply deformations, but also gives insights into the deformation mechanisms. The new physically based constitutive model is successfully embedded into Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software and validated through accurate prediction of intra-ply deformation of a CF/PA6 specimen under bias-extension. The methodologies and model developed here offer an effective tool for predicting the intra-ply deformation behaviours and guiding the solid-state stamp forming process of UD FRTPs.
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Journal articleYu X, Singh G, Kaur A, et al., 2024,
An assessment of Sikh turban's head protection in bicycle incident scenarios
, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 52, Pages: 946-957, ISSN: 0090-6964Due to religious tenets, Sikh population wear turbans and are exempted from wearing helmets in several countries. However, the extent of protection provided by turbans against head injuries during head impacts remains untested. One aim of this study was to provide the first-series data of turbans' protective performance under impact conditions that are representative of real-world bicycle incidents and compare it with the performance of bicycle helmets. Another aim was to suggest potential ways for improving turban's protective performance. We tested five different turbans, distinguished by two wrapping styles and two fabric materials with a size variation in one of the styles. A Hybrid III headform fitted with the turban was dropped onto a 45 degrees anvil at 6.3 m/s and head accelerations were measured. We found large difference in the performance of different turbans, with up to 59% difference in peak translational acceleration, 85% in peak rotational acceleration, and 45% in peak rotational velocity between the best and worst performing turbans. For the same turban, impact on the left and right sides of the head produced very different head kinematics, showing the effects of turban layering. Compared to unprotected head impacts, turbans considerably reduce head injury metrics. However, turbans produced higher values of peak linear and rotational accelerations in front and left impacts than bicycle helmets, except from one turban which produced lower peak head kinematics values in left impacts. In addition, turbans produced peak rotational velocities comparable with bicycle helmets, except from one turban which produced higher values. The impact locations tested here were covered with thick layers of turbans and they were impacted against flat anvils. Turbans may not provide much protection if impacts occur at regions covered with limited amount of fabric or if the impact is against non-flat anvils, which remain untested. Our analysis shows that turbans can
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Journal articleRanjan A, Angelini F, Nanayakkara T, et al., 2024,
Design Guidelines for Bioinspired Adaptive Foot for Stable Interaction With the Environment
, IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, Vol: 29, Pages: 843-855, ISSN: 1083-4435 -
Journal articleBallou N, Sewall CJR, Ratcliffe J, et al., 2024,
Registered Report Evidence Suggests No Relationship Between Objectively Tracked Video Game Playtime and Wellbeing Over 3 Months
, Technology, Mind, and Behavior, ISSN: 2689-0208Recent years have seen intense research, media, and policy debate on whether amount of time spent playing video games (“playtime”) affects players’ well-being. Existing research has used cross-sectional designs with easy-to-obtain but unreliable self- report measures of playtime or, in rare instances, obtained industry data on objectively tracked playtime but only for individual games, not a player’s total playtime across games. Further, researchers have raised concerns that publication bias and a lack of differentiation between exploratory and con rmatory research have undermined the credibility of the evidence base. As a result, we still do not know whether well-being affects playtime, playtime affects well-being, both, or neither. To track people’s playtime across multiple games, we developed a method to log playtime on the Xbox platform. In a 12-week, six-wave panel study of adult U.S./U.K. Xbox-predominant players (414 players, 2036 completed surveys), we investigated within-person temporal relations between objectively measured playtime and well-being. Across multiple preregistered model speci cations, we found that the within-person prospective relationships between playtime and well-being, or vice versa, were not practically signi cant—even the largest associations were unlikely to register a perceptible impact on a player’s well-being. These results support the growing body of evidence that playtime is not the primary factor in the relationship between gaming and mental health for the majority of players and that research focus should be on the context and quality of gameplay instead.
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Journal articleFrolke L, Prat E, Pinson P, et al., 2024,
On the efficiency of energy markets with non-merchant storage
, ENERGY SYSTEMS-OPTIMIZATION MODELING SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS, ISSN: 1868-3967 -
Journal articleBallou N, Sewall CJR, Ratcliffe J, et al., 2024,
Supplemental Material for Registered report evidence suggests no relationship between objectively tracked video game playtime and well-being over 3 months.
