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Journal articleHe L, Maiolino P, Leong F, et al., 2023,
Robotic simulators for tissue examination training with multimodal sensory feedback
, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 16, Pages: 514-529, ISSN: 1941-1189Tissue examination by hand remains an essential technique in clinical practice. The effective application depends on skills in sensorimotor coordination, mainly involving haptic, visual, and auditory feedback. The skills clinicians have to learn can be as subtle as regulating finger pressure with breathing, choosing palpation action, monitoring involuntary facial and vocal expressions in response to palpation, and using pain expressions both as a source of information and as a constraint on physical examination. Patient simulators can provide a safe learning platform to novice physicians before trying real patients. This paper reviews state-of-the-art medical simulators for the training for the first time with a consideration of providing multimodal feedback to learn as many manual examination techniques as possible. The study summarizes current advances in tissue examination training devices simulating different medical conditions and providing different types of feedback modalities. Opportunities with the development of pain expression, tissue modeling, actuation, and sensing are also analyzed to support the future design of effective tissue examination simulators.
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Conference paperCedeno MR, Baxter W, Porat T, et al., 2023,
A METHOD FOR PRESCRIBING PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP: A PROJECT HANDOVER CASE STUDY
, Pages: 251-261Among the topics of psychological ownership (PO) within current literature, a significant gap exists in understanding PO within a prescriptive lens. This study will examine how instigating the PO mapping method will help us understand how the PO mapping method can support an ownership journey. In addition, we want to see how we can create a prescriptive ownership structure that one follows rather than using the tool as a descriptive method. To do this we will follow a Research Through Design methodology and test the PO mapping method in an organisational case study. We believe that the PO mapping method can help frame and guide organisational project handovers. We want to examine the factors that influence the parties (project teams) emergence and relinquishment of ownership, and how that affects the feeling of ownership of a project over time. Based on this understanding we will derive prescriptive phases to integrate into our PO mapping method. Thus this study demonstrates how the PO mapping method can be used in different contexts to support and provide prescriptive guidance for ownership journeys.
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Journal articleRanjan A, Angelini F, Nanayakkara T, et al., 2023,
Design Guidelines for Bioinspired Adaptive Foot for Stable Interaction With the Environment
, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, ISSN: 1083-4435Robotic exploration in natural environments requires adaptable, resilient, and stable interactions with uncertain terrains. Most state-of-the-art legged robots utilize flat or ball feet that lack adaptability and are prone to slip due to point contact with the ground. In this article, we present guidelines to design an adaptive foot that can interact with the terrain to achieve a stable configuration. The foot is inspired by goat hoof anatomy that incorporates roll and yaw rotations in the Fetlock and Pastern joints, respectively. To ensure adaptability with stability in physical interaction and to prevent the foot from collapsing, we provide a lower bound on each joint's stiffness. In addition, we also render an upper bound to conform to the high force exchange during interactions with the ground consisting of certain roughness. Based on these guidelines, we design the hoof and experimentally validate the theoretical results with a loading test setup in lab settings. We use four different friction materials with various triangular, rectangular, and semicircular extrusions to simulate common ground features. We observe that hooved pads require more load for the system to be unstable. Any anatomically inspired foot can be designed based on the guidelines proved analytically and experimentally in this article.
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Journal articleVladescu S-C, Agurto MG, Myant C, et al., 2023,
Protein-induced delubrication: How plant-based and dairy proteins affect mouthfeel
, FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS, Vol: 134, ISSN: 0268-005X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleBasak S, Park J, Jo J, et al., 2023,
Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
, JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS, ISSN: 1940-087X -
Journal articleMartinez Avila J, Hazzard A, Greenhalgh C, et al., 2023,
The Stretchy Strap: supporting encumbered interaction with guitars
, Journal of New Music Research, Vol: 52, Pages: 19-40, ISSN: 0929-8215Guitarists struggle to play their instruments while simultaneously using additional computing devices (i.e., encumbered interaction). We explored designs with guitarists through co-design and somaesthetic design workshops, learning that they (unsurprisingly) preferred to focus on playing their guitars and keeping their instruments’ material integrity intact. Subsequently, we devised an interactive guitar strap controller, which guitarists found promising for tackling encumbered interaction during instrumental transcription, learning and practice. Our design process highlights three strategies: considering postural interaction, applying somaesthetic design to interactive music technology development, and augmenting guitar accessories.
