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Journal articleKot E, Bismarck A, Saini RK, et al., 2011,
Novel drag-reducing agents for fracturing treatments based on polyacrylamide containing weak labile links in the polymer backbone
, Proceedings SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Vol: 2, Pages: 505-515, ISSN: 1046-1779Water-soluble polymers have found extensive use in the oil and gas industry. For instance, high molecular-weight polymers are very efficient drag/friction-reducing agents and viscosifiers. Unfortunately, the adsorption of the polymer on the reservoir formation reduces the effectiveness of the recovery of oil and gas from tight low-permeability formations, such as shale. The availability of water-soluble polymers containing weak links in the backbone of the polymer that can be degraded upon experiencing a certain trigger, such as temperature, pH, or reducing agent, would be very advantageous. Because of the ability of weak links to degrade under certain conditions, such polymers can be used for their intended application and afterwards be degraded in a controlled and predetermined way. The resulting lower molecular-weight fractions of that polymer lead to reduced viscosity, quick partitioning in the water phase, and they are also less likely to adsorb onto formation surfaces. Additionally, no oxidizers need to be pumped to break or clean the deposited polymer, thus, saving time and money. It has been proved that using a bifunctional reducing agent containing degradable groups and oxidizing metal ion as a redox couple is a facile method to initiate the free-radical polymerisation and build degradable groups into the backbone of the vinyl polymers. Temperature-degradable but hydrolytically stable azo groups showed the most desirable results. The presence of azo groups in the backbone of the synthesized Polyacrylamide (PAM) was confirmed by H<sup>1</sup>-NMR spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior of the PAM with temperature-sensitive azo groups was characterised using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system and proved the multiple labile links were built into the polymer backbone. It was also found that PAM with azo links in the polymer backbone is as good a drag-reducing agent as pure PAM. However, PAM with azo link
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Journal articleEl Mouden EH, Slimani T, Donaire D, et al., 2011,
First record of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in North Africa
, Herpetological Review, Vol: 42, Pages: 71-75, ISSN: 0018-084X- Cite
- Citations: 24
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Journal articleSverzellati N, Devaraj A, Desai SR, et al., 2011,
Method for Minimizing Observer Variation for the Quantitation of High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Signs of Lung Disease
, JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY, Vol: 35, Pages: 596-601, ISSN: 0363-8715- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 15
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Conference paperShirshova N, Shaffer M, Steinke JHG, et al., 2011,
Strutural Polymer Composites for Energy Storage Devices
, 1st Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Symposium -
Journal articleLee K-Y, Wong LLC, Blaker JJ, et al., 2011,
Bio-based macroporous polymer nanocomposites made by mechanical frothing of acrylated epoxidised soybean oil
, Green Chemistry, Vol: 13, Pages: 3117-3123, ISSN: 1463-9262 -
Book chapterLee KY, Bismarck A, 2011,
Assessing the moisture uptake behavior of natural fibres
, Interface Engineering of Natural Fibre Composites for Maximum Performance, Pages: 275-288Various methods for the determination of moisture uptake and water sorption behaviour of natural fibres are discussed; namely through simple weight gain measurement and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), respectively. Simple weight gain measurement provides the equilibrium moisture content at a specified relative humidity. DVS, on the other hand, provides water sorption/desorption behaviour of natural fibres. Not only can the water sorption behaviour of natural fibres be determined, water sorption hysteresis can also be studied. A novel method of determining the accessible hydroxyl groups utilising heavy water using DVS apparatus was also discussed. This technique could potentially be applied to study the water sorption kinetics and mechanism of natural fibres.
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Book chapterHo KKC, Bismarck A, 2011,
Electrokinetic characterisation of interfacial properties of natural fibres
, Interface Engineering of Natural Fibre Composites for Maximum Performance, Pages: 205-221The benefits of electrokinetic measurements in the study of electrostatic interface forces and electrokinetic surface properties for many industrial, biological and medical applications are reviewed. Measuring ζ-potentials is a useful tool for the characterisation of natural fibres, including acid/base surface characterisation, and evaluating the relative acid/base strength as well as the swelling behaviour of natural fibres.
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Conference paperKwak M, Robinson P, Bismarck A, et al., 2011,
Curing of composite materials using the recently developed Hephaistos Microwave
Carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy prepreg laminates were cured using the VHM (Vötsch Hephaistos Microwave) microwave, which the manufacturer claims has tackled key issues associated with microwave processing of composites, such as nonhomogeneous microwave distribution, the difficulty of using metallic tooling and vacuum bagging in a microwave environment, and arcing, thus providing a very significant difference to other systems in the past. The different, and sometimes relatively inconclusive, results obtained in past work could be attributed to the different systems employed. The VHM system has allowed researchers to more accurately assess the real effects of microwave technology for processing polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The performance of the samples produced was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy and mechanical testing. The results have been compared to samples cured conventionally.
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Journal articleSalgado PS, Taylor JD, Cota E, et al., 2011,
Extending the usability of the phasing power of diselenide bonds: SeCys SAD phasing of CsgC using a non-auxotrophic strain
, ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 67, Pages: 8-13, ISSN: 2059-7983- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Journal articleDeepa B, Abraham E, Cherian BM, et al., 2011,
Structure, morphology and thermal characteristics of banana nano fibers obtained by steam explosion
, BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 102, Pages: 1988-1997, ISSN: 0960-8524- Cite
- Citations: 449
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