, Technology, Mind, and Behavior, Vol: 5 -
Journal articleMcCall V, Rutherford AC, Bowes A, et al., 2024,
Othering Older People’s Housing: Gaming Ageing to Support Future-Planning
, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol: 21, Pages: 304-304<jats:p>The ‘othering’ of ageing is linked to an integrated process of ageism and hinders planning for the future for both individuals and practitioners delivering housing and health services. This paper aims to explore how creative interventions can help personalise, exchange knowledge and lead to system changes that tackle the ‘othering’ of ageing. The Designing Homes for Healthy Cognitive Ageing (DesHCA) project offers new and creative insights through an innovative methodology utilising ‘serious games’ with a co-produced tool called ‘Our House’ that provides insights into how to deliver housing for older people for ageing well in place. In a series of playtests with over 128 people throughout the UK, the findings show that serious games allow interaction, integration and understanding of how ageing affects people professionally and personally. The empirical evidence highlights that the game mechanisms allowed for a more in-depth and nuanced consideration of ageing in a safe and creative environment. These interactions and discussions enable individuals to personalise and project insights to combat the ‘othering’ of ageing. However, the solutions are restrained as overcoming the consequences of ageism is a societal challenge with multilayered solutions. The paper concludes that serious gaming encourages people to think differently about the concept of healthy ageing—both physically and cognitively—with the consideration of scalable and creative solutions to prepare for ageing in place.</jats:p>
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Journal articleZhao L, Ferraro P, Shorten R, 2024,
A smart mask to enforce social contracts based on IOTA Tangle
, PLoS One, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1932-6203In this paper we present the design for a smart-mask to mitigate the impact of an airborne virus such as COVID-19. The design utilises recent results from feedback control theory over a distributed ledger that have been developed to enforce compliance in a pseudo-anonymous manner. The design is based on the use of the IOTA distributed ledger. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation based on indoor positioning, paired with Monte-Carlo simulations, is developed to demonstrate the efficacy of the designed prototype.
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Journal articleKakadellis S, Muranko Ż, Harris ZM, et al., 2024,
Closing the loop: enabling circular biodegradable bioplastic packaging flow through a systems-thinking framework
, Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2666-7843Within a circular bioeconomy, biodegradable bioplastics (BBPs) have been promoted in fast-moving consumer goods to contribute towards closed-loop material flows. Consumers play a key role as enablers of these flows, provided they accept, understand and dispose of BBPs appropriately. Informed by focus groups, a framework combining multiple behavioural and design theories was developed to identify and structure systemic factors influencing the flow of BBPs through the consumption phase, with a focus on disposal. An exploratory network analysis based on a survey of 457 and 284 participants from two universities in the United Kingdom and the United States was then conducted to explore the interplay between factors and intentions to dispose of BBPs in different waste streams. Access to adequate organic waste infrastructure and pre-existing knowledge of BBP terminology and disposal routes were most strongly associated with intentions to dispose of BBPs alongside food waste. Mapping and facilitating consumer behaviour in tackling BBP waste is pivotal in designing sustainable systems for these materials.