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Journal articleAlasiri SF, Douiri A, Altukistani S, et al., 2023,
The role of clinical decision support systems in preventing stroke in primary care: a systematic review.
, Perspectives in health information management / AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association, Vol: 20, Pages: 1-19, ISSN: 1559-4122Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are increasingly being used to facilitate the role of clinicians in complex decision-making processes. This systematic review evaluates evidence of the available CDSS developed and tested to support the decision-making process in primary healthcare for stroke prevention and barriers to practical implementations in primary care settings. A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Embase Ovid, and Cinahl was done. A total of five studies, experimental and observational, were synthesised in this review. This review found that CDSS facilitate decision-making processes in primary health care settings in stroke prevention options. However, barriers were identified in designing, implementing, and using the CDSS.
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Journal articleAngelini F, Angelini P, Angiolini C, et al., 2023,
Robotic Monitoring of Habitats: The Natural Intelligence Approach
, IEEE ACCESS, Vol: 11, Pages: 72575-72591, ISSN: 2169-3536 -
Book chapterLarsen ME, Vo LC, Pratap A, et al., 2023,
Integrated Digital Platforms for Clinical Care
, Tasman’s Psychiatry, Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Pages: 1-19, ISBN: 9783030428259 -
Journal articleSaiger MJ, Deterding S, Gega L, 2023,
Children and Young People's Involvement in Designing Applied Games: Scoping Review
, JMIR SERIOUS GAMES, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2291-9279 -
Conference paperArachchige DDK, Varshney T, Huzaifa U, et al., 2023,
Study on Soft Robotic Pinniped Locomotion
, IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 65-71, ISSN: 2159-6255 -
Journal articleValk S, Thabsuwan C, Mougenot C, 2023,
The ideation compass: supporting interdisciplinary creative dialogues with real time visualization
, International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, Vol: 11, Pages: 99-116, ISSN: 2165-0349This study presents the potential of live topic visualization in supporting creative dialogs during remote idea generation. We developed a novel Creativity Support Tool (CST) to explore the effects of the live topic visualization. The tool emphasizes the interdisciplinary knowledge background of participants. Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and topic modeling, the tool provides users with a live visual mapping of the domains and topics being orally discussed. To understand the tool’s user perceived effects, we conducted evaluation sessions and interviews with participants (N = 10) from two different disciplinary backgrounds: design and bioscience. The findings show that live visualization of domains and topics supported self-reflection during individual and collaborative creativity and encouraged a balanced discussion, which can mitigate discipline-based fixation in ideation.
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Journal articleSmith N, Peters D, Jay C, et al., 2023,
Off-World Mental Health: Considerations for the Design of Well-being-Supportive Technologies for Deep Space Exploration
, JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH, Vol: 7- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleSevastjanova R, Hauptmann H, Deterding S, et al., 2023,
Personalized language model selection through gamified elicitation of contrastive concept preferences
, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 1077-2626Language models are widely used for different Natural Language Processing tasks while suffering from a lack of personalization. Personalization can be achieved by, e.g., fine-tuning the model on training data that is created by the user (e.g., social media posts). Previous work shows that the acquisition of such data can be challenging. Instead of adapting the model's parameters, we thus suggest selecting a model that matches the user's mental model of different thematic concepts in language. In this paper, we attempt to capture such individual language understanding of users. In this process, two challenges have to be considered. First, we need to counteract disengagement since the task of communicating one's language understanding typically encompasses repetitive and time-consuming actions. Second, we need to enable users to externalize their mental models in different contexts, considering that language use changes depending on the environment. In this paper, we integrate methods of gamification into a visual analytics (VA) workflow to engage users in sharing their knowledge within various contexts. In particular, we contribute the design of a gameful VA playground called Concept Universe. During the four-phased game, the users build personalized concept descriptions by explaining given concept names through representative keywords. Based on their performance, the system reacts with constant visual, verbal, and auditory feedback. We evaluate the system in a user study with six participants, showing that users are engaged and provide more specific input when facing a virtual opponent. We use the generated concepts to make personalized language model suggestions.
