@article{Gulamali:2011:10.1190/1.3596010,
author = {Gulamali, MY and Leinov, E and Jackson, MD},
doi = {10.1190/1.3596010},
journal = {Geophysics},
pages = {F283--F292},
title = {Self-potential anomalies induced by water injection into hydrocarbon reservoirs},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3596010},
volume = {76},
year = {2011}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The injection of cold water into a hydrocarbon reservoir containingrelatively warmer, more saline formation brine may generateself-potential anomalies as a result of electrokinetic,thermoelectric, and=or electrochemical effects. We havenumerically assessed the relative contributions of these effectsto the overall self-potential signal generated during oil productionin a simple hydrocarbon reservoir model. Our aim was todetermine if measurements of self-potential at a production wellcan be used to detect the movement of water toward the well.The coupling coefficients for the electrochemical and thermoelectricpotentials are uncertain, so we considered four differentmodels for them. We also investigated the effect of altering thesalinities of the formation and injected brines. We found thatthe electrokinetic potential peaked at the location of the saturationfront (reaching values of 0.2 mV even for the most salinebrine considered). Moreover, the value at the production wellincreased as the front approached the well, exceeding the noiselevel ( 0.1 mV). Thermoelectric effects gave rise to largerpotentials in the reservoir (10 mV), but values at the wellwere negligible ð Þ .0:1 mV until after water breakthroughbecause of the lag in the temperature front relative to the saturationfront. Electrochemical potentials were smaller in magnitudethan thermoelectric potentials in the reservoir but were measurableð Þ > 0:1 mV at the well because the salinity front wasclosely associated with the saturation front. When the formationbrine was less saline (1 mol=liter), electrokinetic effects dominated;at higher salinities (5 mol=liter), electrochemicaleffects were significant. We concluded that the measurement ofself-potential signals in a production well may be used to monitorthe movement of water in hydrocarbon reservoirs duringproduction, but further research is required to understand thethermoelectric and electrochemical coupling coefficients in partiallysatu
AU  - Gulamali,MY
AU  - Leinov,E
AU  - Jackson,MD
DO  - 10.1190/1.3596010
EP  - 292
PY  - 2011///
SN  - 1942-2156
SP  - 283
TI  - Self-potential anomalies induced by water injection into hydrocarbon reservoirs
T2  - Geophysics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3596010
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23780
VL  - 76
ER  - 

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