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Journal articleAbayazid FF, Ghajari M, 2024,
Viscoelastic circular cell honeycomb helmet liners for reducing head rotation and brain strain in oblique impacts
, Materials and Design, Vol: 239, ISSN: 0264-1275Rotational head motion is one of the major contributors to brain tissue strain during head impacts, which damages axons and vessels and leads to traumatic brain injury. Helmet technologies have come to market promising enhanced protection against such rotational head motion. We recently introduced novel air-filled viscoelastic cell arrays and showed that their shear response under oblique impacts can be tailored through altering the cell wall curvature. We found that concave cells provide shear stiffness that is a few folds larger than that of convex cells. Here we test whether altering the cell curvature can reduce head rotational kinematics and brain strain and whether the viscoelastic cell arrays outperform the reference EPS foam-based liner. To test these hypotheses, we incorporate the viscoelastic cell arrays in a bicycle helmet liner. We use validated finite element models of the helmet and replace the liner with validated finite element models of the cellular cell arrays. We simulate oblique impacts at different locations to represent a wide range of real-world bicycle head impacts. In all cases, the head kinematics and brain deformation metrics indicate significant improvements with the novel cell arrays over the conventional EPS liner. We show that the shear-compliant cell arrays can reduce head rotational acceleration by as much as 64 % and brain strain by 69 %, but not in all impact locations. Cell arrays with similar axial stiffness yet lower shear stiffness often bottomed out, indicating that a considerable amount of energy is dissipated via cell shearing around the impact zone. Our results show that placement of cells with varying amounts of shear stiffness should be optimised, with the most shear-compliant cells near the crown and the least near the temples. This study shows the promising performance of viscoelastic cell arrays in protecting the head and brain under oblique impacts and provides avenues for optimising the distribution of their compress
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Journal articleBallou N, Sewall CJR, Ratcliffe J, et al., 2024,
Registered report evidence suggests no relationship between objectively-tracked video game playtime and wellbeing over 3 months
, Technology, Mind, and Behavior, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2689-0208Recent years have seen intense research, media and policy debate on whether amount of time spent playing video games (“playtime”) affects players’ wellbeing. Existing research has used cross-sectional designs with easy-to-obtain but unreliable self-report measures of playtime, or, in rare instances, obtained industry data on objectively-tracked playtime but only for individual games, not a player’s total playtime across games. Further, researchers have raised concerns that publication bias and a lack of differentiation between exploratory and confirmatory research have undermined the credibility of the evidence base. As a result, we still do not know whether wellbeing affects playtime, playtime affects wellbeing, both, or neither. To track people’s playtime across multiple games, we developed a method to log playtime on the Xbox platform. In a 12-week, 6-wave panel study of adult US/UK Xbox-predominant players (414 players, 2036 completed surveys), we investigated within-person temporal relations between objectively-measured playtime and wellbeing. Across multiple preregistered model specifications, we found that the within-person prospective relationships between playtime and wellbeing, or vice versa, were not practically significant—even the largest associations were unlikely to register a perceptible impact on a player’s wellbeing. These results support the growing body of evidence that playtime is not the primary factor in the relationship between gaming and mental health for the majority of players, and that research focus should be on the context and quality of gameplay instead.
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Journal articleHan H, Qin C, Xu D, et al., 2024,
Elevating intracellular action potential recording in cardiomyocytes: A precision-enhanced and biosafe single-pulse electroporation system
, BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0956-5663 -
Journal articlePandey SR, Pinson P, Popovski P, 2024,
Strategic Coalition for Data Pricing in IoT Data Markets
, IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, Vol: 11, Pages: 6454-6468, ISSN: 2327-4662 -
Journal articleReed CN, Pearce M, Mcpherson A, 2024,
Auditory imagery ability influences accuracy when singing with altered auditory feedback
, MUSICAE SCIENTIAE, ISSN: 1029-8649 -
Conference paperLi Y, Zhou Y, Shen C, et al., 2024,
E-textile sleeve with graphene strain sensors for arm gesture classification of mid-air interactions
, TEI '24: Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, Publisher: ACM, Pages: 1-10Arm gestures play a pivotal role in facilitating natural mid-air interactions. While computer vision techniques aim to detect these gestures, they encounter obstacles like obfuscation and lighting conditions. Alternatively, wearable devices have leveraged interactive textiles to recognize arm gestures. However, these methods predominantly emphasize textile deformation-based interactions, like twisting or grasping the sleeve, rather than tracking the natural body movement.This study bridges this gap by introducing an e-textile sleeve system that integrates multiple ultra-sensitive graphene e-textile strain sensors in an arrangement that captures bending and twisting along with an inertia measurement unit into a sports sleeve. This paper documents a comprehensive overview of the sensor design, fabrication process, seamless interconnection method, and detachable hardware implementation that allows for reconfiguring the processing unit to other body parts. A user study with ten participants demonstrated that the system could classify six different fundamental arm gestures with over 90% accuracy.