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Journal articleCampanella D, Krachkovskiy S, Faure C, et al., 2022,
Influence of AlPO<sub>4</sub> Impurity on the Electrochemical Properties of NASICON-Type Li<sub>1.5</sub>Al<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Solid Electrolyte
, CHEMELECTROCHEM, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2196-0216- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Conference paperKocer BB, Stedman H, Kulik P, et al., 2022,
Immersive view and interface design for teleoperated aerial manipulation
, 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 4919-4926The recent momentum in aerial manipulation has led to an interest in developing virtual reality interfaces for aerial physical interaction tasks with simple, intuitive, and reliable control and perception. However, this requires the use of expensive subsystems and there is still a research gap between interface design, user evaluations and the effect on aerial manipulation tasks. Here, we present a methodology for low-cost available drone systems with a Unity-based interface for immersive FPV teleoperation. We applied our approach in a flight track where a cluttered environment is used to simulate a demanding aerial manipulation task inspired by forestry drones and canopy sampling. Through objective measures of teleoperation performance and subjective questionnaires, we found that operators performed worse using the FPV interface and had higher perceived levels of cognitive load when compared to traditional interface design. Additional analysis of physiological measures highlighted that objective stress levels and cognitive load were also influenced by task duration and perceived performance, providing an insight into what interfaces could target to support teleoperator requirements during aerial manipulation tasks.
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Journal articleZimmerman K, 2022,
The biomechanical signature of loss of consciousness: computational modelling of elite athlete head injuries
, Brain: a journal of neurology, ISSN: 0006-8950 -
Journal articleSun S, Zhang Z, Tian M, et al., 2022,
Preferences for a Mental Health Support Technology Among Chinese Employees: Mixed Methods Approach
, JMIR HUMAN FACTORS, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2292-9495 -
Journal articleFan Y, Olsson E, Liang G, et al., 2022,
Stabilizing Cobalt-free Li-rich Layered Oxide Cathodes through Oxygen Lattice Regulation by Two-phase Ru Doping
, ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, ISSN: 1433-7851- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleHaridas AK, Sadan MK, Liu Y, et al., 2022,
Simple and scalable gelatin-mediated synthesis of a novel iron sulfide/graphitic carbon nanoarchitecture for sustainable sodium-ion storage
, JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, Vol: 928, ISSN: 0925-8388 -
Journal articleZhu L, Wang X, Sun L, et al., 2022,
Optimisation of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V functionally graded lattice structures accounting for structural safety
, Materials, Vol: 15, Pages: 1-26, ISSN: 1996-1944This paper presents a new framework for lightweight optimisation of functionally graded lattice structures (FGLSs) with a particular focus on enhancing and guaranteeing structural safety through three main contributions. Firstly, a design strategy of adding fillets to the joints of body-centred cubic (BCC) type lattice cells was proposed to improve the effective yield stress of the lattices. Secondly, effective properties of lattice metamaterials were experimentally characterised by conducting quasi-static uniaxial compression tests on selective laser melted specimens of both Ti6Al4V BCC and filleted BCC (BCC-F) lattices with different relative densities. Thirdly, a yield stress constraint for optimising FGLSs was developed based on surrogate models quantifying the relationships between the relative density and the effective properties of BCC and BCC-F lattices developed using experimental results assisted by numerical homogenisation. This framework was tested with two case studies. Results showed that structural safety with respect to avoiding yield failure of the optimised FGLSs can be ensured and the introduction of fillets can effectively improve the strength-to-weight ratio of the optimised FGLSs composed of BCC type lattices. The BCC-F FGLS achieved 14.5% improvement in weight reduction compared with BCC FGLS for the Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm beam optimisation case study.
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Journal articleWillis S, Waheed U, Coward T, et al., 2022,
An automated design pipeline for transparent facial orthoses: A clinical study.
, J Prosthet DentSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Transparent facial orthoses (TFOs) are commonly used for the treatment of craniomaxillofacial trauma and burns to prevent hypertrophic and keloid scarring. A TFO is typically customized to the patient's facial contours and relies on a precise fit to ensure good rehabilitative performance. A smart method of TFO design and manufacture is needed which does not require an experienced prosthetist, allowing for rapidly produced, well-fitting TFOs. Whether the rapid application reduces the final level of patient scarring is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine whether a scalable, automated design-through-manufacture pipeline for patient specific TFO fabrication would be successful. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The automated pipeline received a 3-dimensional (3D) facial scan captured from a depth sensitive mobile phone camera. The scan was cleaned, aligned, and fit to a template mesh, with a known connectivity. The resultant fitted scan was passed into an automated design pipeline, outputting a 3D printable model of a custom TFO. The TFOs were fabricated with 3D printing and were both physically and digitally evaluated to test the fidelity of a digital fit testing system. RESULTS: A total of 10 individuals were scanned with 5 different scanning technologies (STs). All scans were passed through an automated fitting pipeline and categorized into 2 groups. Each ST was digitally fitted to a ground truth scan. In this manner, a Euclidean distance map was built to the actual facial geometry for each scan. Heatmaps of 3D Euclidean distances were made for all participant faces. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to automatically design and manufacture a custom fitted TFO using commercially available 3D scanning and 3D printing technology was successfully demonstrated. After considering equipment size and operational personnel requirements, vat polymerization (VP) technology was found to be the most promising route to TFO manufacture.
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Journal articleHe L, Herzig N, Nanayakkara T, et al., 2022,
3D-printed soft sensors for adaptive sensing with online and offline tunable-stiffness
, Soft Robotics, Vol: 9, Pages: 1062-1073, ISSN: 2169-5172The stiffness of a soft robot with structural cavities can be regulated by controlling the pressure of a fluid to render predictable changes in mechanical properties. When the soft robot interacts with the environment, the mediating fluid can also be considered an inherent information pathway for sensing. This approach to using structural tuning to improve the efficacy of a sensing task with specific states has not yet been well studied. A tunable stiffness soft sensor also renders task-relevant contact dynamics in soft robotic manipulation tasks. This article proposes a type of adaptive soft sensor that can be directly three-dimensional printed and controlled using pneumatic pressure. The tunability of such a sensor helps to adjust the sensing characteristics to better capturing specific tactile features, demonstrated by detecting texture with different frequencies. We present the design, modeling, Finite Element Simulation, and experimental characterization of a single unit of such a tunable stiffness sensor. How the sensing characteristics are affected by adjusting its stiffness is studied in depth. In addition to the tunability, the results show that such types of adaptive sensors exhibit good sensitivity (up to 2.6 KPa/N), high sensor repeatability (average std <0.008 KPa/N), low hysteresis (<6%), and good manufacturing repeatability (average std = 0.0662 KPa/N).