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Journal articleFerraro P, Zhao L, King C, et al., 2024,
Personalized feedback control, social contracts, and compliance strategies for ensembles
, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol: 11, Pages: 3942-3955, ISSN: 2327-4662This article describes the use of acrlong DLTs as a means to create personalized social nudges and to influence the behavior of agents in a smart city environment. Specifically, we present a scheme to price personalized risk in sharing economy applications. We provide proofs for the convergence of the proposed stochastic system and we validate our approach through the use of extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
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Journal articleLu X, Lian GJ, Parker J, et al., 2024,
Effect of carbon blacks on electrical conduction and conductive binder domain of next-generation lithium-ion batteries
, JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, Vol: 592, ISSN: 0378-7753 -
Journal articleXu M, Liu Y, Yang K, et al., 2024,
Minimally invasive power sources for implantable electronics
, EXPLORATION, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2766-8509 -
Journal articleMorley JD, George C, Hadler K, et al., 2024,
Crystallography of Active Particles Defining Battery Electrochemistry (Adv. Energy Mater. 6/2024)
, ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS, Vol: 14, ISSN: 1614-6832 -
Journal articleCacciarelli D, Kulahci M, Tyssedal JS, 2024,
Robust online active learning
, Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Vol: 40, Pages: 277-296, ISSN: 0748-8017<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In many industrial applications, obtaining labeled observations is not straightforward as it often requires the intervention of human experts or the use of expensive testing equipment. In these circumstances, active learning can be highly beneficial in suggesting the most informative data points to be used when fitting a model. Reducing the number of observations needed for model development alleviates both the computational burden required for training and the operational expenses related to labeling. Online active learning, in particular, is useful in high‐volume production processes where the decision about the acquisition of the label for a data point needs to be taken within an extremely short time frame. However, despite the recent efforts to develop online active learning strategies, the behavior of these methods in the presence of outliers has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we investigate the performance of online active linear regression in contaminated data streams. Our study shows that the currently available query strategies are prone to sample outliers, whose inclusion in the training set eventually degrades the predictive performance of the models. To address this issue, we propose a solution that bounds the search area of a conditional D‐optimal algorithm and uses a robust estimator. Our approach strikes a balance between exploring unseen regions of the input space and protecting against outliers. Through numerical simulations, we show that the proposed method is effective in improving the performance of online active learning in the presence of outliers, thus expanding the potential applications of this powerful tool.</jats:p>
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Conference paperPatel AM, Porat T, Baxter W, 2024,
What Errors Impact Situation Awareness and Decision Making for Primary Care Clinicians?
, Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, Pages: NP70-NP72, ISSN: 0272-989X -
Conference paperPatel AM, Porat T, Baxter W, 2024,
Highlighting Factors Contributing to Situation Awareness Errors in Primary Care
, Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, Pages: NP134-NP136, ISSN: 0272-989X -
Journal articleChen L, Cai Z, Jiang Z, et al., 2024,
A knowledge graph-based bio-inspired design approach for knowledge retrieval and reasoning
, Journal of Engineering Design, Pages: 1-31, ISSN: 0954-4828Bio-inspired Design (BID) is a method that draws principles from biological systems to solve complex real-world problems. While diverse knowledge-based tools have served BID, the retrieval and reasoning capabilities of knowledge graphs have not been explored in BID. This study introduces a novel knowledge graph-based BID approach, exploiting the power of knowledge graphs to support BID. In the approach, a comprehensive ontology is defined and then applied to construct a BID-specific knowledge graph, enabling efficient representation of the diverse and rich biological knowledge. The knowledge graph supports BID by facilitating knowledge retrieval and reasoning. Retrieval in BID is accomplished by finding potential links between biological systems and relevant design applications. Reasoning in BID is supported by a link prediction model that follows the design process of mapping from biological systems to design applications. Two case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The first case shows that our approach outperforms other benchmarks in retrieving related biological knowledge, and the second case presents how the link prediction model aids in generating relevant and inspirational design ideas.
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