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Journal articleFinegan DP, Squires I, Dahari A, et al., 2022,
Machine-learning-driven advanced characterization of battery electrodes
, ACS Energy Letters, Vol: 7, Pages: 4368-4378, ISSN: 2380-8195Materials characterization is fundamental to our understanding of lithium ion battery electrodes and their performance limitations. Advances in laboratory-based characterization techniques have yielded powerful insights into the structure–function relationship of electrodes, yet there is still far to go. Further improvements rely, in part, on gaining a deeper understanding of complex physical heterogeneities in the materials. However, practical limitations in characterization techniques inhibit our ability to combine data directly. For example, some characterization techniques are destructive, thus preventing additional analyses on the same region. Fortunately, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential for achieving representative, 3D, multi-modal datasets by leveraging data collected from a range of techniques. In this Perspective, we give an overview of recent advances in lab-based characterization techniques for Li-ion electrodes. We then discuss how AI methods can combine and enhance these techniques, leading to substantial acceleration in our understanding of electrodes.
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Conference paperHolmes AS, Yang SKE, Kiziroglou ME, et al., 2022,
Miniaturized wet-wet differential pressure sensor
, IEEE Sensors Conference, Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 1930-0395We report a miniaturized wet-wet differential pressure sensor with applications in pressure and flow sensing in water networks and other harsh environments. The device is similar in concept to a conventional wet-wet differential pressure sensor in that the sensing element is protected from the external environment by oil-filled cavities closed off by corrugated diaphragms. However, with a package envelope of 11.0 x 4.8 x 3.4 mm 3 , corresponding to a volume of only 0.18 cm 3 , the device is considerably smaller than commercially available wet-wet differential pressure sensors. A high degree of miniaturization has been achieved by using micromachining to fabricate the corrugated diaphragms. Preliminary experimental results are presented showing operation of the device as a delta-pressure flow speed sensor in a water flow test rig.
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Journal articleSeah CEL, Zhang Z, Sun S, et al., 2022,
Designing mindfulness conversational agents for people with early-stage dementia and their caregivers: thematic analysis of expert and user perspectives
, JMIR Aging, Vol: 5, Pages: e40360-e40360, ISSN: 2561-7605BACKGROUND: The number of people with dementia is expected to grow worldwide. Among the ways to support both persons with early-stage dementia and their caregivers (dyads), researchers are studying mindfulness interventions. However, few studies have explored technology-enhanced mindfulness interventions for dyads and the needs of persons with dementia and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to elicit essential needs from people with dementia, their caregivers, dementia experts, and mindfulness experts to identify themes that can be used in the design of mindfulness conversational agents for dyads. METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 5 dementia experts, 5 mindfulness experts, 5 people with early-stage dementia, and 5 dementia caregivers. Interviews were transcribed and coded on NVivo (QSR International) before themes were identified through a bottom-up inductive approach. RESULTS: The results revealed that dyadic mindfulness is preferred and that implementation formats such as conversational agents have potential. A total of 5 common themes were also identified from expert and user feedback, which should be used to design mindfulness conversational agents for persons with dementia and their caregivers. The 5 themes included enhancing accessibility, cultivating positivity, providing simplified tangible and thought-based activities, encouraging a mindful mindset shift, and enhancing relationships. CONCLUSIONS: In essence, this research concluded with 5 themes that mindfulness conversational agents could be designed based on to meet the needs of persons with dementia and their caregivers.
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Journal articleBurge TA, Jeffers JRT, Myant CW, 2022,
Performance and Sensitivity Analysis of an Automated X-Ray Based Total Knee Replacement Mass-Customization Pipeline
, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1932-6181- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 3
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Conference paperAttar HR, Foster A, Li N, 2022,
Optimisation of panel component regions subject to hot stamping constraints using a novel deep-learning-based platform
, The 19th International Conference on Metal Forming, Publisher: IOP Publishing, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 1757-8981The latest hot stamping processes can enable efficient production of complex shaped panel components with high stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, structural redesign for these intricate processes can be challenging, because compared to cold forming, the non-isothermal and dynamic nature of these processes introduces complexity and unfamiliarity among industrial designers. In industrial practice, trial-and-error approaches are currently used to update non-feasible designs where complicated forming simulations are needed each time a design change is made. A superior approach to structural redesign for hot stamping processes is demonstrated in this paper which applies a novel deep-learning-based optimisation platform. The platform consists of the interaction between two neural networks: a generator that creates 3D panel component geometries and an evaluator that predicts their post-stamping thinning distributions. Guided by these distributions the geometry is iteratively updated by a gradient-based optimisation technique. In the application presented in this paper, panel component geometries are optimised to meet imposed constraints that are derived from post-stamping thinning distributions. In addition, a new methodology is applied to select arbitrary geometric regions that are to be fixed during the optimisation. Overall, it is demonstrated that the platform is capable of optimising selective regions of panel component subject to imposed post-stamped thinning distribution constraints.
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Journal articleBarrak FN, Li S, Mohammed AA, et al., 2022,
Anti-inflammatory properties of S53P4 bioactive glass implant material.
, Journal of Dentistry, Vol: 127, ISSN: 0300-5712OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the dissolution products of S53P4 bioactive glass (BG) affect cellular response of macrophages and clinically relevant peri-implant cell populations to dental implant particles in vitro. Cells chosen were human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), osteoblasts and bone marrow derived stromal cells (HBMSCs). METHODS: Melt-derived S53P4 bioactive glass were prepared. HGFs, Saos-2 human osteoblastic cell line, HBMSCs and macrophages, derived from THP-1 human monocytic cell line, were cultured in the presence of particles from commercially pure titanium (Ti-CP4), grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), titanium-zirconium alloy (Ti-15Zr) or zirconia (Zr) (with respective diameters of 34.1 ± 3.8, 33.3 ± 4.4, 97.8 ± 8.2 and 71.3 ± 6.1 µm) with or without S53P4 dissolution products (conditioned media contained 327.30 ± 2.01 ppm Ca, 51.34 ± 0.41 ppm P and 61.48 ± 1.17 ppm Si, pH 8.01 ± 0.21). Inflammatory and macrophage polarisation markers including TNF-ɑ, IL-1, IL-6 and CD206 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The presence of Ti-6Al-4V implant particles significantly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in all tested cell types. S53P4 BG dissolution products regressed the particle induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers and, appeared to suppress M1 macrophage polarisation. CONCLUSIONS: Implant particles, Ti-6Al-4V in particular, resulted in significant inflammatory responses from cells. S53P4 BG may possess anti-inflammatory properties and potentially mediate macrophage polarisation behaviour. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings highlight that the use and benefits of BG is a promising field of study. Authors believe more collective efforts are required to fully understand the reliability, efficiency and exact mechanisms of action of BG in the search for new generation of treatme
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Journal articleAziz N, Stockman T, Stewart R, 2022,
Planning your journey in audio: design and evaluation of auditory route overviews
, ACM Trans. Access. Comput., Vol: 15, Pages: 1-48, ISSN: 1936-7228Auditory overviews of routes can provide routing and map information to blind users enabling them to preview route maps before embarking on a journey. This paper investigates the usefulness of a system designed to do this through a Preliminary Survey, followed by a Design Study to gather the design requirements, development of a prototype and evaluation through a Usability Study. The design is drawn in 2-stages with 8 audio designers and 8 potential blind users. The auditory route overview is sequential and automatically generated as integrated audio. It comprises auditory icons to represent points of interest, earcons for auditory brackets encapsulating repeating points of interest, and speech for directions. A prototype based on this design is developed and evaluated with 22 sighted and 8 blind participants. The software architecture of the prototype including the route information retrieval and mapping onto audio has been included. The findings show that both groups perform well in route reconstruction and recognition tasks. Moreover, the functional route information and auditory icons are effectively designed and useful in forming a mental model of the route, which improves over time. However, the design of auditory brackets needs further improvement and testing. At all stages of the system development, input has been acquired from the end-user population and the design is adapted accordingly.
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